Siapa Kita? Sebuah Kritik Representasi dalam Etnografi

Moh. Faiz Maulana

Abstract


Tulisan ini mencoba mengkritisi ide tentang representasi dan generalisasi yang ada dalam karya etnografi. Kritik yang dilontarkan adalah bahwa dalam penggambaran etnografis yang ditulis para peneliti mengalami bias dan tidak bisa dipercaya, karena disiplin-disiplin akademis mereka muncul dari sebuah periode sejarah Eropa yang ditandai oleh penjajahan dan pengetahuan yang dihasilkan dianggap sebagai motor bagi mesin-mesin dominasi “Barat”. Perdebatan yang timbul belakangan ini terfokus pada pertanyaan apakah etnografer sebagai “subjek-subjek” partikular itu mampu menghasilkan gambaran-gambaran kebudayaan dan the others yang andal dan obyektif. Di sini teks-teks dalam karya etnografi berperan sebagai pengantar atau pembuka terhadap wacana dan perdebatan tentang ide-ide representasi dan generalisasi dalam karya etnografi. Selanjutnya penulis melakukan analisis dan interpretasi menggunakan pemikiran James Clifford dan Lila Abu-Lughod tentang teori dekolonialisasi dalam antropologi. Interpretasi dilakukan dengan menarasikan kritik ke dalam wacana atau diskursus tentang ide-ide tentang representasi dan generalisasi dalam karya etnografi.

 

This paper tries to criticize the ideas about representation and generalization that exist in ethnographic works. The criticism leveled is that in ethnographic descriptions written by researchers is biased and unreliable, because their academic disciplines emerged from a period of European history marked by colonialism and the knowledge it produced was seen as the engine for “Western” domination machines. Recent debates have focused on the question of whether ethnographers as particular “subjects” are capable of producing reliable and objective images of culture and the others. Here the texts in ethnographic works act as introductions or openings to discourses and debates about representational ideas and generalizations in ethnographic works. Next, the author analyzes and interprets using the thoughts of James Clifford and Lila Abu-Lughod on the theory of decolonization in anthropology. Interpretation is done by narrating criticism into discourse or discourse about ideas about representation and generalizations in ethnographic works.


Keywords


representasi; etnografi; dekolonialisasi; antropologi

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References


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24114/antro.v10i1.47337

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Anthropos: Jurnal Antropologi Sosial dan Budaya (Journal Of Social and Cultural Anthropology)
Program Studi Pendidikan Antropologi, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial, Universitas Negeri Medan
Universitas Negeri Medan, Jalan Willem Iskandar, Pasar V, Medan Estate, Sumatera Utara dan Email: anthropos@unimed.ac.id
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ISSN 2460 4585 (Print), ISSN: 2460 4593 (Online)