Editorial Policies

Focus and Scope

Jurnal Antropologi Sumatera is published by the Unimed Postgraduate Social Anthropology Study Program in collaboration with the affiliated professional organization of the Indonesian Anthropological Association (AAI).

Jurnal Antropologi Sumatera consists of print and online editions that focus on the scope of anthropological studies, including:

Socio-cultural anthropology (pluralism and multiculturalism; arts and culture; social and cultural systems; cultural developments; social transformation and new intellectual paradigms; cultural variations; ethnicity and identity; and other anthropological and socio-cultural studies that have not been classified).

Urban anthropology (Society and urban planning; community and family networks; workers and industrial society; political economy, infrastructure development and cultural change, inter-ethnic relations in urban areas; lifestyle and consumerism; socio-cultural mobility and urban development, and other urban anthropological studies unclassified)

Contemporary anthropology (anthropology of psychology; community and cyber culture; anthropology of terrorism; anthropology of climate change; anthropology of disasters; and other contemporary anthropology that has not yet been classified)

Development Anthropology (development and conflict; policy, development and cultural resilience; policy and indigenous peoples; development and gender; development, international assistance and humanitarian action; development, community and environmental preservation, and other unclassified development anthropology studies)

Health Anthropology (social; environmental and biological factors that impact on health; race, ethnicity and gender in medical practice and knowledge; development of medical knowledge and service systems; alternative medicine in diverse cultural settings; patient and health worker relationships; influence of biomedical technology on society developing; the interaction of psychiatric services and migrant populations; magical practices; medicine and religion; globalization, disease and response; and other health anthropological studies that have not been classified

Economic anthropology (poverty and poverty culture; work ethos and culture; patterns of economic transactions in society, their functions and changes; the economic life of industrial society; the community's economic system and technology; and other studies of economic anthropology that have not been classified.

Media anthropology (mass media and visual culture; new media and digital culture; and other studies of media anthropology that have not been classified)

Religious anthropology (religion, culture, and radicalism; modernity, urbanization, secularization; rituals and magic in society; religious movements and organizations; local religions vs divine religions; local religions and religious purification movements, and other studies of religious anthropology that have not been classified)

Political Anthropology (ethnic community political systems; socio-political conflicts and peace movements; transformation of cultural leadership into political leadership; bureaucratic culture in modern politics; ethnicity, identity, and nationalism; and other studies of political anthropology that have not been classified)

The studies above are prioritized, especially in the local context of Sumatra.

Contributors in this journal are academics, researchers, students, teachers, social and community science activities, cultural activists, and other parties with an interest in the development of socio-cultural issues.

Jurnal Antropologi Sumatera is published in two editions a year, namely in December and June which are distributed as social anthropology publications.

 

Section Policies

Articles

Checked Open Submissions Checked Indexed Checked Peer Reviewed
 

Peer Review Process

  • After submit inventions have made a preliminary review of the manuscript by the editor Jurnal Antropologi Sumatera, Editor will decide whether the manuscript in accordance with the scope and focus and proper to give to the reviewer. Sometimes, editors may recommend revision before submitting for review. This initial review of activities usually takes a week.
  • Submissions that pass the initial review will be assigned to reviewer (double blind peer review). Based on the review editor will first make editorial decisions.
  • There are five possible editorial decisions (1) the manuscript is accepted, (2) be amended, (3) re-submit, (4) is sent to another publisher, or (5) is rejected.
  • Typically, the time frame of delivery to the first editor of the average results of 6-8 weeks.
  • The time to reach a final decision depends on the number of reviews rotation, perceptive writer etc. Typically, the time frame of delivery by an average of 4-5 months a final decision.

 

 

Open Access Policy

This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.

 

Archiving

This journal utilizes the LOCKSS system to create a distributed archiving system among participating libraries and permits those libraries to create permanent archives of the journal for purposes of preservation and restoration. More...

 

Jurnal Antropologi Sumatera

Jurnal Antropologi Sumatera is published by the Unimed Postgraduate Social Anthropology Study Program in collaboration with the affiliated professional organization of the Indonesian Anthropological Association (AAI).

Jurnal Antropologi Sumatera consists of print and online editions that focus on the scope of anthropological studies, including:

Socio-cultural anthropology (pluralism and multiculturalism; arts and culture; social and cultural systems; cultural developments; social transformation and new intellectual paradigms; cultural variations; ethnicity and identity; and other anthropological and socio-cultural studies that have not been classified).

