Determination of Lead (Pb) Content in Commercial Fruit Juice Drinks Using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy with Standard Addition Method
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24114/ijcst.v9i2.76235Abstract
Lead (Pb) is one of the most hazardous heavy metals that may contaminate fruit juice through environmental pollution, raw materials, processing, and packaging. Continuous exposure to Pb poses significant health risks due to its cumulative toxicity. This study aimed to determine the Pb concentration in commercially packaged fruit juice using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Samples were prepared by wet digestion using nitric acid, followed by Pb determination employing the standard addition method to minimize matrix interference. The analytical method was evaluated through linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), precision, and accuracy. The calibration curve exhibited excellent linearity within the investigated concentration range. The Pb concentration in the analyzed sample was found to be 0.15 mg kg⁻¹, which is below the maximum permissible limit established by the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 3719:2014). The method showed satisfactory analytical performance with an LOD of 0.1773 mg L⁻¹, an LOQ of 0.5910 mg L⁻¹, a relative percent difference (RPD) of 2.33%, and a recovery of 105.73%. These results demonstrate that the standard-addition AAS method provides a reliable quantitative determination of Pb in fruit juice matrices.
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