Indonesian Counseling and Psychology e-ISSN: 2776-740X | p-ISSN: 2775-7587 Frequency : 2 issues per year (June & December) DOI: https://doi.org/10.24114/icp OAI: https://jurnal.unimed.ac.id/2012/index.php/ergasia/oai Editor in Chief : Miswanto (Scopus, Sinta) Managing Editor: Mirza Irawan (Scopus, Sinta) Publisher: Universitas Negeri Medan Accreditation Rankings : Sinta 4 Indonesian Counseling and Psychology is an open access and peer-reviewed scientific journal. This journal publishes original articles related to research, Counseling and Psychology theory development and program application related to the field of counseling and psychology. This journal is managed by the Guidance and Counseling Study Program, Faculty of Education, State University of Medan. This journal is published two times a year in June and December, and collaborates with the Regional Board of the Indonesian Guidance and Counseling Association (ABKIN). Indonesian Counseling and Psychology is a journal that publishes comprehensive research articles with reviews from leading experts in the field of counseling and psychology. Submitted manuscripts will be selected based on their high scientific quality, the importance of the new knowledge they provide, and their relevance to the counseling and psychology community. Indonesian Counseling and Psychology is Indexed By: Indonesian Counseling and Psychology is accredited by the Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education, Republic of Indonesia, which is ranked Fourth Grade (Sinta 4) from 2022 to 2027 based on Decree No. 10/C/CE/DT.05.00/05.00/2025.
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The Relationship Between Emotional Regulation and Anxiety Levels in Early Adult Women in Long Distance Marriage
This study aims to determine the relationship between emotional regulation and anxiety levels in early adult women undergoing long-distance marriage. This study uses a quantitative approach with a correlational design. The research subjects were 155 early adult women undergoing long-distance marriage who were selected using a purposive sampling technique. The instrument used was the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) to measure cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression strategies, which consists of 10 items with a 7-point Likert scale, and the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) anxiety subscale which consists of 14 items with a 4-point Likert scale. Data analysis was carried out using multiple regression and hypothesis testing was carried out with simultaneous F tests, partial t tests, and coefficient of determination tests. The results showed that emotional regulation was related to anxiety simultaneously by obtaining a sig. value. The F test was 0.003 <0.05, and the partial t test results also showed that cognitive reappraisal strategies had no relationship with anxiety obtained a sig. 0.724 > 0.05 and expressive suppression was found to be related to anxiety obtained a sig. 0.001 <0.05, and the results of the determination coefficient test obtained an R Square value of 0.072. This means that emotional regulation strategies contribute to the anxiety variable with a proportion of 7.2% while the rest is explained by other factors outside the research model. These findings indicate that emotional regulation is an important factor in maintaining psychological well-being in early adult women in long-distance relationships. Therefore, it is important to understand how emotional regulation strategies can be optimized in facing the dynamics of long-distance marriage.
Copyright (c) 2026 Novia Aira Fitri, Nurmina https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Strategies for Islamic Guidance and Counseling Students in Overcoming Academic Procrastination
Academic procrastination is a common phenomenon among college students and is closely related to time management and self-regulation skills. This study aims to identify the strategies used by students in the Islamic Guidance and Counseling Program at UIN Ar-Raniry, Banda Aceh, to overcome academic procrastination. This study employs a qualitative approach using a descriptive-analytical method. The research subjects consisted of five students from the class of 2024 selected through purposive sampling, with the criteria being active students experiencing academic procrastination. Data collection was conducted through observation and in-depth interviews, followed by analysis using NVivo software. The results indicate that all respondents experienced academic procrastination, including delaying the start and completion of assignments, late submission of assignments, a gap between plans and execution, and a tendency to choose more enjoyable activities over completing academic tasks. Contributing factors included internal factors such as fear of failure, perfectionism, low motivation, suboptimal emotional regulation, and mood dependency, as well as external factors such as social media distractions and a busy organizational activity schedule. The impacts experienced by students included increased anxiety, stress, guilt, rushing to complete tasks, and suboptimal academic performance. The strategies students use to overcome procrastination include breaking tasks into smaller parts, setting priorities, creating to-do lists, limiting social media use, reflecting on academic goals, starting with the easiest parts, and training themselves to begin without waiting for the right mood. These findings indicate that academic procrastination is closely linked to time management and self-regulation skills, which need to be continuously developed.
