JURNAL BIOSAINS
type: channel
description: Information Journal Journal Title is JBIO (Jurnal biosains) : the journal of biosciences. This journal is set as journal national accredited with a grade on level SINTA 4 by the Ministry Research and Technology/National Research and Innovation Agency (RISTEKBRIN) Indonesia. The journal is published in both print and online versions 3 times per year (March, August and December). The online version is free access. JBIO (Jurnal biosains) : the journal of biosciences. (pISSN 2443-1230 e-ISSN 2460-6804) is an open-access journal, peer-reveiwed managed by Biology Department and published by Universitas Negeri Medan. DOI Prefix 10.24114. JBIO (Jurnal biosains) : the journal of biosciences. well indexed scientific journal seeks to promote and disseminate the knowledge of biological sciences by publishing outstanding research in the field. Review process double blind review. It publishes original research, applied, and review articles in botany, zoology, cell biology, ecology, microbiology, genetics, immunology, biosytematic, developmental biology, biochemistry, molecular biology. Submit your best paper to JBIO via online submission system.
publisher: Universitas Negeri Medan
language: en
publication name: JURNAL BIOSAINS
issn: 2443-1230
copyright: For Authors Jurnal Biosains agree to the following terms: Authors retain copyright and grant the Jurnal Biosains (JBIO) right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) and adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material) the work for any purpose, even commercially with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in JBIO (Jurnal Biosains) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in JBIO (Jurnal Biosains) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
items: Diversity and Morphological Characteristics of the Family Anacardiaceae in Percut Sei Tuan District, Deli Serdang Regency
items: The Diversity Of Macrozoobenthos On The Coastal Areas Of Batu Bara Regency
items: GC–MS and HPLC Characterization of Amino and Fatty Acid Composition in Two Locally Produced Complementary Foods for Infants in Calabar, Nigeria
items: Nutrient Evaluation of an Enteral formula Compounded from Soya Bean (Glycine max), Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana), and Red Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
items: Total Plate Count (Tpc) Test And Contamination Of Coliform Escherichia Coli And Salmonella Sp. Bacteria In Cucumulawak Jamu In Traditional Markets In Medan City
items: Avian Diversity as a basis for developing Birdwatching Ecotourism in the Industrial Landscape of PT Indonesia Asahan Aluminium (PT Inalum), North Sumatra, Indonesia
items: The Effect of Date Fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Consumption on Autonomic Nerve Function and Hot Flash Manifestations in Menopausal Women
items: The Effect of Okra Powder Fortification on the Proximate Composition and Glycemic Index of Rice as a Low-Sugar Staple Food for Individuals with Diabetes
items: Physical Characterization of Bioplastics Made from Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis) Peel Waste Pectin and Pandan Leaf (Pandanus amaryllifolius) Cellulose
items: Effectiveness of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) as an Ethnomedicine Based Anticancer Agent through Teratogenic Risk Testing
items: Ethnozoology of Malay Tribe in Bagan Serdang Village, Pantai Labu District
items: Growth Response Of Green Beans (Phaseolus radiatus) To Watering Intervals
items: Investigation of Melaleuca leucadendron L. from South Sumatra: Phytochemicals and IC50-Based Antioxidant Potential
items: Efectiveness Of Carica papaya Seeds Ethanol Extract With Metronidazole Against Porphyromonas gingivalis In Antibacterial And Antibiofilm Activity
items: Antioxidant Activity Test of Extract And Fractions of Red Guava (Psidium guajava L.) Peel and Fruit
items: Formulation of Java Acid Leaves (Tamarindus indica L.) Etanol Extract Salep Devices With Absorption, Hydrocarbon, Water Solution and Water Washable Basis (O/W Emulsion)
items: The Effect Of Liquid Organic Fertilizer Application On The Growth Of Biograss (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Biograss)
items: Identifying Sibutramine in Slimming Herbs Sold Online
items: Comparison Cytological Staining Results of Pleural Effusion with Delayed Time Without Alcohol Fixative and With Alcohol Fixative
items: Optimization and Evaluation of Noni Leaf Skin Softening Lotion Preparation (Morinda Citrifolia L.)
items: The Effectiveness of Aloe Vera Extract as A Natural Ingredient in Reducing Hair Loss
items: Antibacterial Activity Test of Breadfulness Leaf Extract Plaster Preparation ( Artocarpus altilis ) In Vitro and In Vivo In The Treatment of Mice Cut Wounds
items: Antibacterial Activity Of Ethanol Extract And Methanol Extract Of Guava Leaves (Psidium guajava L.) Againts Staphylococcus aureus
items: Antibacterial Activity Of Nutmeg Seed (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) Methanol Extract Against The Growth Of Staphylococcus aureus and Eschericia coli
items: Temperature Effects on Jembrana Superficial Unit (JSU) Recombinant Protein Expression in Escherichia coli BL21
items: Identification of Secondary Metabolites of Kirinyuh Leaves (Chromolaena odorata L.) as Antibacterial Using GS-MS
items: THE EFFECT OF GIVING FERMENTED SAGO DRAIN IN THE RATION ON THE QUALITY OF PEKING DUCK CARCASSES
items: PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ECO-ENZYME DERIVED FROM DURIAN ALBEDO AS A SOLUTION FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT
items: GC-MS ANALYSIS OF SECONDARY METABOLITES OF SENGGANI LEAVES (Melastoma malabatrichum L.)
items: Analysis of Secondary Metbaolite Content of Ethanol Extract of Biden Pilosa L. Leaves which has the Potential as an Antibacterial

Diversity and Morphological Characteristics of the Family Anacardiaceae in Percut Sei Tuan District, Deli Serdang Regency
type: item
description: The Anacardiaceae family holds significant ecological and economic value in tropical Asia, including Indonesia, as a source of fruits, timber, and valuable secondary metabolites. This study aimed to identify and describe the species diversity and morphological characteristics of Anacardiaceae in Percut Sei Tuan District, Deli Serdang Regency. The research was conducted from December 2025 to February 2026 using a descriptive exploratory method involving field observation, specimen collection, and morphological analysis. Sampling followed the exploration method of Rugayah et al., while morphological observations were based on de Vogel and Rifai. Species identification was conducted using taxonomic literature from the Anacardiaceae series of Flora Malesiana and herbarium specimens. The results recorded five species of Anacardiaceae: Mangifera indica, Mangifera odorata, Mangifera foetida, Anacardium occidentale, and Spondias dulcis. Mangifera indica was the most dominant species, comprising seven cultivated cultivars. Species differentiation was based on vegetative and generative morphological traits, including leaf type, shape, apex, texture, inflorescence type, fruit, and seed characteristics. The findings indicate relatively high diversity of Anacardiaceae in the study area, particularly within the genus Mangifera, influenced by environmental variation and human cultivation practices.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Anacardiaceae; diversity; mango; morphology; Percut Sei Tuan
  topic: keywords
creator: Eka Setiawan
creator: Muliawati Muliawati
creator: Ashar Hasairin
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Eka Setiawan, Muliawati Muliawati, Ashar Hasairin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-30
publication date: 2026-03-30
starting page: 98
ending page: 109
doi: 10.24114/jbio.v12i1.73400