Urban anthropology (Society and urban planning; community and family networks; workers and industrial society; political economy, infrastructure development and cultural change, inter-ethnic relations in urban areas; lifestyle and consumerism; socio-cultural mobility and urban development, and other urban anthropological studies unclassified)

Contemporary anthropology (anthropology of psychology; community and cyber culture; anthropology of terrorism; anthropology of climate change; anthropology of disasters; and other contemporary anthropology that has not yet been classified)

Development Anthropology (development and conflict; policy, development and cultural resilience; policy and indigenous peoples; development and gender; development, international assistance and humanitarian action; development, community and environmental preservation, and other unclassified development anthropology studies)

Health Anthropology (social; environmental and biological factors that impact on health; race, ethnicity and gender in medical practice and knowledge; development of medical knowledge and service systems; alternative medicine in diverse cultural settings; patient and health worker relationships; influence of biomedical technology on society developing; the interaction of psychiatric services and migrant populations; magical practices; medicine and religion; globalization, disease and response; and other health anthropological studies that have not been classified

Economic anthropology (poverty and poverty culture; work ethos and culture; patterns of economic transactions in society, their functions and changes; the economic life of industrial society; the community's economic system and technology; and other studies of economic anthropology that have not been classified.

Media anthropology (mass media and visual culture; new media and digital culture; and other studies of media anthropology that have not been classified)

Religious anthropology (religion, culture, and radicalism; modernity, urbanization, secularization; rituals and magic in society; religious movements and organizations; local religions vs divine religions; local religions and religious purification movements, and other studies of religious anthropology that have not been classified)

Political Anthropology (ethnic community political systems; socio-political conflicts and peace movements; transformation of cultural leadership into political leadership; bureaucratic culture in modern politics; ethnicity, identity, and nationalism; and other studies of political anthropology that have not been classified)

The studies above are prioritized, especially in the local context of Sumatra.

Contributors in this journal are academics, researchers, students, teachers, social and community science activities, cultural activists, and other parties with an interest in the development of socio-cultural issues.

Jurnal Antropologi Sumatera is published in two editions a year, namely in December and June which are distributed as social anthropology publications.

 

Plagiarism Policy

Plagiarism Policy
Jurnal Antropologi Sumatera Editorial board recognizes that plagiarism is not acceptable and therefore establishes the following policy stating specific actions (penalties) when plagiarism is identified in an article that is submitted for publication in Jurnal Antropologi Sumatera.
Definition:
Plagiarism involves the "use or close imitation of the language and thoughts of another author and the representation of them as one's own original work."
Policy:
Papers must be original, unpublished, and not pending publication elsewhere. Any material taken verbatim from another source needs to be clearly identified as different from the present original text by (1) indentation, (2) use of quotation marks, and (3) identification of the source.
Any text of an amount exceeding fair use standards (herein defined as more than two or three sentences or the equivalent thereof) or any graphic material reproduced from another source requires permission from the copyright holder and, if feasible, the original author(s) and also requires identification of the source; e.g., previous publication.
When plagiarism is identified, the Editor in Chief responsible for the review of this paper to the following guidelines:
Level of Plagiaris
1. Minor: A short section of another article is plagiarized without any significant data or idea taken from the other paper
Action : A warning is given to the authors and a request to change the text and properly cite the original article is made
2. Intermediate: A significant portion of a paper is plagiarized without proper citation to the original paper
Action: The submitted article is rejected and the authors are forbidden to submit further articles for one year
3. Severe : A significant portion of a paper is plagiarized that involves reproducing original results or ideas presented in another publication
Action: The paper is rejected and the authors are forbidden to submit further articles for five years.