Copyright (c) 2026 Awliana, Rofika Duri, Zamratul Aini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship Between Self-Disclosure and Loneliness Among Early Adults Who Play the Game Roblox
The development of online games as virtual social interaction spaces, such as Roblox, allows individuals to engage in self-disclosure; however, it does not necessarily fulfill emotional closeness needs and may lead to loneliness. This study aims to examine the relationship between self-disclosure and loneliness among early adults who play Roblox. This research employed a quantitative method with a correlational approach. The sample consisted of 153 respondents selected using a purposive sampling technique, all of whom were early adults who play Roblox. Data were collected using a self-disclosure scale modified based on DeVito’s theory and a loneliness scale modified based on Russell’s theory. Data analysis was conducted using Pearson correlation. The results of the descriptive analysis indicated that the levels of self-disclosure and loneliness among respondents were in the moderate category. The findings revealed a significant positive relationship between self-disclosure and loneliness, with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.471 and a significance value of p = 0.001 (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that self-disclosure in the context of online gaming is not always associated with lower levels of loneliness, as digital interactions may not optimally fulfill emotional closeness needs. Therefore, self-disclosure has a significant relationship with loneliness among early adults who play Roblox in this study.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yolanda Royen, Rinaldi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Influence of Adult Attachment on Rejection Sensitivity with Self-Esteem as a Mediator in College Students
This study aims to determine the effect of adult attachment on rejection sensitivity, with self-esteem as a mediator in college students currently in romantic relationships. The research method used a quantitative approach with a correlational design. The sample consisted of 156 college students aged 18–25 who had been in a romantic relationship for at least six months and were selected through quota sampling. Data were collected using the Adult Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire (ARSQ), Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised (ECR-R), and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). The A-RSQ consists of interpersonal scenarios with two items for each situation: anxiety about rejection and expectations of acceptance, each with a 6-point Likert scale. The ECR-R uses a 7-point Likert scale ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree to measure the anxiety and avoidance dimensions of attachment. The RSES uses a 4-point Likert scale ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree to measure individual self-esteem. Data analysis was conducted through prerequisite analysis tests, normality tests, linearity tests, multicollinearity tests, and path analysis to examine the direct and indirect effects between variables. The results showed that avoidant attachment had a significant direct effect on rejection sensitivity, while anxiety attachment did not show a significant direct effect. Self-esteem had a significant negative effect on rejection sensitivity and mediated the relationship between anxiety attachment and rejection sensitivity, but did not mediate the relationship between avoidant attachment and rejection sensitivity. These findings emphasize the important role of self-evaluation in the dynamics of romantic relationships in early adulthood, especially in understanding sensitivity to rejection. This study provides implications for the development of psychological interventions aimed at improving self-esteem and the quality of interpersonal relationships in college students.