The Diversity Of Macrozoobenthos On The Coastal Areas Of Batu Bara Regency
type: item
description: Research of the diversity macrozoobenthos in Batu Bara Regency is crucial to identify the current condition of coastal ecosystems. This information can provide an overview of water quality, resource sustainability status, and serve as a basis for better planning and management of coastal areas. This research is also expected to serve as a reference for developing strategies to mitigate the negative impacts of human activities on coastal ecosystems, ensuring the balance of ecosystems and the preservation of biodiversity. This research will be analyze diversity and abundance (ind/ha) of macrozoobenthos, ecological index data and physical environmental factors and substrate characteristics. The diversity of macrozoobenthos at Sujono Beach, Sejarah Beach, and Kresek Beach consists of three phyla, six classes, and 28 species. The abundance of macrozoobenthos at Sujono Beach is 2459 ind/m3, at Sejarah Beach is 1525 ind/m3, and at Kresek Beach is 1218 ind/m3. The species richness index, diversity index, and evenness index of macrozoobenthos at all three beaches fall into the moderate category, while in the dominance index, none of the beaches have dominating species. The substrate characteristics at Sujono Beach have a sandy clay texture, while at Sejarah Beach and Kresek Beach, they have a dusty clay texture.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Macrozoobenthos, Diversity, coastal areas, Ecological index
  topic: keywords
creator: Tengku Gilang Pradana
creator: Chairunas Adha Putra
creator: Mustaqim Mustaqim
creator: Rini Hafzari
creator: Rizal Mukra
creator: Friends Silaban
creator: Muammar Muammar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 biologi unimed; Chairunas Adha Putra, Mustaqim Mustaqim, Rini Hafzari, Rizal Mukra, Friends Silaban, Muammar Muammar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-14
publication date: 2026-01-14
starting page: 35
ending page: 43
doi: 10.24114/jbio.v10i3.72139

GC–MS and HPLC Characterization of Amino and Fatty Acid Composition in Two Locally Produced Complementary Foods for Infants in Calabar, Nigeria
type: item
description: Complementary foods are important foods for ensuring optimal nutrition and growth in infants and young children. They are expected to fill the nutritional gaps that arise when breast milk alone no longer meets the child's dietary needs However, the nutritional adequacy of homemade complementary foods, which are commonly used in many developing countries, is often deficient in important nutrients. This study evaluated the amino acid and fatty acid compositions of two indigenously formulated complementary foods designed for infants in Calabar, Nigeria. The formulations were produced using locally available ingredients: Blend A (rice, egg yolk, apple, and banana) and Blend B (rice, Titus fish, avocado pear, and banana). Amino acid and fatty acid profiles were analyzed using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) respectively. Results revealed that Blend A contained higher total fatty acids, dominated by oleic acid (89,700 ppm), linolenic acid (82,500 ppm), and linoleic acid (46,800 ppm), while Blend B exhibited more diverse amino acid composition, with phenylalanine (39.72 mg/100 g) and tryptophan (12.13 mg/100 g) as major essential amino acids. Both blends contained physiologically important fatty acids such as linoleic, α-linolenic, arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic (EPA), and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids, crucial for infant development. The combined findings indicate that these locally formulated diets provide balanced macronutrient quality comparable to recommended dietary standards. The study establishes the potential of indigenous food resources as sustainable, cost-effective, and nutritionally adequate alternatives for complementary feeding and the prevention of childhood malnutrition in low-income settings.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Complementary food, Amino acids, Fatty acids, GC–MS, HPLC, Infant nutrition, Indigenous formulation
  topic: keywords
creator: Gregory Elayeche Oko
creator: Chibuzor Onyinye Okonkwo
creator: Sunday Nnamdi Okonkwo
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Gregory Elayeche Oko, Chibuzor Onyinye Okonkwo, Sunday Nnamdi Okonkwo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-30
publication date: 2026-03-30
starting page: 50
ending page: 63
doi: 10.24114/4d1qqw35

Nutrient Evaluation of an Enteral formula Compounded from Soya Bean (Glycine max), Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana), and Red Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
type: item
description: The high cost and limited availability of commercial enteral formulas in resource-poor settings like Nigeria necessitate the development of nutritious, affordable, and locally-sourced alternatives. Soybean, finger millet, and red sorghum are underutilized and locally available crops with exceptional nutritional profiles suitable for compounding enteral feeds for clinical nutrition. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate the nutrient composition of enteral feed powders compounded from blends of soybean, finger millet, and red sorghum. Mixed samples of soybean, finger millet, and red sorghum were purchased from the different markets in Cross River State. Nigeria and processed using various local methods (fermentation, roasting, and sprouting). The processed flours were combined in 30: 70 ratios to create distinct compounded formulations. The proximate composition (moisture, ash, crude protein, fat, dietary fibre, and carbohydrates) and mineral content (Mg, Fe, Ca, Zn, K, Mn, etc.) were determined using standard AOAC methods and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26. Results showed that soybean-based formulations were significantly higher in protein (28.68–34.82%), fat (16.64–23.58%), and dietary fibre (19.01–23.13%), while cereal-based formulations recorded higher carbohydrates (65.74–74.06%). Sprouting significantly enhanced the mineral density of the cereals, particularly calcium in finger millet (406.69 mg/100g) and iron in red sorghum (6.16 mg/100g). The final blended formulations (F1–F6) showed balanced profiles, with protein content ranging from 14.66% to 16.01% and enhanced mineral levels, especially in formulations containing sprouted ingredients. Blending soybean, finger millet, and red sorghum can produce nutritionally rich, cost-effective, and locally sustainable enteral feed powders. These formulations showed a viable alternative to imported commercial products, potentially improving nutrition s…
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Enteral nutrition, hospital malnutrition, nutrient-dense crops, sustainable therapeutic feeds.
  topic: keywords
creator: Gregory Elayeche Oko
creator: Joseph Odolomarun Akuirene
creator: Emmanuel Ofem Egom
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Gregory Elayeche Oko, Joseph Odolomarun Akuirene, Emmanuel Ofem Egom https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-30
publication date: 2026-03-30
starting page: 71
ending page: 89
doi: 10.24114/hhzw8920

Total Plate Count (Tpc) Test And Contamination Of Coliform Escherichia Coli And Salmonella Sp. Bacteria In Cucumulawak Jamu In Traditional Markets In Medan City
type: item
description: Jamu is a traditional Indonesian drink derived from plants that are efficacious for use in efforts to maintain health and cure diseases. However, because the manufacturing process is still simple, jamu is at high risk of contamination by microorganisms such as fungi and pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. This study aims to determine the presence of Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. Coliform contamination in Javanese turmeric herbal medicine sold in traditional markets. This study is based on the simple process of making jamu using hands, unclean clothes from jamu makers, and unclean processing areas, this will increase the risk of contamination and result in jamu being contaminated by microorganisms that can endanger consumer health. Data collection techniques use testing and counting of bacterial colonies with the TPC (Total Plate Count) method and Escherichia coli bacteria with the MPN (Most Probable Number) method which consists of Presumptive Test, Confirmatory Test and Complementary Test. The results of the analysis showed that in the TPC (Total Plate Count) test, three of the five samples, namely Sp 1, Sp 3 and Sp 4, showed results that were suitable for consumption because the TPC (Total Plate Count) value did not exceed the maximum limit of BPOM 2019 and two of the five samples, namely Sp 2 and Sp 5, showed results that were not suitable for consumption because they exceeded the maximum limit of BPOM 2019.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Coliform Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., Jamu Temulawak.
  topic: keywords
creator: Tarisa Adma
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Tarisa Adma https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-01
publication date: 2026-01-01
starting page: 39
ending page: 46
doi: 10.24114/jbio.v11i3.70036