It is understood that all authors are responsible for the content of their submitted paper as they all sign the JEHSS Copyright Transfer Form. If a penalty is imposed for plagiarism, all authors will be subject to the same penalty.
If a second case of plagiarism by the same author(s) is identified, a decision on the measures to be enforced will be made by the Editorial board (Editor-in-Chief, and Editorial members) with the Chair of the Editor in Chief. The author(s) might be forbidden to submit further articles forever.
This policy applies also to material reproduced from another publication by the same author(s). If an author uses text or figures that have previously been published, the corresponding paragraphs or figures should be identified and the previous publication referenced. It is understood that in case of a review paper or a paper of a tutorial nature much of the material was previously published.
The author should identify the source of the previously published material and obtain permission from the original author and the publisher. If an author submits a manuscript to JEHSS with significant overlap with a manuscript submitted to another journal simultaneously, and this overlap is discovered during the review process or after the publications of both papers, the editor of the other journal is notified and the case is treated as a severe plagiarism case. Significant overlap means use of identical or almost identical figures and identical or slightly modified text for one half or more of the paper. For self plagiarism of less than one half of the paper but more than one tenth of the paper, the case shall be treated as intermediate plagiarism. If self plagiarism is confined to the methods section, the case shall be considered as minor plagiarism.
If an author uses some of his previously published material to clarify the presentation of new results, the previously published material shall be identified and the difference to the present publication shall be mentioned. Permission to republish must be obtained from the copyright holder. In the case of a manuscript that was originally published in conference proceedings and then is submitted for publication in Jurnal Antropologi Sumatera either in identical or in expanded form, the authors must identify the name of the conference proceedings and the date of the publication and obtain permission to republish from the copyright holder. The editor may decide not to accept this paper for publication.
However, an author shall be permitted to use material from an unpublished presentation, including visual displays, in a subsequent journal publication. In the case of a publication being submitted that was originally published in another language, the title, date and journal of the original publication must be identified by the authors, and the copyright must be obtained. The editor may accept such a translated publication to bring it to the attention of a wider audience. The editor may select a specific paper that had been published (e.g. a “historic” paper) for republication in order to provide a better perspective of a series of papers published in one issue of JEHSS. This republication shall be clearly identified as such and the date and journal of the original publication shall be given, and the permission of the author(s) and the publisher shall be obtained.
The Jurnal Antropologi Sumatera layout editor for the Journal is responsible for maintaining the list of authors subjected to penalties and will check that no authors of a submitted paper are on this list. If a banned author is identified, the layout editor will inform the Editor-in-Chief who will take appropriate measures. This policy will be posted on the web site with the instructions for submitting a manuscript, and a copy will be sent to the authors with the confirmation email upon initial receipt of their original manuscript. A sentence shall be added to the copyright transfer form to indicate that the author(s) have read the Plagiarism Policy.

 

Processing Charge

Jurnal Antropologi Sumatera tidak memungut biaya apapun untuk proses artikel kepada penulis

 

Submission Charge

Jurnal Antropologi Sumatera tidak memungut biaya dari penulis untuk mengirimkan artikel

 

Licensing

This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Share copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format

Adapt remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.

 

Author Guidelines

General guidelines:

  1. The manuscript must be original, no plagiarism, and has never been published nor under consideration in other scientific journal.
  2. Please submit your manuscript file as a Microsoft Word extension Document (DOC) or Rich Text Format (RTF). Template (Bahasa)    Template (Eng)
  3. Abstract should be written in Bahasa and English, content of the manuscript can be written in Bahasa or English.
  4. For submission, please login and submit your manuscript through the link http://mahesainstitute.web.id/ojs2/index.php/jehss/user/register
  5. For August issue, we accept submission from May to June, and editing and revision process is scheduled in July, For December issue is from September to October. Editing and revision process is scheduled in November. For Apri issue, we accept submission from January to February, and editing and revision process is scheduled in March,
  6. The manuscript can be accepted without repair, refurbishment accepted, or rejected, and a rejected article is not returned unless requested by the author.
  7. The length of the scientific manuscripts shall not exceed 3500 words or approximately 10-12 pages, in which the included drawings, graphs or tables (if any) are present.
  8. The terms in a foreign language or regional language in the text are written in italic.

BODY OF MANUSCRIPT:

In general, the structure of scientific articles research results and non-research scientific articles are relatively the same. In the non-research article there is no method part. The structure of the research articles consists of 10 main sections: (1) Title (2) Ownership Line; (3) Abstract; (4) Keywords; (5) Introduction; (6) Research Methods; (7) Results and Discussion; (8) Conclusion; (9) Acknowledgments and (10) References. The structure of non-research scientific articles is divided into 9 main sections namely: (1) Title; (2) Ownership Line; (3) Abstract; (4) Keywords; (5) Introduction; (6) Discussion; (7) Conclusion; (8) Acknowledgments and (9) References. Each section is given an explanation as follows.

a) Title
  1. The title should be concise and informative, no more than 13 words, including the liaison and capital letters at the beginning of each word except the liaison. In order for the title to be short and succinct in 13 words, avoid connecting words and mentioning objects, places or research materials in great detail.
  2. The title contains the key words of the topic under study.
  3. Title in Bahasa and English, in accordance with the language used in the manuscript.
  4. Avoid using abbreviations, formulas and references.

b) Ownership lines (authorship lines)