Copyright (c) 2026 Putri Hannanisa, Rinaldi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effectiveness of Group Guidance Using Digital Journaling Techniques to Manage Overthinking in Children at the Sanggar Bimbingan Kampung Bharu, Malaysia
The phenomenon of overthinking in school-aged children is increasing in the digital era, characterized by a tendency for children to experience excessive worry, difficulty managing emotions, and low self-reflection skills. This condition needs to be addressed through innovative Guidance and Counseling services that are appropriate for children's digital world. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of group guidance using digital journaling techniques in managing overthinking in children under the guidance of the Kampung bharu Guidance Center, Malaysia. The study used a qualitative approach with a Guidance and Counseling Action Research (PTBK) design implemented in three cycles, involving 11 children aged 11–12 years. Each cycle includes planning, implementation, observation, and reflection stages, with digital journaling as an expressive medium to explore thoughts and emotions. Data were collected through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and content analysis of digital journaling, and analyzed using thematic analysis techniques. The results showed a significant increase in emotional well-being and self-regulation skills, with positive emotions increasing from 76.9% to 92.3%, negative emotions decreasing from 23.1% to 7.7%, and positive coping strategies increasing from 38.5% to 76.9%. This study confirms that digital journaling is effective in helping children recognize, manage, and reflect on overthinking. These findings offer an innovative intervention model that can be easily implemented in non-formal education to strengthen children's emotional regulation and mental resilience.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muqri Izzan Ritonga, Sri Ngayomi Yudha Wastuti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effectiveness of Group Guidance Services in Improving the Emotional Intelligence of Malaysian Students
Emotional intelligence is one of the key factors supporting the social and academic development of elementary school students; however, in reality, there are still students who struggle to manage their emotions, build positive social relationships, and express their feelings appropriately. This study aims to test the effectiveness of group counseling services in improving the emotional intelligence of elementary school students. This study uses a quantitative approach with a pre-experimental design through a One-Group Pretest–Posttest Design. The research subjects consisted of seven fifth-grade students from the Muhammadiyah Kepong Counseling Center in Malaysia who were categorized as having low emotional intelligence. Data collection was conducted using an emotional intelligence scale with five aspects: self-awareness, self-control, self-motivation, empathy, and social skills. The data were analyzed using statistical tests to determine differences in students’ emotional intelligence levels before and after receiving group counseling services. The results showed an increase in students’ emotional intelligence scores after participating in group counseling. This improvement was evident in students’ abilities regarding self-awareness and self-control, increased empathy, and the development of more positive social relationships with peers. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that group counseling services are effective in enhancing students’ emotional intelligence. Therefore, group counseling services can serve as one of the intervention strategies that guidance and counseling teachers or school counselors can implement to support students’ emotional and social development.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ria Lezita Mardiana, M Fauzi Hasibuan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Effectiveness of Group Guidance Using Modeling Techniques to Enhance Student Learning Independence in Malaysian Guidance Centers
This research aims to determine students' learning independence at Sanggar Bimbingan Malaysia and examine the effectiveness of group guidance services using modeling techniques. The study employed a quantitative experimental design involving students at Sanggar Bimbingan Malaysia. Data collection utilized questionnaires to measure learning independence levels. Students were divided into experimental and control groups, with the experimental group receiving group guidance services with modeling techniques, while the control group received group guidance services without modeling techniques. Data analysis employed the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test and Kolmogorov Smirnov Two Independent Samples test. Results revealed that students with low learning independence demonstrated inability to regulate their learning process independently, particularly in determining learning objectives, selecting learning strategies, and evaluating learning outcomes. The findings indicated: (1) significant differences in learning independence within the experimental group between pretest and posttest after receiving group guidance services with modeling techniques, (2) significant differences in learning independence within the control group between pretest and posttest after receiving group guidance services without modeling techniques, and (3) significant differences in learning independence between experimental and control groups following treatment. This study demonstrates that modeling techniques integrated into group guidance services serve as a more effective intervention strategy for enhancing student learning independence, suggesting that guidance counselors should consider incorporating observational learning approaches to maximize students' self-regulated learning capabilities.