Avian Diversity as a basis for developing Birdwatching Ecotourism in the Industrial Landscape of PT Indonesia Asahan Aluminium (PT Inalum), North Sumatra, Indonesia
type: item
description: Industrial landscapes are often perceived as degraded environments with limited ecological value. However, when managed responsibly, such areas can contribute to biodiversity conservation and environmental education. This study investigated the diversity, conservation status, and ecotourism potential of birds in the operational areas of PT Indonesia Asahan Aluminium (PT Inalum), located in Batu Bara Regency, North Sumatra. Bird surveys were conducted from August 2023 to May 2024 across three habitat types: residential green areas, plantation and shrub habitats, and coastal–mudflat zones. Data were collected through direct visual observations, supported by photographic documentation and sound recordings. Species identification followed Eaton et al. (2021), and conservation status was assessed using the IUCN Red List and Indonesian national protection regulations. A total of 103 bird species belonging to 41 families were recorded. Of these, 22 species are legally protected in Indonesia, and one species is listed as Endangered globally, the Milky Stork Mycteria cinerea. The study also documented 31 migratory species and several breeding records, including Nisaetus Limnaeetus, Pycnonotus analis, Treron vernans, Ploceus philippinus, and Merops philippinus, indicating the site’s importance for both resident and migratory populations. The diversity and breeding activity suggest that PT Inalum’s managed habitats provide suitable ecological conditions for birds despite industrial operations. These findings demonstrate that corporate-managed lands can serve as complementary conservation habitats and highlight their potential for birdwatching-based ecotourism and environmental education. Establishing a continuous monitoring program, strengthening wildlife management capacity, and developing interpretive facilities are recommended to enhance conservation outcomes and promote sustainable industry biodiversity integration.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Avifauna, Corporate Sustainability, Birdwatching Ecotourism, Industrial Landscape.
  topic: keywords
creator: Gilang Pradana
creator: Chairunas Adha Putra
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Gilang Pradana, Chairunas Adha Putra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-30
publication date: 2026-03-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 14
doi: 10.24114/qkd7d251

The Effect of Date Fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Consumption on Autonomic Nerve Function and Hot Flash Manifestations in Menopausal Women
type: item
description: Menopause is a natural phase in a woman’s life marked by decreased estrogen levels and symptoms such as hot flashes, which are linked to autonomic nervous system dysfunction. Hot flashes cause sudden heat sensations, sweating, flushing, and palpitations that can disrupt daily life. Date fruit is rich in antioxidants and phytoestrogens, making it a potential non-hormonal alternative to alleviate menopausal symptoms. This study aimed to analyze the effect of date fruit consumption on autonomic nerve function and hot flash manifestations in menopausal women. A quasi-experimental pretest–posttest control group design was used, involving menopausal women aged 45–60 years experiencing hot flashes at Midwife Hj. Dewi Sesmera’s Clinic, Medan City, North Sumatra. Participants were selected using purposive sampling. The intervention group consumed 50 grams of date fruit daily for eight weeks. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. Autonomic nerve function was measured using the COMPASS-31 (Composite Autonomic Symptom Score-31), and hot flash frequency and intensity were assessed with the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS). Statistical analysis employed a paired t-test (p < 0.05) using SPSS version 24. Results showed that while improvement in autonomic nerve function was not statistically significant, the frequency and intensity of hot flashes significantly decreased in the intervention group.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Autonomic Nerve Function; Hot Flashes; Menopause; Date Fruit
  topic: keywords
creator: Winda Maulinasari Nasution
creator: Siti Maryam Hasibuan
creator: Lanny Apriani
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Winda Maulinasari Nasution, Siti Maryam Hasibuan, Lanny Apriani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-30
publication date: 2026-03-30
starting page: 33
ending page: 42
doi: 10.24114/mymr1g24

The Effect of Okra Powder Fortification on the Proximate Composition and Glycemic Index of Rice as a Low-Sugar Staple Food for Individuals with Diabetes
type: item
description: The number of individuals with diabetes in Indonesia continues to rise, largely due to the habitual consumption of rice with a high glycemic index that triggers blood glucose spikes. Since rice is an essential part of the Indonesian diet, a practical solution is needed to lower its glycemic impact. This study aimed to analyze the effect of okra powder fortification on the proximate composition and glycemic index of rice as a low-sugar staple food for individuals with diabetes. The research was conducted experimentally using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 50 respondents. Treatments included two controls (fasting and rice without okra) and three fortification levels: 5 g, 10 g, and 15 g of okra powder per 100 g of rice. Proximate analysis covered moisture, ash, protein, fat, and carbohydrate content, while sensory evaluation used a hedonic test. Blood glucose levels were measured at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after consumption, and data were analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Results showed that rice fortified with 15 g of okra powder had higher viscosity, reduced glucose absorption, and a lower glycemic index. The product was well accepted in taste, though texture refinement is still needed.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Fortification; okra; diabetes; rice; low sugar
  topic: keywords
creator: Nindya Anggiani Sembiring
creator: Doli Fadly Harahap
creator: Syarifah Riska Mela Putri
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Nindya Anggiani Sembiring, Doli Fadly Harahap, Syarifah Riska Mela Putri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-30
publication date: 2026-03-30
starting page: 15
ending page: 24
doi: 10.24114/eaav2050

Physical Characterization of Bioplastics Made from Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis) Peel Waste Pectin and Pandan Leaf (Pandanus amaryllifolius) Cellulose
type: item
description: One effort to reduce environmental pollution is developing bioplastics from organic waste, such as pectin from sweet orange peel (Citrus sinensis) and cellulose from fragrant pandan leaves (Pandanus amaryllifolius). Pectin, a polysaccharide from orange peel, and cellulose from pandan leaves can produce biodegradable plastics easily decomposed by soil microorganisms. This study addresses the growing issue of plastic waste accumulation by creating eco-friendly packaging alternatives. Utilizing orange peel and pandan leaves aligns with the circular economy concept by turning food waste into valuable materials. The research aims to reduce plastic pollution and process organic waste into bioplastics based on pectin and cellulose. An experimental laboratory design using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was applied with pectin concentrations of 1 g, 2 g, and 3 g, each repeated three times. The formulation also included 1 g of pandan cellulose, carrageenan (0.8 g) as a stabilizer, and glycerol (2%) as a plasticizer. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA in SPSS 24. Results showed that increasing pectin concentration enhanced bioplastic thickness, reduced water absorption, and accelerated degradation over four weeks, indicating improved biodegradable performance.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Bioplastic; pectin; cellulose; waste management; biodegradable
  topic: keywords
creator: Gabriella Marry Ayu
creator: Nikmatul Khoiriah Harahap
creator: Syarifah Riska Mela Putri
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Gabriella Marry Ayu, Nikmatul Khoiriah Harahap, Syarifah Riska Mela Putri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-30
publication date: 2026-03-30
starting page: 90
ending page: 97
doi: 10.24114/nrt8fk52

