Preparation and Characterization of Biochar from Coconut Shells with The Addition of Cu Metal as a Heterogeneous Catalyst
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24114/ijcst.v9i1.72434Keywords:
biochar, coconut shell, copper catalyst, KOH activation, steam reformingAbstract
Biochar is a carbon-rich solid produced by pyrolyzing biomass in the absence of oxygen. This study prepared and characterized coconut shell biochar modified with copper (Cu) as a heterogeneous catalyst. Coconut shells were selected for their high carbon content and porous structure. Biochar was produced by pyrolysis at 500 °C for 2 h under nitrogen, activated with KOH (1:4 w/w), and calcined at 500 °C. Copper was introduced by impregnating the activated biochar with a Cu(NO₃)₂·6H₂O solution, stirring for 5 h, followed by calcination at 500 °C. Characterization using FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX, and BET identified functional groups, crystal structure, morphology, elemental composition, and surface area. Results indicate that Cu addition enhances functional group intensity, sharpens XRD peaks, increases surface area, and promotes more uniform pore distribution. These changes suggest improved catalytic potential for biomass conversion, particularly in steam reforming applications.References
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