Copyright (c) 2026 Azli Yani, Asbi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Correlation Between Self-Efficacy and Academic Dishonesty Among Senior High School Students
This study aims to determine the relationship between self-efficacy and academic dishonesty among high school students. Self-efficacy refers to an individual’s belief in their ability to accomplish tasks and achieve specific goals. At the same time, academic dishonesty encompasses dishonest behaviors and violations of ethical standards in academic activities. This study employed a quantitative research method with a population of 346 students and a sample of 78 students selected using purposive sampling. The sample criteria in this study were students who had committed academic dishonesty as proven by screening results. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s product-moment correlation. The results indicated a correlation coefficient of -0.764 with a significance level of 0.000 (p < 0.05), demonstrating a significant negative relationship between self-efficacy and academic dishonesty. The coefficient of determination was 0.583, indicating that self-efficacy contributed 58.3% to the variance in academic dishonesty. Furthermore, a comparison between the hypothetical mean and the empirical mean revealed that students’ self-efficacy was relatively low, while the level of academic dishonesty was high. Therefore, the proposed hypothesis was accepted. Furthermore, based on the average score, the academic dishonesty score for male respondents was 50.76, while for female respondents it was 27.17. This indicates that the average academic dishonesty behavior was higher among male respondents than female respondents.
Copyright (c) 2025 Tsamara Audina Putri, Dinda Permatasari Harahap https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of Bullying on the Mental Health of High School Students and Its Implications for Guidance and Counseling
The purpose of this study was to examine bullying, student mental health, and its impact and implications on student mental health at Harapan Bangsa Kuala Private High School, a private high school, through guidance and counseling services. This study was a quantitative descriptive study. The sample consisted of 47 students at Harapan Bangsa Kuala Private High School. A questionnaire was used as the data collection instrument. The results showed that bullying at Harapan Bangsa Kuala Private High School tended to be high, with the highest percentage being 40.43%. The mental health profile of students showed that the highest percentage was in the high category, at 38.30%. However, there was a significant percentage in the low category, reaching 8.51%, indicating the negative impact of bullying on some students. The results of the hypothesis test showed a significance value (p-value) of 0.000, indicating a significant negative impact of bullying on student mental health. The higher the level of bullying experienced by students, the lower their mental health. The implications of this influence suggest the need for concrete steps in guidance and counseling services, focusing on addressing the effects of bullying and providing psychological support to affected students.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dhea Jayanthi Permata Sari, Muhazir, Seget Tartiyoso https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effectiveness of Hypnotherapy for Adult Psychological Disorders at Griya Bahagia Sehat Clinic Bandar Lampung
This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of hypnotherapy in reducing anxiety disorders among adult patients at Klinik Griya Bahagia Sehat, Bandar Lampung. The research employed a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through semi-structured interviews, non-participant observations, and analysis of clinical documentation. The study subjects included five adult patients aged 29–56 years, therapists, and the clinic owner as key informants. Data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model, which encompasses data reduction, data display, and systematic drawing of conclusions. The findings indicate a reduction in patient anxiety scores ranging from 65% to 90% after 6–15 hypnotherapy sessions, with significant improvements in physical symptoms, emotional well-being, and daily quality of life. Patients reported positive experiences, increased self-control, and enhanced ability to manage stress and overthinking. Evaluations from therapists and the clinic owner confirmed the effectiveness, safety, and psychological acceptability of hypnotherapy. These results underscore that therapy success depends not only on technique but also on active patient engagement, session consistency, and adherence to structured protocols. The study concludes that hypnotherapy is a safe, individualized, and comprehensive psychological intervention for managing anxiety disorders in adult patients. It is hoped that this research encourages readers to consider hypnotherapy as an adaptive, effective, and contextually relevant alternative intervention within local clinical settings.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ridha Desfaronisa, Sri Ilham Nasution https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effectiveness of Educational Video Based Classical Guidance Services in Reducing Students’ Learning Burnout at a Malaysian Learning Center