Effectiveness of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) as an Ethnomedicine Based Anticancer Agent through Teratogenic Risk Testing
type: item
description: Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) contains lectin compounds known for their potential anticancer properties. However, limited research has examined its possible teratogenic effects—adverse impacts that may cause fetal abnormalities. The urgency of this study lies in assessing the safety of okra extract as a natural anticancer candidate. This research aimed to evaluate the teratogenic effects of okra fruit extract using an in vivo model as a preliminary step toward developing safe ethnomedicine-based anticancer agents. The study employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with one control and three treatment groups. Female mice (Mus musculus L., DDW strain) received 2%, 4%, and 6% ethanol extracts of okra orally at a dose of 0.01 mL/g body weight daily from gestation days 0–10. The control group received no extract. Observations included maternal and fetal body weights, number of fetuses, liver morphology, and congenital malformations such as cleft palate and hydrocephalus. Data were analyzed using ANOVA (p < 0.05) followed by Bonferroni Post Hoc tests in SPSS version 23. The results showed that okra extract significantly affected maternal weight, fetal number, and fetal weight, as well as liver morphology and cleft palate incidence. These findings indicate that although okra exhibits anticancer potential, its teratogenic risks must be carefully evaluated.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Okra; cancer; ethnomedicine; teratogenic; lectin
  topic: keywords
creator: Syarifah Riska Mela Putri
creator: Rahmi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Syarifah Riska Mela Putri, Rahmi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-30
publication date: 2026-03-30
starting page: 25
ending page: 32
doi: 10.24114/ca2cfa79

Ethnozoology of Malay Tribe in Bagan Serdang Village, Pantai Labu District
type: item
description: Bagan Serdang Village is one of the villages in the Pantai Labu District, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province. This coastal area boasts abundant natural resources, including seafood, tourism, agriculture, and fisheries. The aim of this research is to uncover, analyze and synthesize the believe (cosmos) and local knowledge (corpus) of the Malay community in Bagan Serdang Village in processing and utilizing (praxis) animal around the coast. This type of research is an exploratory survey with an emic and etic approach. The research sources are key informants selected through purposive sampling techniques. Data collection through interviews, observations, and species inventories. Data analysis was carried out by qualtative type (reduction, display and verification). The results of the study showed that there are 28 animal species were found to be used for various purposes, ranging from food sources, medicine, and rituals. Some of these animal are processed before use, but many are also unprocessed.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Ethnozoology, Malay tribe, Local knowledge, Believe
  topic: keywords
creator: aswarina nasution
creator: Wina Dyah Puspitasari2
creator: Dwi Ratna Anjaning Kusuma
creator: Ahmad Shafwan S. Pulungan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 aswarina nasution, Wina Dyah Puspitasari2, Dwi Ratna Anjaning Kusuma, Ahmad Shafwan S. Pulungan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-30
publication date: 2026-03-30
starting page: 43
ending page: 49
doi: 10.24114/4bqdk922

Growth Response Of Green Beans (Phaseolus radiatus) To Watering Intervals
type: item
description: Green beans (Phaseolus radiatus) are one of the commodity of legume plants that are generally grown on dry land, Green beans are included in plants that are tolerant of water shortages, the important thing is that the soil has enough moisture. The problem that is often faced in mung bean cultivation in dry land is the low production achieved by farmers, so it is necessary to conduct research on the resistance of mung beans (Phaseolus radiatus) to drought and the effect of watering frequency on productivity. The purpose was to determine the watering interval to the growth response of mung bean plants (Phaseolus radiatus). This study used an experimental design using a Group Random Design (RAK) consisting of 4 treatments with 3 replicas of each treatment. F0U1, F0U2, F0U3 : Control Treatment (No Watering), F1U1, F1U2, F1U3 : Watering frequency 1 (one) time a day. F2U1,F2U2, F2U3 : Watering frequency 2 (two) times a day. F3U1, F3U2, F3U3 : Watering frequency 3 (three) times a day. The parameters in calculating the growth response are the length of the plant, the number of leaves and the height of the plant. The best watering interval for plant length is watering once every 1 (one) day, where the highest plant length is 56.16 cm in the F1 treatment. The best watering interval for the number of leaves of the plant is watering (once) a day, where the average number of leaves is 13.11 leaves in the F1 treatment. The best watering interval for plant height is watering once every 1 (one) day, where the average height of the highest plant is 51.16 cm in the F1 treatment.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Watering Intervals, Green Beans, Growth Respon
  topic: keywords
creator: Nurul Huda Panggabean
creator: Rizky Yudha Pratama
creator: Rahmadina Rahmadina
creator: Ahmad Faisal Nasution
creator: Nurbaity Situmorang
creator: Anita Kairani
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Nurul Huda Panggabean, Rizky Yudha Pratama, Rahmadina Rahmadina, Ahmad Faisal Nasution, Nurbaity Situmorang, Anita Kairani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-30
publication date: 2026-03-30
starting page: 64
ending page: 70
doi: 10.24114/cfzm0080

Investigation of Melaleuca leucadendron L. from South Sumatra: Phytochemicals and IC50-Based Antioxidant Potential
type: item
description: Melaleuca leucadendron L. (commonly known as Gelam wood) is a plant that thrives in the swampy regions of South Sumatra. The utilization of this plant has historically been limited to its wood, leaving the potential of its leaves and seeds largely unexplored. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the species of Gelam wood and investigate the phytochemical content and antioxidant potential of its leaves and seeds.The methodology involved methanol extraction of the plant material, followed by comprehensive phytochemical screening and an antioxidant activity assay using the DPPH method.The phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of several key compounds, with the Gelam extracts testing positive for Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Steroids, Saponins, Tannins, and Triterpenoids. Furthermore, the extract from the leaves and seeds demonstrated potent antioxidant activity, evidenced by an IC50​ value of 47.56 ppm, which classifies it as a strong antioxidant (<50 ppm).This research highlights the significant therapeutic potential of Melaleuca leucadendron leaves and seeds, suggesting they are valuable sources of natural antioxidants
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Keywords : Melaleuca leucadendron L, Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant Activity
  topic: keywords
creator: Rima Ernia
creator: Rina SE Sitindaon
creator: Nyoman Yudi Antara
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Rima Ernia, Rina SE Sitindaon, Nyoman Yudi Antara https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-01
publication date: 2026-01-01
starting page: 29
ending page: 38
doi: 10.24114/jbio.v11i3.69899

