The Effect of Acid Activator Type on Character Biochar from Coconut Shell as a Heterogeneous Catalyst Carrier
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24114/ijcst.v9i1.72432Keywords:
biochar, coconut shell, acid activation, heterogeneous catalyst, surface areaAbstract
This study examines the effect of acid activators (H₃PO₄, H₂SO₄, and HCl) on the characteristics of coconut shell biochar as a heterogeneous catalyst carrier. Biochar was produced through pyrolysis at 500°C, 2M acid activation at 60°C, and calcination at 550°C, then characterized using TGA, FTIR, XRD, and BET. Acid activation increased the surface area from 4.025 m²/g to 369.335 m²/g (HCl), 359.557 m²/g (H₃PO₄), and 324.938 m²/g (H₂SO₄). FTIR showed modification of P-O, S=O, and hydroxyl-carbonyl functional groups. The crystal structure remained amorphous with HCl producing the highest intensity. HCl gave the best results with a surface area of 369.335 m²/g, a micropore area of 631.7 m²/g, and superior thermal stability (mass loss of 0.587 mg), indicating potential as a heterogeneous catalyst carrier.References
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