Learning burnout is a critical psychological issue that negatively affects students’ motivation, concentration, and learning engagement, particularly in non-formal learning settings such as learning centers. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of educational video-based classical guidance services in reducing students’ learning burnout at a Malaysian learning center. The study employed a quantitative experimental approach using a one-group pretest–posttest design involving 11 sixth-grade students. Data were collected using a learning burnout questionnaire consisting of 16 validated statements administered before and after the intervention. The classical guidance services were delivered using educational video media designed to enhance students’ interest, emotional engagement, and learning motivation. Data analysis was conducted using a t-test to examine differences in learning burnout levels between pretest and posttest scores. The results showed a significant decrease in students’ learning burnout, indicated by a reduction in the mean score from 51.55 at pretest to 29.91 at posttest, with a significance value (Sig. 2-tailed) of 0.000 < 0.05. These findings demonstrate that integrating educational videos into classical guidance services effectively reduces learning burnout by fostering a more engaging and psychologically supportive learning environment. This study concludes that educational video-based classical guidance services represent an innovative and practical counseling intervention for addressing learning burnout in learning centers, encouraging counselors and educators to strategically integrate digital media into classical guidance practices.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rahmawati, M Fauzi Hasibuan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Application of Modeling Technique to Improve Learning Interest of Slow Learner Students in Elementary School
Low learning interest is one of the main problems commonly experienced by slow learner students in elementary schools. This condition affects students’ attention, participation, and willingness to engage in learning activities. Therefore, learning strategies that provide concrete and easily understood learning experiences are needed for slow learner students. This study aims to describe the implementation of the modelling technique in improving the learning interest of slow learner students in elementary school. This research employed a qualitative approach with a one-group pre-test–post-test design. The research subjects consisted of three third-grade students categorized as slow learners. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Learning interest was measured based on three aspects: attention, enjoyment, and enthusiasm. The results showed that the application of the modelling technique led to positive changes in students’ learning interest, indicated by increased attention during learning, more active participation in classroom activities, and improved self-confidence. Statistical analysis using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test showed a significance value of p = 0.102, indicating that the improvement was not statistically significant. However, the consistent positive behavioral changes observed in all subjects suggest that the modelling technique has a positive practical impact on improving the learning interest of slow learner students. Thus, the modelling technique can be considered an alternative adaptive learning strategy to support inclusive learning in elementary schools.
Copyright (c) 2025 Andini Salsabilla Putri, Prianggi Amelasasih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship Spirituality and Gratitude With Subjective Well-Being in Special School Teachers in Yogyakarta City
This study aims to determine the relationship between spirituality and gratitude with subjective well-being among Special Needs School Teachers in Yogyakarta City. Special Needs School teachers face significant challenges in educating children with special needs, both in terms of emotional demands, workload, and limitations in communication, so their subjective well-being is an important aspect to study. This study used a quantitative approach with a correlational method. The research subjects were 122 special needs school teachers in Yogyakarta City who were selected through a purposive sampling technique. Data collection was carried out using three psychological scales, namely the subjective well-being scale, the spirituality scale, and the gratitude scale. The data analysis of this study used multiple regression tests with the results showing a positive and significant relationship between spirituality and gratitude with subjective well-being in special needs school teachers (R = 0.693, p = 0.000). The findings of this study indicate that spirituality has a positive and significant relationship with subjective well-being with a value of r = 0.635. In addition, gratitude also has a positive and significant relationship with subjective well-being with a value of r = 0.521. This study concluded that spirituality and gratitude play a significant role in maintaining teachers' subjective well-being in special education settings. Spirituality had a 29.6% effective contribution to subjective well-being, while gratitude contributed 18.4%. Simultaneously, these two variables contributed a total of 48% to improving subjective well-being, while the remaining 52% is influenced by other factors not examined in this study.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fadhila Hazrotus Sholiha, Tri Winarsih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Impact of Nomophobia on Learning Concentration and Its Management Through Guidance Counseling Services at MDTA Aek Badak
Current technological developments are advancing rapidly. These developments do not simply allow humans to live as usual; they have a major impact on human life. Students who do not hold or carry their cell phones feel uneasy or afraid because they do not bring their cell phones wherever they go. This term refers to nomophobia. This study uses a qualitative approach as a qualitative research design. This study will use in-depth interviews, while paying attention to data validity consisting of credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. Data analysis can be carried out in various ways, ranging from data reduction, data presentation, to drawing conclusions. At MDTA Aek Badak, cell phone use has become a worrying habit. Students find it difficult to focus, become easily agitated when they do not have their cell phones, become angry when asked to stop playing, and often come to class tired because they play until late at night. Guidance and counseling are at the forefront of addressing this issue.In addressing nomophobia, guidance counselors not only provide advice but also offer emotional support to students. The guidance and counseling at MDTA Aek Badak play an important role in overcoming nomophobia by using preventive, curative, and educational approaches. Parental involvement in monitoring cell phone use at home makes it easier to change and maintain student behavior, which supports the success of guidance and counseling.