Efectiveness Of Carica papaya Seeds Ethanol Extract With Metronidazole Against Porphyromonas gingivalis In Antibacterial And Antibiofilm Activity
type: item
description: Introduction: Porphyromonas gingivalis promotes the growth of periodontal biofilm. Metronidazole is one of the adjunctive therapies for periodontitis. The combination of metronidazole with natural products such as Carica papaya seeds ethanolic extract, which has proven to have antibacterial effects is expected to reduce the side effects caused by metronidazole. Objective: To determine the antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of C. papaya seeds ethanolic extract combined with metronidazole against P. gingivalis. Methods: In vitro laboratory experiment using post-test only control group design. The sample used were 100% C. papaya seeds ethanolic extract, combination of 1000 µg/mL metronidazole with extract 3.125%, 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%, and 100%, 1000 µg/mL and 2000 µg/mL metronidazole as positive control, and distilled water as negative control. Antibacterial test was performed using plate count method and antibiofilm using microtiter plate biofilm assay method. Results: Carica papaya seeds ethanolic extract alone showed effective antibacterial and antibiofilm effects against P. gingivalis. The combination of 1000 µg/mL metronidazole with extract 6.25% to 100% showed an antibacterial effect equivalent to 2000 µg/mL metronidazole. The combination of 1000 µg/mL metronidazole with 100% extract showed antibiofilm effects in 1, 3, and 24 hours time incubation. The combination of extract and 1000 µg/mL metronidazole demonstrated the best antibiofilm effect during the biofilm maturation phase. Conclusion: The combination of 1000 µg/mL metronidazole with ethanol extract of C. papaya seeds exhibited antibacterial and antibiofilm effects against P. gingivalis.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: antibacterial, antibiofilm, Carica papaya seeds extract, metronidazole, Porphyromonas gingivalis
  topic: keywords
creator: Vanessa Angela Thebez
creator: Sheila Soesanto
creator: Priska Natassya
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Vanessa Angela Thebez, Sheila Soesanto, Priska Natassya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 18
ending page: 28
doi: 10.24114/jbio.v11i3.68420

Antioxidant Activity Test of Extract And Fractions of Red Guava (Psidium guajava L.) Peel and Fruit
type: item
description: Red guava (Psidium guajava L.) contains natural antioxidants that help neutralize free radicals originating from radiation, pollution, and harmful chemicals. This study aimed to identify secondary metabolites and determine the IC₅₀ values of ethanol extract and various fractions of red guava peel and fruit. Four solvents were used ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction, n-hexane fraction, and water fraction. Each sample was tested at concentrations of 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 ppm. Vitamin C, at concentrations of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 ppm, served as a positive control. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH method with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 516 nm and an incubation time of 30 minutes. Phytochemical screening showed that all extracts contained alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins. The IC₅₀ values obtained were: ethanol extract peel 62,4719 ppm, ethanol extract fruit 44,0035 ppm, ethyl acetate fraction peel 56,7955 ppm, ethyl acetate fraction fruit 46,4394 ppm, n-hexane fraction peel 113,9311 ppm, n-hexane fraction fruit 114,4767 ppm, water fraction peel 104,0284 ppm, and water fraction fruit 76,5801 ppm.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: antioxidant, DPPH, IC₅₀, red guava, vitamin C
  topic: keywords
creator: Monica
creator: Vivin Marwiyati Rohmana
creator: Kharisma Jayak Pratama
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Monica, Vivin Marwiyati Rohmana, Kharisma Jayak Pratama https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-08-27
publication date: 2025-08-27
starting page: 33
ending page: 51
doi: 10.24114/jbio.v11i2.68054

Formulation of Java Acid Leaves (Tamarindus indica L.) Etanol Extract Salep Devices With Absorption, Hydrocarbon, Water Solution and Water Washable Basis (O/W Emulsion)
type: item
description: Tamarind leaves have flavonoid, tannin and saponin compounds, which can be used as antibacterials. Research has been conducted on the formulation of ointment preparations from tamarind leaf ethanol extract (Tamarindus indica L.) using a variety of ointment bases, namely absorption, hydrocarbon, water soluble and washable with water (O/W emulsions). This study aims to determine the physical stability and the appropriate type of ointment base of tamarind leaf ethanol extract ointment preparation. The extraction process in this study used maceration method with 70% ethanol solvent. The formalized preparation was evaluated for physical stability for 10 days at 4°C and 25°C alternately every 24 hours (1 cycle). The evaluation included organoleptic test, pH, homogeneity and spreadability. Absorption ointment made from ethanol extract of tamarind leaves is light brown in color, smells typical of tamarind, homogeneous, has a pH of 4 and has a spreadability of 5 cm. Hydrocarbon ointment is dark brown in color, smells typical of tamarind, homogeneous, has a pH of 3 and has a spreadability of 3.95 cm. Water soluble ointment with ethanol extract of tamarind leaves is dark brown in color, smells typical of tamarind, homogeneous, has a pH of 3 and has a spreadability of 5.3-5.5 cm. Water washable ointment (O/W emulsion) is light brown in color, smells typical of tamarind, homogeneous, has a pH of 4, and has a spreadability of 3.93 cm. Based on the test results in this study, it can be concluded that the formulation of ethanol leaf extract preparation.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Antibacterial, Ethanol Extract, Methanol Extract, Psidium guava, Staphylococcus aureus
  topic: keywords
creator: Rina Kurniaty
creator: Dara Sukma Ratmelya
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Rina Kurniaty, Dara Sukma Ratmelya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-08-27
publication date: 2025-08-27
starting page: 1
ending page: 9
doi: 10.24114/jbio.v11i2.66781

The Effect Of Liquid Organic Fertilizer Application On The Growth Of Biograss (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Biograss)
type: item
description: One of the superior varieties developed by the Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development Center (BBPSI Biogen) is the Biograss Agrinak elephant grass. This grass was released as a superior forage crop variety in 2021 and has an impressive yield potential of 319 tons/hectare/year. This study aims to analyze the effect of liquid organic fertilizer application on the growth and productivity of Biograss elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. biograss) as livestock feed. The research method used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a non-factorial arrangement consisting of 4 treatments and 5 replications. The parameters observed in this study included leaf width, leaf length, plant height, and fresh yield of odot grass. The results showed that treatment P3 resulted in the highest increases in leaf width (3.44 cm), leaf length (62.10 cm), plant height (90.19 cm), and fresh yield of odot grass (687.5 grams), with significant differences compared to other treatments. Application of liquid organic fertilizer at a dose of 15 ml per 1 liter of water gave the best results and has the potential to be applied on a larger scale.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Liquid Organic Fertilizer, Growth, Productivity, Biograss elephant
  topic: keywords
creator: farhan Muhammad
creator: Media Agus Kurniawan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 farhan Muhammad, Media Agus Kurniawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 7
doi: 10.24114/jbio.v11i3.68113

Identifying Sibutramine in Slimming Herbs Sold Online
type: item
description: Obesity is defined as the presence of abnormal amounts of body fat and is a risk factor for diabetes and can increase the risk of hernias, varices and arthroses in the knees and feet. Consumption of slimming herbs is widely used to reduce this obesity. Slimming herbal products in their ingredients or compositions contain simplisia derived from medicinal plants and have pharmacological effects. According to the Minister of Health Regulation No. 007 of 2012 concerning the registration of traditional medicines, herbs circulating in the community must meet various requirements, one of which is that they must not contain drug chemicals, narcotics or psychotropic substances and other materials that based on health considerations and research can endanger health. Sibutramine is a weight loss drug that is often used, belongs to the class of hard drugs and can only be used based on a doctor's prescription because it can increase blood pressure. The identification of sibutramine in this study was carried out qualitatively using thin layer chromatography (TLC) method, to determine the presence or absence of the addition of drug chemicals in slimming herbs sold online. The mobile phase used was methanol (p): chloroform (p) (4:1) solvent with silica GF 254 stationary phase. The results of the study showed that two of the five slimming herbs sold online contained sibutramine with the Rf value of herbal medicine A = 0.86 and herbal medicine B = 0.91.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Antibacterial, Methanol Extract, Nutmeg Seed, Staphylococcus aureus, Eschericia coli
  topic: keywords
creator: Rina Kurniaty
creator: Yunda Fachruniza
creator: Nabila Rahmayani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Rina Kurniaty https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-08-27
publication date: 2025-08-27
starting page: 27
ending page: 32
doi: 10.24114/jbio.v11i2.66791