  1. The ownership line consists of two parts, namely author names and author institutional affiliation.
  2. Student affiliation follows the place where the student is studying.
  3. The names of the authors should be those who actually participate in the planning, execution, analysis of results, discussion, and report writing and academic / functional or bachelor degree positions not included, Cambria 12 fonts, row 1 space.
  4. The name of the institution is listed in full to the country's name, written under the author's name along with the postal address, email and facsimile (if any) for correspondence purposes, Cambria 12 fonts, with 1 spaced line spacing.
  5. If the author is more than one person and comes from a different institution, then all addresses are listed by marking a small letter superscript behind the author's name in sequence.
  6. The name of the correspondence author is marked with an asterisk (*).
  7. Cambria font 12.

c) Abstract

  1. Abstract is written in summary and factual, covering research objectives, research methods, results and conclusions.
  2. The abstract is written in one paragraph; written in two languages (Bahasa and English); abstract lengths ranging from 150 - 200 words.
  3. Avoid unusual referrals and use of abbreviations.
  4. Cambria 10 type font, with single line spacing.

d) Keywords

  1. Keywords consist of 3 to 5 words and / or word groups.
  2. Written in order of urgency of the word.
  3. Between keywords separated by (;).
  4. Avoid many connecting words (and, with, that and others).
  5. Cambria 10 type font, with single line spacing.

e) Introduction

  1. Avoid the sub-sub in the introduction.
  2. Introduction should contain the background of problems, problems and research objectives.
  3. Percentage of page length between 10-15% of the total length of a manuscript.
  4. References are shown by writing the author's family name / last name and year of issue, without page number.
  5. The theoretical basis is displayed in complete, concise, and completely relevant sentences for the purpose of writing scientific articles.

f) Research Methods

  1. Inform briefly about the materials and methods used in the research, including the subjects / materials studied, the tools used, the design of the experiment or the design used, the sampling technique, the variables to be measured, the data retrieval technique, the analysis and the statistical model used.
  2. Avoid writing excessive statistical formulas.
  3. If using a well-known method, name the method name only. If necessary, specify the reference source used as a reference.
  4. For qualitative research, research methods can adjust.

g) Results and Discussion

  1. The format of the results of research and discussion is not separated, considering the number of pages available for the author is limited.
  2. The results can be presented with support tables, graphics or images as needed, to clarify the presentation of results verbally.
  3. Tables and charts or captions are arranged in the form of a phrase (not a sentence) succinctly.
  4. Description of the image / graph is placed under the picture / graph, while the title of the table is placed on it. The title begins with a capital letter.
  5. Do not repeat writing numbers that have been listed in the table in the text of the discussion. If it will emphasize the results obtained should serve in other forms, such as percentage or difference. To show the number in question, just refer to the table that contains the number.
  6. In general international journals do not want statistical languages (such as: different, treatment, etc) written in the discussion. Avoid copy and paste tables of statistical analysis results directly from statistical data processing software.
  7. The discussion material mainly explores whether the results obtained in accordance with the hypothesis or not, and point out the argument.
  8. Referral citation in the discussion should not be too long (if necessary avoid).
  9. Citation results of research or opinions of others should be abstracted and written in the sentence itself (not using the exact same sentence).
  10. A collection of similar research may be referred to in groups 
i) Conclusion
  1. The conclusion should be the answer to the research question, and expressed not in statistical sentences.
  2. Written along one paragraph in essay form, not in numerical form.

h) Acknowledgments (Optional)

  1. Acknowledgments are generally placed after the conclusion.
  2. Contains gratitude to the funding agencies, and or individuals who have assisted in the execution of research and the writing of manuscripts.

j) References

General provision of bibliography:

  1. The references listed in the bibliography are only those references that are actually quoted in the manuscript.
  2. For the research articles, the references are referenced from about 40% of textbooks and 60% of scientific journal articles.
  3. Updates of referenced scientific journals shall be considered, at least as a result of relevant publications in the last 10 years.
  4. The bibliography is arranged alphabetically in alphabetical order of the author's name.
  5. Author's name: the name shown is the final name (surname) of the author followed by the initial (and middle name) abbreviation if any). If the author is more than one person, then the way of writing is the same.
  6. The writing of the reference title begins with a capital letter on each syllable, except for the conjunctive word.
  7. Any writing of the name, year, title of the article and so on ends with a period (.) Before the next word continues. Special writing volume (number) journal is given a colon (:) without spacing.
  8. The manuscript is written with a density of 1 spaces, Cambria 10.
  9. Citation and bibliography, please use mendeley, APA Style.
  10. Examples of writing can be seen in the explanation of each type of literature worth mentioning.