Copyright (c) 2025 Asmaryadi, Fatma Suryani Harahap, Riski Baroroh, Fauzan Habibie Nasution, Devi Adriany, Mutiara Astari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effectiveness of Group Guidance in Addressing Bullying Issues at Sanggar Malaysia
Bullying is a social problem that can negatively affect the emotional, psychological, and social development of elementary school students. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of group guidance services in addressing bullying problems among students at Sanggar Malaysia. The research employed a quantitative method using a pre-experimental approach with a One-Group Pretest–Posttest design. The research subjects consisted of six sixth-grade students who were identified as experiencing or being involved in bullying behavior and were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using a bullying behavior questionnaire administered before and after the implementation of the group guidance service. Data analysis was conducted using statistical tests to determine differences in the level of bullying behavior before and after the intervention. The results of the study showed a significant decrease in bullying behavior after the participants took part in group guidance activities, which was indicated by increased social awareness, greater empathy toward peers, and improved ability to control aggressive behavior. These findings indicate that the group dynamics created during the guidance process allowed participants to share experiences, understand the impact of bullying behavior, and develop more positive social attitudes. Therefore, it can be concluded that group guidance is an effective intervention strategy for addressing bullying problems in non-formal learning environments such as Sanggar Malaysia. The results of this study are expected to encourage readers to reflect on the role of group guidance services as a potential preventive and curative approach in creating a safe, empathetic, and bullying-free educational environment.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dedek Rahmawati, M Fauzi Hasibuan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effectiveness of Group Guidance in Improving Students Interpersonal Communication at the Malaysian Guidance Center School
Interpersonal communication skills play a crucial role in students’ social adjustment and learning success, particularly in non-formal educational settings such as guidance center schools. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of group guidance services in improving students’ interpersonal communication skills at the Malaysian Guidance Center School. The study employed a quantitative experimental approach using a pretest–posttest design involving 11 fifth-grade students. Data were collected through an interpersonal communication questionnaire consisting of 20 items administered before and after the group guidance intervention. The group guidance services were implemented by utilizing group dynamics to encourage interaction, self-expression, and mutual understanding among students. Data analysis was conducted using a t-test to examine differences in students’ interpersonal communication skills between pretest and posttest scores. The results indicated a significant improvement in students’ interpersonal communication skills, as evidenced by an increase in the mean score from 63.73 at pretest to 76.36 at posttest, with a significance value (Sig. 2-tailed) of 0.000 < 0.05. These findings demonstrate that group guidance services are effective in enhancing students’ interpersonal communication by fostering confidence, openness, and positive social interaction. This study concludes that group guidance represents an effective and practical counseling intervention for improving students’ interpersonal communication skills in guidance center schools.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rahmi Fadilah Harahap, M Fauzi Hasibuan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effectiveness of Classical Tutoring Services in Improving Student Learning Motivation at the Sanggar Bimbingan Kampung Bharu, Malaysia
This study aims to determine the effectiveness of classical guidance services in improving students’ learning motivation at the Sanggar Bimbingan Kampung Bharu, Malaysia. The research employed a quantitative approach using a pre-experimental method with a One Group Pretest–Posttest Design. The study involved 10 students who participated in the classical guidance sessions. The instrument used was a learning motivation questionnaire based on a Likert scale. Data were analyzed using the Paired Sample t-test to examine differences in scores before and after the intervention. The results showed an increase in the average learning motivation score from 30.2 on the pretest to 36.8 on the posttest, with a mean difference of 6.6 points. The statistical test results indicated that the calculated t-value (12.69) was greater than the critical t-value (2.262) at a 0.05 significance