Comparison Cytological Staining Results of Pleural Effusion with Delayed Time Without Alcohol Fixative and With Alcohol Fixative
type: item
description: The delay in the examination of pleural effusion fluid may lead to damage to the specimens. To minimize this damage, the addition of fixative solutions is often employed, one of which is 50% alcohol. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effectiveness of using 50% alcohol in fixing smears of pleural effusion fluid that are delayed in examination, as well as to assess the morphological quality of cells in effusion smears stored with and without fixative solutions. The research method is experimental, utilizing a pretest-posttest design. Sampling was conducted using accidental sampling, with specimens categorized into four treatment groups (immediate examination, immediate examination with 50% alcohol fixative, delayed examination without fixative, and delayed examination with 50% alcohol fixative). Smears were stained using the Diff-Quik method. The assessment results were analyzed descriptively and with a paired T-test. In the comparison between immediate without and delayed without, the T-test results showed a significant difference (p = 0.002, <0.05). Conversely, in the comparison between immediate and delayed with fixative, no significant difference was found (p = 0.707, >0.05). The comparison between immediate without and immediate with fixative showed a significant change (p = 0.005, <0.05), while the comparison between delayed without fixative and delayed with fixative was not significant (p = 0.775, >0.05). The alternative hypothesis was rejected based on the paired T-test, as no significant difference was found in the delayed samples compared to the samples that were delayed with the addition of 50% alcohol fixative.
subject: Article
  topic: section
creator: Fransiska Anggraini
creator: Erni Yohani Mahtuti
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Fransiska Anggraini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 8
ending page: 17
doi: 10.24114/jbio.v11i3.68026

Optimization and Evaluation of Noni Leaf Skin Softening Lotion Preparation (Morinda Citrifolia L.)
type: item
description: The premature aging process is usually characterized by visible wrinkles or wrinkles on the face, dry and rough skin, age spots and decreased skin elasticity. Noni leaves (Morinda citrifolia L.) are one type of herbal plant that can potentially act as an antioxidant. The purpose of this study was to see Optimizing the Formulation of Lotion Preparations and Evaluating the Physical Properties of Lotion Preparations. Noni leaves were macerated with 96% ethanol solvent and then rotary with an evaporator. Hand and body lotion preparations were made by adding ethanol extract of noni leaves with several concentrations of 2.5% (F1), 5% (F2), and 7.5% (F3) to the base of hand and body lotion. As a blank (F0) the base of hand and body lotion without ethanol extract of noni leaves. Testing on the preparation was an evaluation of stability for 4 weeks at room temperature (odor, color, pH, emulsion type, homogeneity), irritation test and anti- aging skin activity test using a skin analyzer on hand skin. The parameters measured included water content, pore size, number of blemishes and number of wrinkles. Treatment was carried out using hand and body lotion every day for 4 weeks. Ethanol extract concentrations of 2.5%, 5% and 7.5% were homogeneous preparations with an oil-in-water emulsion type, pH 6.3-6.8, stable in storage for 4 weeks, and did not irritate the skin. Anti- aging skin hand and body lotion preparations containing ethanol extract of noni leaves can increase water content, reduce pore size, reduce the number of blemishes, reduce the number of wrinkles on the skin of the back of the hand and are stable in storage for 4 weeks. Hand and body lotion preparations with ethanol extract at a concentration of 7.5% had better skin antiaging activity compared to concentrations of 2.5%, 5% and blank.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Optimization, lotion, Noni leaves
  topic: keywords
creator: bunga rimta barus
creator: Christica Ilsanna Surbakti
creator: Salman Salman
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 bunga rimta barus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-08-27
publication date: 2025-08-27
starting page: 64
ending page: 71
doi: 10.24114/jbio.v11i2.68012

The Effectiveness of Aloe Vera Extract as A Natural Ingredient in Reducing Hair Loss
type: item
description: Hair loss is a common condition affecting many individuals, particularly teenagers and women who wear the hijab. Aloe vera contains various bioactive compounds, including vitamins, proteolytic enzymes, and amino acids, which are known to nourish the scalp and stimulate hair growth. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Aloe vera extract in different types of hair care formulations, such as shampoos, hair tonics, serums, and pomades, for treating hair loss. A qualitative descriptive literature review was conducted by analyzing 30 relevant national and international scientific articles published between 2016 and 2025. The findings indicate that Aloe vera has the potential to reduce hair loss, promote hair growth, and support scalp health. Furthermore, the combination of Aloe vera with other herbal ingredients, such as candlenut, celery, and lime, may enhance its efficacy. Products based on Aloe vera are also reported to have good physical stability, be safe for use, and be compatible with various scalp types. The study concludes that Aloe vera is a promising natural ingredient for the development of safe, effective, and sustainable herbal hair care products.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Ethnobotany, Ethnozoology, Traditional Medicine, Mandailing Ethnic, ICS
  topic: keywords
creator: khandika cece nurmagrianty
creator: Eny Widhia Agustin
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 khandika cece nurmagrianty, Eny Widhia Agustin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-08-27
publication date: 2025-08-27
starting page: 10
ending page: 26
doi: 10.24114/jbio.v11i2.67996

Antibacterial Activity Test of Breadfulness Leaf Extract Plaster Preparation ( Artocarpus altilis ) In Vitro and In Vivo In The Treatment of Mice Cut Wounds
type: item
description: The skin is the largest organ in the human body. One of the problems that often occurs in the skin is wounds. Wounds are damage or loss of tissue in the body caused by a factor, one type of wound is a cut wound. Cuts occur due to friction with objects causing linear tears in the skin and underlying tissue. Cuts can cause infections due to bacteria. Breadfruit leaves (Artocarpus altilis) contain flavonoid compounds that can regenerate the skin by increasing collagen in the skin and have bactericidal properties. This study aims to determine the optimal concentration in the activity of breadfruit leaf extract formulated in the form of plasters against in vitro and in vivo tests in the treatment of cut wounds in mice. This study used the maceration method in making the extract using 96% ethanol solvent. Breadfruit leaf extract was formulated into a plaster preparation with various concentrations F1: EEDS 10%, F2: EEDS 15%, F3: EEDS 20%, and F4: EEDS 25%. The plaster preparation was evaluated to determine the physical properties and compounds of the wound dressing material by conducting thickness tests, humidity tests, pH tests, organoleptic tests, FTIR tests, activity tests of the preparation against in vitro tests and in vivo tests. The results showed that the concentration of EEDS 25% with a value of 24.35 against the in vitro test using Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with a Hansaplast plaster comparator with a value of 16.35. In the in vitro test in the treatment of mouse cuts, it was stated that the concentration of EEDS 25% with a healing day of 10.6 days was close to the healing day of the Hansaplast plaster comparator with a healing day of 9.3 days.
subject: Article
  topic: section
creator: Delisma Marsauli Simorangkir
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Delisma Marsauli Simorangkir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-03-30
publication date: 2025-03-30
starting page: 39
ending page: 48
doi: 10.24114/jbio.v11i1.64636

