ANALISIS SISTEM PEMBERIAN AIR TERHADAP TANAH SAWAH BERBAHAN ORGANIK

Abstract

Salah satu tantangan utama yang dihadapi dalam pengembangan komoditas pertanian khususnya tanaman padi adalah cara memperoleh hasil yang lebih dengan penggunaan air minimum. Hal tersebut dapat dicapai melalui pengelolaan yang baik terhadap metode pemberian air, serta usaha pengkondisian tanahnya.Metode pemberian air dalam budidaya padi varietas Ciherang yang dilakukan adalah Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD), konvensional dan Mid Summer Drainage (MSD).Penelitian dilakukan di Rumah Kaca, Fakultas Pertanian UGM pada lahan percobaan (pot).Jumlah air irigasi yang diberikan tergantung pada metode irigasi yang diterapkan.Untuk metode AWD dan MSD genangan air irigasi dipertahankan adalah 2 cm pada waktu yang telah ditetapkan berdasarkan sistemnya, sedangkan konvensional dengan kedalaman 3 cm sepanjang masa tanam.Perhitungan perkolasi dilakukan setiap hari sebelum pemberian air irigasi dengan menimbang berat air perkolasi.Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh sistem pemberian air pada tanah sawah berbahan organik (komposisi 40% dan 60%) terhadap hasil produksi gabah kering, keragaan tanaman, kebutuhan air irigasi, perkolasi serta produktivitas air tanaman padi. Hasil uji statistik Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) menunjukkan bahwa metode AWD merupakan metode yang paling unggul dan beda nyataapabila dibandingkan dengan metode konvensional dan MSD. Metode AWD dengan masa tanam 110 HST menghasilkan 43 anakan, tinggi tanaman 127 cm, gabah kering panen 105 gr, kebutuhan air 78.92 liter, rerata perkolasi tengah bulanan 2.85 mm/hari dan produktivitas airnya 1.3 kg/m³. Penambahan bahan organik berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan tanah mengikat air yang artinya perkolasi dapat berkurang dengan penambahan bahan organik.Komposisi bahan organik 40% sudah dapat mencapai nilai yang optimum dalam kemampuan tanah mengikat air.

Kata Kunci : Alternate Wetting and Drying, Mid Summer Drainage, Padi, Produktivitas Air

ABSTRACT

One of the main challenges faced in the development of agriculture commodity especially rice crop is how to get more results with minimum water. It can be achieved through a good management of water delivery method, as well as soil condition. In this study, several methods of water irrigation in rice cultivation  Ciherang variety were applied i.e. alternate wetting and drying (AWD), conventional and mid summer drainage (MSD). The study was conducted in the greenhouse, Faculty of Agriculture in the field trials (pot). The amount of water irrigation given depend on the irrigation method which was applied. For the AWD and MSD methods, the inundation of water irrigation is 2 cm, whereas for conventional methods with a depth of 3 cm throughout the planting period. Percolation was measured everyday before offering water irrigation by weighing the percolation water weight. This study analyzed the influence of water irrigation methods on paddy soil made from organic (composition of 40% and 60%) on dry grain yields, the performance of plants, water irrigation need, percolation and water productivity of rice plants.The result of statistical test using Duncan multiple range test (DMRT) method indicated that AWD method was the most superior method and significantly different when compared with conventional and MSD method. By the AWD method with a planting period of 110 HST produced 43 tillers, 127 cm plant height, 105 grams of dried grain yield, water need on the average of 78.92 liters, the average percolation 2.85 mm/day and water productivity of 1.3 kg/m³. The addition of organic matter affected on the soil is ability to hold water, which means that percolation can be reduced by adding organic matter. The composition of 40% organic matter can already achieve the optimum value in the soil's ability to hold water.

 

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Keywords: Alternate Wetting and Drying, Mid Summer Drainage, Rice, WaterProductivity