Representasi Ideologi Komunisme dalam Perspektif Aktivis Mahasiswa (Studi Life History pada Mahasiswa Universitas di Jawa Barat)

Abstract

Ideologi komunisme kerap jadi momok yang menakutkan bagi masyarakat Indonesia. Komunisme dinarasikan tidak pernah jauh dari ateisme, sikap keji, dan biadab. Tendensi anti-komunis semacam ini lahir dari doktrin politik Orde Baru yang terlembagakan lewat karya seni, sastra, dan pendidikan formal masyarakat. Melalui studi life history, penelitian ini mengupas persepsi generasi mahasiswa yang seumur hidupnya tak pernah berada di bawah naungan pemerintah Orde Baru secara langsung, tetapi masih kerap berjumpa dengan narasi anti-komunis gubahan negara. Selain itu, generasi mahasiswa juga hidup beriringan dengan derasnya arus informasi, sehingga memungkinkan untuk mereka menerima narasi alternatif yang bersifat netral maupun kontra terhadap versi negara. Hasilnya, persepsi yang mereka miliki umumnya bersifat dinamis dan terus bergerak, mengikuti arus keterbukaan informasi. Perjumpaan pertama mahasiswa dengan ideologi komunisme melalui kewajiban menonton film Pengkhianatan G30S/PKI selalu meninggalkan kesan buruk di dalam benak mereka terhadap ideologi komunisme. Meski begitu, seiring dengan munculnya berbagai narasi alternatif kontra Orde Baru, perlahan mahasiswa mulai mempertanyakan keabsahan representasi ideologi komunisme yang selama ini banyak beredar di Indonesia, bahwasanya komunisme tak lebih daripada ateisme dan kebiadaban.

Communism has often been deemed as a latent danger by the people of Indonesia. The ideology itself has always been spoken in a pejorative manner and commonly associated with diabolic entities, atheism, brutality and atrocity. Such popular anti-communistic tendencies derived from political doctrines during the New Order Era (Orde Baru), established within formal institutions, art works, literatures, and education. This study aims to unravel and examine the perception of the current generation of college students who never have lived the experience of the New Order’s governance but are affected by the resonance of its anti-communist doctrines. Results show that there is a dynamic and shifting perceptions among students due to the current wave of information disclosure. The students’ first encounter with ideology of communism is through a docudrama entitled Pengkhianatan G30S/PKI which narrates the Communist Party of Indonesia as the mastermind behind the coup and assassination of six Indonesian Army generals. The docudrama perpetuated the impression of the Indonesian Communist Party as a diabolical entity among thousands of Indonesians, as it did to young Indonesian Students interviewed in this study. Nevertheless, as time went by and accessibility of information progressed, alternative narratives that contradict the New Order anti-communist doctrines were beginning to resurface and cause the students to question the validity of popular anti-communistic notion that has been enforced by the New Order’s government into lives of Indonesians and the nation’s history.