Antibacterial Activity Of Ethanol Extract And Methanol Extract Of Guava Leaves (Psidium guajava L.) Againts Staphylococcus aureus
type: item
description: Guava leaves contain secondary metabolites, consisting of tannins, polyphenolates, flavonoids, monoterpenoids, alcolloids, quinones, and saponins. The main component of guava leaves is tannins, the amount of which reaches 9-12%. Tannins are antibacterial by precipitating proteins. The antimicrobial effect of tannins is through reactions with cell membranes, inactivation of the function of genetic material. alkaloids, flavonoids can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. This research aims to find out the activities antibacterial ethanol and methanol extract of guava leaves against Staphylococcus aureus. This study uses the disc diffusion method. Using 5 treatment groups, namely positive control using chlorampenicol antibiotics and for positive control using DMSO. For concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15% use ethanol extract and methanol guava leaves. This study is an experimental study, testing antibacterial activity using Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The data obtained was analyzed using the One Way ANOVA test and continued with the DMRT/Ducan test to see the difference in each treatment. The average results of the diameter of the inhibition zone for ethanol extracts were 10.47 mm (5%), 11.95 mm (10%), 16.94 mm (15%). For methanol extracts it is 9.7 mm (5%), 12.1 mm (10%), 19.7 mm (15%). One Way ANOVA analysis followed by DMRT/Ducan showed that both shallot extracts have antibacterial potential and do not have significant differences. The conclusion of this study is that guava leaf ethanol and methanol extracts with concentrations of 5%,10% and 15% have potential as antibacterial against Staphylococcus aureus.
subject: Article
  topic: section
creator: Rina Kurniaty
creator: Resmila Dewi
creator: Muhilal Yusup
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Rinakurniaty Rina, Resmila Dewi , Muhilal Yusup https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-03-30
publication date: 2025-03-30
starting page: 21
ending page: 29
doi: 10.24114/jbio.v11i1.64595

Antibacterial Activity Of Nutmeg Seed (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) Methanol Extract Against The Growth Of Staphylococcus aureus and Eschericia coli
type: item
description: Nutmeg seeds (Myristica fragran Houtt.) are natural materials containing active compounds with potential antibacterial properties. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of nutmeg seed methanol extract and the effective concentration for inhibiting the growth of S. aureus and E. coli, as well as to compare the inhibition zones produced against both bacteria. The nutmeg seed extract was obtained through maceration extraction using 96% methanol solvent. The antibacterial activity was tested using the disc diffusion method with three different concentrations of the extract: 20%, 30%, and 40%, along with chloramphenicol (positive control) and 10% DMSO (negative control). The inhibition zone data were analyzed using ANOVA with SPSS 26, followed by the DMRT test. Phytochemical testing revealed that the methanol extract of nutmeg seeds positively contains alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, quinones, and triterpenoids. The results showed that the methanol extract of nutmeg seeds at concentrations of 20%, 30%, and 40% produced inhibition zones against S. aureus of 11.83 mm, 12.56 mm, and 15.06 mm, respectively, and against E. coli, the inhibition zones measured 11.83 mm, 12.56 mm, and 15.06 mm. The study concludes that the methanol extract of nutmeg seeds exhibits strong antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli, with the most effective concentration being 40%. Additionally, the nutmeg seed methanol extract tended to have better antibacterial properties against E. coli than against S. aureus.
subject: Article
  topic: section
creator: Resmila Dewi
creator: Rina Kurniaty
creator: Erda Marniza
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Resmila Dewi, Rina Kurniaty, Erda Marniza https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-03-30
publication date: 2025-03-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 12
doi: 10.24114/jbio.v11i1.64594

Temperature Effects on Jembrana Superficial Unit (JSU) Recombinant Protein Expression in Escherichia coli BL21
type: item
description: The efficiency of expression of recombinant proteins in host cells depends on achieving proper protein folding, solubility, and biological activity. Critical environmental factors, including temperature, pH, nutrient availability, and inducer concentration, significantly influence protein yield, stability, and functionality. Optimizing these conditions is essential to minimize protein misfolding and aggregation, which can adversely affect expression efficiency and reduce bioactivity. This study aims to measure the effect of temperature on the growth of Escherichia coli BL21 harboring the recombinant JSU protein, derived from the ENV-SU gene of the Jembrana virus. A controlled laboratory experiment was conducted in which bacterial cultures were incubated at 25°C and 37°C under identical conditions, except for temperature. The results indicate a statistically significant difference in bacterial growth between the two temperature conditions (p = 0.08), suggesting that E. coli BL21 exhibits enhanced growth at 37°C compared to 25°C. The mean bacterial growth rate at 37°C was 1.756, whereas at 25°C, the average growth was 1.425, demonstrating that higher temperatures facilitate bacterial proliferation. However, due to the relatively small sample size, further validation with a larger dataset is required to confirm these findings. These findings highlight the critical role of temperature optimization in enhancing bacterial growth and improving recombinant protein production efficiency, emphasizing the need for further investigation with a larger dataset to validate the results. Keywords: recombinant protein; temperature; IPTG; Escherichia coli BL21; JSU construct.
subject: Article
  topic: section
creator: Imelda Maelani
creator: Indriawati Indriawati
creator: Yulia Sari Ismail
creator: Riska Mulyani
creator: Widya Syahfitri
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Imelda Maelani, Indriawati Indriawati, Yulia Sari Ismail, Riska Mulyani, Widya Syahfitri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-03-30
publication date: 2025-03-30
starting page: 30
ending page: 38
doi: 10.24114/jbio.v11i1.64590

Identification of Secondary Metabolites of Kirinyuh Leaves (Chromolaena odorata L.) as Antibacterial Using GS-MS
type: item
description: This study aims to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against pathogenic bacteria and to determine secondary metabolites in kirinyuh leaves (Chromolaena odorata) using the GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy) method. The test bacteria used were Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The extraction method was carried out by maceration using 96% ethanol solvent. The crude ethanol extract of kirinyuh leaves in this study used concentrations of 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 70%. Using a UV-VIS spectrophotometer, the most effective concentration in inhibiting and killing the growth of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria was a concentration of 70%, with an average OD (absorbance) value of -0.2029, -0.055, and -0.0523. Then secondary metabolite identification was carried out using GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy) ethanol-water (9:1). The test results showed that a concentration of 70% was the most effective in inhibiting and killing Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. The content of secondary metabolites in the ethanol extract of kirinyuh leaves contains 33 secondary metabolite compounds, 6 of which are dominant compounds as antibacterials.
subject: Article
  topic: section
creator: martha grasella
creator: Endang Sulistyarini Gultom
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Martha grasella, Endang Sulistyarini Gultom https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-03-30
publication date: 2025-03-30
starting page: 13
ending page: 20
doi: 10.24114/jbio.v11i1.64589