Terms of reference writing by reference type:

If the library source is an article in a scientific journal, it is written in the following order: author's name. year. article title. the name of the journal. Volume (number): page (Journal name is skewed).

Example:

Rahmathulla, V.K., Das P., Ramesh, M. & Rajan, R.K. (2007).  Growth Rate Pattern and Economic Traits of Silkworm Bombyx mori, L under the influence of folic acid administration. J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage. 11(4), 81-84

Suharyanto, A., (2016), Pusat Aktivitas Ritual Kepercayaan Parmalim di Huta Tinggi LagubotiJurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan dan Sosial Politik UMA, 4 (2), 182-195.

If the literature source is a textbook, it is written in the following order: author's name. year. book title. volume (if any). edition (if any). publisher city: publisher name (The title of the book is italicized).

Example:

Arikunto, S. (2002). Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktek. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.

Nawawi, H. (2012). Metode Penelitian Bidang Sosial. Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Press

If the literature source is a translation book written following the sequence: the name of the original author. years of translation. title of translation book. volume (if any). edition (if any). translation. publisher city: publisher name (Book title in italics).

Example:

Bourdieu, P. (2010). Dominasi Maskulin. Terjemahan Stephanus Anwar Herwinarko. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra.

Steel, R.G.D. & Torrie, J.H. (1991). Prinsip dan Prosedur Statistika: Suatu Pendekatan Biometrik. Terjemahan B. Sumantri. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama

If the source of the article in the collection of articles is written in the following order: the name of the author of the article. article title. in: editor name if any followed by Ed (if single) or Eds (if more than one) in parentheses. year. book title. volume (if any). edition (if any). publisher city: publisher name (The title of the book is italicized).

Example:

Ancok, D. Validitas dan Reliabilitas Instrumen Penelitian. dalam:  Singarimbun M dan Efendi (Eds). (1999). Metode penelitian survey. Jakarta: LP3ES

Linz, J & Stephan, A. Some Thought on Decentralization, Devolution and The Many Varieties of Federal Arrangements. In: Jhosua K (Ed). (2001). Crafting Indonesian Democracy. Bandung: Penerbit Mizan

If the source of the article in the proceedings written in the following sequence: the name of the author. year. title of the seminar. title proceedings. the venue of the seminar. the timing of the operation (The article title is italicized).

Example:

Setiawan, D. (2015). Implementasi Pendidikan Karakter di Era GlobalProsiding Penguatan Kompetensi Guru dalam Membangun Karakter Kewarganegaraan di Era Global. Seminar Nasional dalam Rangka Memperingati Hari Guru. Medan 28 November 2015.

If the source of unpublished scientific papers (eg theses, theses, dissertations and research reports), are written in the following order: author's name. year. title of research report. name of research project. city publisher: institution publisher / institution (thesis writing / thesis / dissertation / research report in italics).

Example:

Latifah,S.S. (2011), Perbedaan Kerja Ilmiah Siswa Sekolah Alam dalam Pembelajaran Sains dengan Pendekatan PJBL Yang Terintegrasi, Tesis. Sekolah Pascasarjana Univesitas Pendidikan Indonesia.

Adjuh, R. (2001). Pengaruh Faktor Budaya terhadap Kemiskinan Masyarakat Nelayan di Desa Percut Kabupaten Deli Serdang. Tesis. Sekolah Pascasarjana UNIMED.If the source is an article in a general newspaper / magazine, it is written in the following order: author's name. year. article title. name of newspaper / magazine. city, publication date and page (Article title is italicized).

Example:

Syamsuddin, A. (2008). Penemuan Hukum Ataukah Perilaku Chaos? Kompas. Jakarta. 4 Januari. Hlm.16

Kukuh, A. (2008). Obsesi Pendidikan Gratis Di Semarang. Suara Merdeka. Semarang 5 Maret. Hlm. L

If the library source is an online journal article, it is written in sequence: author's name. year. article title. the name of the journal. volume (number): page (The name of the journal is italicized).

Example:

Ernada, S.E. (2005). Challenges to The Modern Concept of Human Rights. J. Sosial-Politika. 6(11): 1-12

Siregar, N.S.S. (2016). Tingkat Kesadaran Masyarakat Nelayan terhadap Pendidikan Anak, Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan dan Sosial Politik UMA, 4 (1): 1-10.

