The Effect of Alkaline Base Activator Type on Biochar Character of Coconut Shell as a Heterogeneous Catalyst Support
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24114/ijcst.v9i1.72439Keywords:
biochar, coconut shell, alkaline activator, heterogeneous catalystAbstract
Biochar derived from coconut shells shows promise as a support for heterogeneous catalysts. This study evaluated the effectiveness of alkaline activators (KOH 2 M, NaOH 2 M, and Ca(OH)₂ 2 M) in enhancing biochar properties. Biochar was produced by pyrolysis at 500 °C for 2 h, followed by chemical activation and calcination at the same temperature. The materials were characterized using FTIR, XRD, TGA, and Surface Area Analysis. Results indicate that alkaline activation modifies the biochar surface by increasing O–H, C=O, and C–O functional groups, improving polarity and adsorption capacity. The samples were predominantly amorphous and thermally stable, with minimal mass loss (0.149 mg). Among the activators tested, NaOH 2 M was the most effective, yielding a surface area of 306.233 m²/g, pore volume of 1.841 cc/g, and pore diameter of 1.202 nm. These properties suggest that NaOH-activated coconut shell biochar is a suitable carrier material for catalytic applications.References
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