PERBAIKAN DAN PERKUATAN BANGUNAN SEDERHANA AKIBAT GEMPA

Abstract

Bangunan yang sering rusak apabila gempa bumi terjadi adalah bangunan sederhana atau bangunan non-engineering. Bangunan non-engineered adalah bangunan yang umumnya merupakan bangunan penduduk, rumah tinggal, dan lain-lain yang kebanyakan didirikan oleh masyarakat biasa tanpa bantuan ahli struktur. Telah banyak bangunan yang rusak akibat gempa, Sehingga  sangat dibutuhkan pengembangan metode perbaikan dan perkuatan struktur bangunan untuk memperbaiki dan memperkuat bangunan yang rusak akibat gempa. Titik-titik lemah bangunan yang merupakan titik-titik kegagalan bangunan akibat beban gempa, antara lain : join fondasi-kolom, join balok-kolom, dinding pasangan dan sistem struktur atap. Dibutuhkan perbaikan pada elemen-elemen tersebut untuk mengembalikan fungsinya seperti semula serta elemen-elemen tersebut sangat membutuhkan perkuatan sebelum terjadi gempa serta pendetailan penulangan yang akurat. Perbaikan dan perkuatan elemen struktur bangunan yang telah dikembangkan antara lain : perbaikan dinding retak dengan  metode  plesteran yang diperkuat  kawat, melapisi elemen struktur bangunan dengan lapisan beton baru, penambahan tulangan dan lapisan beton pada elemen balok, kolom dan pelat, pembuatan jangkar pada setiap 6 lapis bata dan pembuatan kolom praktis pada dinding roboh serta perbaikan dan perkuatan pada rangka atap dan plafon. Material yang digunakan dalam pelaksanaan pekerjaan perbaikan dan perkuatan bangunan sederhana akibat gempa adalah beton, baja tulangan, batu bata, bahan kimia (epoxy) untuk mempercepat proses pekerjaan serta bahan-bahan umum lainnya yang sering dijumpai dalam pelaksanaan pekerjaan kontruksi

Kata Kunci : Bangunan Sederhana (Non-Engineering), Perkuatan, Perbaikan

ABSTRACT
Buildings are often damaged when the earthquake occurred is a simple building or non- building engineering . Non - engineered buildings are buildings that generally are residential buildings, houses, and others are mostly established by ordinary people without the help of expert structures. Final Project is made using the method of literature study , by collecting data from a variety of books , sources and journals related to the repair and retrofitting of buildings is simple due to the earthquak . Has many buildings damaged by the earthquake , so that the much needed development of repair methods and retrofitting structures to improve and strengthen the buildings damaged by the earthquake . Weak points of the building which is the failure points of the building due to earthquake load , among others : the join - column foundation , beam - column joint , and systems partner walls roof structure. Needed improvements to these elements to restore its original function as well as those elements in desperate need before the earthquake retrofitting and reinforcement detailing accurate . Repair and strengthening of structural elements of the building that have been developed include : repair cracked wall plaster reinforced with wire method , coating the structural elements of the building with a new layer of concrete ,reinforcement and the addition of a layer of concrete on the elements of beams, columns and plates , on the manufacture of each 6 -layer anchor brick and manufacture practical columns on the walls collapsed and the repair and reinforcement on the roof frame and the ceiling. Materials used in the execution of repair work and simple retrofitting buildings caused by the earthquake is concrete , reinforcing steel , bricks , chemicals ( epoxy ) to speed up the work process as well as other common ingredients that are often encountered in the implementation of the construction works.

Keywords: building a simple (non - engineering), Rretrofitting, Repair