THE EFFECT OF GIVING FERMENTED SAGO DRAIN IN THE RATION ON THE QUALITY OF PEKING DUCK CARCASSES
type: item
description: Ducks are one of the sources of high-quality animal protein, receiving attention in meeting human consumption needs. However, the cultivation of Peking ducks, which have great potential as meat producers, is still carried out extensively and has not been optimal in Indonesia. This study aims to investigate the effect of fermented sago pulp in rations on the quality of carcasses and abdominal fat of Peking ducks. The research method involved the provision of fermented sago pulp in Peking duck rations, with a focus on evaluating the quality of carcasses and abdominal fat. Peking ducks. This study used an experimental method while the design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications so that there were 12 experimental units. The results showed that the provision of fermented sago pulp in rations showed a significant impact on live weight, carcass weight, carcass percentage, and abdominal fat of Peking ducks. Based on ANOVA analysis and DMRT test, the provision of fermented sago pulp increased all of these parameters at a significance level of P <0.01. Treatment D with 100% fermented sago dregs produced the highest live weight of 1.29 kg and the highest carcass weight of 576.11 gr, significantly different from other treatments.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Sago pulp
  topic: keywords
subject: Fermentation
  topic: keywords
subject: Ration
  topic: keywords
subject: Peking Duck
  topic: keywords
subject: Pakan Ternak
  topic: disciplines
subject: Biologi
  topic: disciplines
creator: Wenny Novita Sari
creator: Hayadi Haryadi
creator: Mustafa Kamal
creator: Mustaqim Mustaqim
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Wenny Novita Sari, Hayadi Haryadi, Mustafa Kamal, Mustaqim Mustaqim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-20
publication date: 2024-12-20
doi: 10.24114/jbio.v10i3.63881

PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ECO-ENZYME DERIVED FROM DURIAN ALBEDO AS A SOLUTION FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT
type: item
description: North Sumatra is the largest durian-producing province in Indonesia. As a result, durian skin waste has increased, reaching 332,712 tons annually. Durian skin is divided into the outer layer, known as the flavedo and the inner layer called the albedo. Durian skin contains chemical compounds such as lignin and tannins, which hinder its efficient decomposition. Therefore, environmentally friendly solutions for processing durian skin waste are needed. One such solution is the production of eco-enzyme. Eco-enzyme is a complex solution produced by fermenting organic waste with molasses and water, using selective microorganisms. It has various applications, such as household cleaners, organic fertilizers, and pest control. The purpose of this study was to identify the physicochemical characteristics and quality of the eco-enzyme produced, as well as its potential to reduce environmental pollution. The research employed a descriptive qualitative method with an experimental approach. The process involved coarsely chopping durian albedo and mixing it with molasses and water in a 1:3:10 ratio (sugar, albedo, and water). The mixture was fermented for three months, sealed tightly in a container, and periodically opened. The resulting liquid was the eco-enzyme. Physicochemical tests were conducted to evaluate pH, aroma, color, total dissolved solids (TDS) and other properties, including Wagner's Reagent test, Alkaline Reagent test, Foam test, and Quinone test. The results showed that durian albedo is highly suitable for producing eco-enzyme, yielding a product with a pH of 2.4, a TDS value of 855, a blackish-brown color, a fruity fermentation aroma, and containing phytochemical compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and quinones.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: albedo
  topic: keywords
subject: durian
  topic: keywords
subject: eco enzyme
  topic: keywords
subject: waste
  topic: keywords
subject: physicochemical
  topic: keywords
subject: eco-enzyme
  topic: disciplines
subject: Biology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Microbiology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Fitochemical
  topic: disciplines
subject: Waste management
  topic: disciplines
subject: Durian
  topic: disciplines
subject: Albedo
  topic: disciplines
creator: Doli Fadly Harahap
creator: Gabriella Marry Ayu
creator: Syarifah Riska Mela Putri
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Doli Fadly Harahap, Gabriella Marry Ayu, Syarifah Riska Mela Putri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-01
publication date: 2025-09-01
doi: 10.24114/jbio.v10i3.63717

GC-MS ANALYSIS OF SECONDARY METABOLITES OF SENGGANI LEAVES (Melastoma malabatrichum L.)
type: item
description: Traditional medicinal plants have long been used and trusted by the community to treat various diseases. The senggani plant is useful for reducing fever (antispiretic), pain reliever (analgesic), urine laxative (diuretic), treating vaginal discharge (leukorrhea), and as a medicine for various types of wounds. This research was conducted using extracts of Melastoma malabatricum (L.) leaves extracted using methanol as a solvent. GC-MS analysis of secondary metabolites of senggani leaves (Melastoma malabatrichum L.) was carried out as a first step to determine the content of active secondary metabolite compounds contained in senggani leaves.The results of this study show that 8 peaks were observed during maximum run time of 40 min. The results revealed that, compounds such as 3-Hexadecyloxycarbonyl-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylimidazolium, Melezitose, Thiosulfuric acid, Neophytadiene, 9-Icosyne, Phytol, Hexadecanoic acid dan 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z) were present in the methanolic extract of Melastoma malabatrichum (L.) which can mostly contribute to several therapeutic activities such as antimicrobial.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Screening
  topic: keywords
subject: Phytochemicals Metabolites secondary
  topic: keywords
subject: GC-MS
  topic: keywords
subject: Methanolic extract
  topic: keywords
subject: Biology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Microbiology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Medicine
  topic: disciplines
creator: Muhammad Yusuf Nasution
creator: Marlinda Nilan Sari Rangkuti
creator: Nurbaity Situmorang
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Yusuf Nasution, Marlinda Nilan Sari Rangkuti, Nurbaity Situmorang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-08-30
publication date: 2025-08-30
doi: 10.24114/jbio.v10i3.62912

Analysis of Secondary Metbaolite Content of Ethanol Extract of Biden Pilosa L. Leaves which has the Potential as an Antibacterial
type: item
description: The potential of plants as an alternative medicine is a great gift. This potential can be explored through various preliminary tests. One of the preliminary tests is to analyze the content of secondary metabolite compounds using GC-MS. One of the plants known to have potential is Biden Pilosa L. The results of the GC-MS analysis showed that there were 9 compounds identified as having antimicrobial properties. This was discovered after analyzing the compound content and continuing with a literature review. The conclusion obtained was that there were 9 compounds in the ethanol extract of Biden Pilosa L leaves that functioned as antimicrobials.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: secondary metabolites
  topic: keywords
subject: antimicrobials
  topic: keywords
subject: Biology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Microbiology
  topic: disciplines
creator: Ahmad Shafwan S Pulungan
creator: Aswarina Nasution
creator: Wina Dyah Puspitasari
creator: Rahmad H Gultom
creator: Nisrina Afiqah Rahmi
creator: Melia Ivana Br Munthe
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Ahmad Shafwan S. Shafwan S. Pulungan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-08-19
publication date: 2024-08-19
starting page: 42
ending page: 46
doi: 10.24114/jbio.v10i2.62621