If the library source is an online article (internet) with no published place and publisher, it is written in the following order: author's name. year. article title. Downloaded at website date address (Article title is italicized).

Example:

Hariyanto, M, (2012). Ilmu Sosial dan Hegemoni Barat: Tantangan Bagi Ilmuan Sosial MuslimDiunduh di http://muhsinhar.staff.umy.ac.id/ilmu-sosial-dan-hegemoni-barat-tantangan-bagi-ilmuan-sosial-muslim/ tanggal 09 Juli 2017

Levy, M. (2000). Environmental scarcity and violent conflict: a debate. Diunduh di http://wwics.si.edu/organiza/affil/WWICS/PROGRAMS/DIS/ECS/report2/debate.htm tanggal 4 Juli.

 

Publication Ethic and Malpractic Statements

  • Our ethic statements are based on COPE’s Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors.

    Hasil gambar untuk committee on publication ethics logo

    Publication decisions
    The editor is responsible for deciding which of the articles submitted to the journal should be published.
    The editor may be guided by the policies of the journal's editorial board and constrained by such legal requirements as shall then be in force regarding libel, copyright infringement and plagiarism. The editor may confer with other editors or reviewers in making this decision.

    Fair play
    An editor at any time evaluate manuscripts for their intellectual content without regard to race, gender, sexual orientation, religious belief, ethnic origin, citizenship, or political philosophy of the authors.

    Confidentiality
    The editor and any editorial staff must not disclose any information about a submitted manuscript to anyone other than the corresponding author, reviewers, potential reviewers, other editorial advisers, and the publisher, as appropriate.

    Disclosure and conflicts of interest
    Unpublished materials disclosed in a submitted manuscript must not be used in an editor's own research without the express written consent of the author.

    Duties of Reviewers

    Contribution to Editorial Decisions
    Peer review assists the editor in making editorial decisions and through the editorial communications with the author may also assist the author in improving the paper.

    Promptness
    Any selected referee who feels unqualified to review the research reported in a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.

    Confidentiality
    Any manuscripts received for review must be treated as confidential documents. They must not be shown to or discussed with others except as authorized by the editor.

    Standards of Objectivity
    Reviews should be conducted objectively. Personal criticism of the author is inappropriate. Referees should express their views clearly with supporting arguments.

    Acknowledgement of Sources
    Reviewers should identify relevant published work that has not been cited by the authors. Any statement that an observation, derivation, or argument had been previously reported should be accompanied by the relevant citation. A reviewer should also call to the editor's attention any substantial similarity or overlap between the manuscript under consideration and any other published paper of which they have personal knowledge.

    Disclosure and Conflict of Interest
    Privileged information or ideas obtained through peer review must be kept confidential and not used for personal advantage. Reviewers should not consider manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships or connections with any of the authors, companies, or institutions connected to the papers.

    Duties of Authors

    Reporting standards
    Authors of reports of original research should present an accurate account of the work performed as well as an objective discussion of its significance. Underlying data should be represented accurately in the paper. A paper should contain sufficient detail and references to permit others to replicate the work. Fraudulent or knowingly inaccurate statements constitute unethical behavior and are unacceptable.

    Originality and Plagiarism
    The authors should ensure that they have written entirely original works, and if the authors have used the work and/or words of others that this has been appropriately cited or quoted.

    Multiple, Redundant or Concurrent Publication
    An author should not in general publish manuscripts describing essentially the same research in more than one journal or primary publication. Submitting the same manuscript to more than one journal concurrently constitutes unethical publishing behaviour and is unacceptable.

    Acknowledgement of Sources
    Proper acknowledgment of the work of others must always be given. Authors should cite publications that have been influential in determining the nature of the reported work.

    Authorship of the Paper
    Authorship should be limited to those who have made a significant contribution to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation of the reported study. All those who have made significant contributions should be listed as co-authors. Where there are others who have participated in certain substantive aspects of the research project, they should be acknowledged or listed as contributors.

    The corresponding author should ensure that all appropriate co-authors and no inappropriate co-authors are included on the paper, and that all co-authors have seen and approved the final version of the paper and have agreed to its submission for publication.

    Disclosure and Conflicts of Interest
    All authors should disclose in their manuscript any financial or other substantive conflict of interest that might be construed to influence the results or interpretation of their manuscript. All sources of financial support for the project should be disclosed.

    Fundamental errors in published works
    When an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in his/her own published work, it is the author’s obligation to promptly notify the journal editor or publisher and cooperate with the editor to retract or correct the paper.