level, meaning there was a significant difference between pretest and posttest scores. This finding demonstrates that classical guidance services are effective in enhancing students’ learning motivation. Through structured and interactive guidance activities, students were able to recognize their potential, foster enthusiasm for learning, and develop learning independence. Therefore, classical guidance services have proven to be an effective strategy to be implemented in non-formal educational institutions to foster students’ learning motivation. The results of this study are expected to serve as a reference for counselors and educators in developing guidance programs in non-formal institutions, especially for Indonesian children studying abroad. These findings highlight the importance of structured classical guidance in strengthening students’ internal learning drive, an aspect that deserves further attention in non-formal educational settings.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sita Shoyana, M Fauzi Hasibuan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Implementation of Bullying Danger Psychoeducation to Prevent Bullying Behavior among Elementary School Students
Bullying behavior remains a serious issue in elementary school settings, particularly in verbal and social forms that negatively affect students’ psychological well-being and the overall school climate. This study aimed to implement and examine the effectiveness of psychoeducation on the dangers of bullying as a preventive intervention among elementary school students. The research employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest–posttest format. The participants were sixth-grade students of UPT SD Negeri 26 Gresik who were identified as having tendencies toward bullying behavior. Data were collected through a bullying questionnaire administered before and after the psychoeducational intervention to measure students’ understanding and tendencies related to bullying behavior. Prior to its use, the instrument was tested and confirmed to be valid and reliable for measuring bullying-related constructs. The psychoeducation program was conducted intensively through structured sessions focusing on the definition, forms, psychological impacts, and prevention of bullying. Data analysis using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test indicated a significant difference between pretest and posttest results, showing a reduction in bullying tendencies and an increase in students’ awareness and preventive attitudes. These findings demonstrate that psychoeducation on the dangers of bullying is an effective intervention for reducing bullying behavior and fostering prosocial awareness among elementary school students. This study highlights the importance of integrating psychoeducational programs into school-based guidance and counseling services to promote a safe, supportive, and bullying-free school environment.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Kevin Duta Maulana, Ima Fitri Sholichah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Experimental Study on Positive Reinforcement Using Picture Cards to Improve Elementary School Students' Writing Skills
Writing is a fundamental literacy skill that remains a major challenge for elementary school students in Indonesia. Many students experience difficulties in organizing ideas, constructing sentences, and maintaining writing motivation, which negatively affects their literacy development. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of positive reinforcement using picture card in improving elementary school students’ writing skills. The research employed a experimen approach with a One Group Pretest–Posttest Design. The participants were 20 third-grade students from UPT SDN 26 Gresik, selected based on initial screening results. Data were collected using a validated writing skill assessment covering aspects of letter formation, sentence construction, spelling accuracy, and writing neatness, and were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The results indicated a significant improvement in students’ writing performance, with the mean score increasing from 25.00 in the pretest to 36.50 in the posttest, representing a 57% improvement. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between pretest and posttest scores p = 0.001 (p < 0.05), with all participants demonstrating positive score gains. These findings confirm that positive reinforcement supported by picture card media is effective in enhancing elementary students’ writing skills. The study strengthens the application of Skinner’s operant conditioning theory in literacy learning and offers practical implications for developing engaging, motivating, and student-centered writing instruction in elementary education.
Copyright (c) 2025 Anisa Farah Adiba, Awang Setiawan Wicaksono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship between Self-Acceptance and Flourishing among Working Students in Yogyakarta
This study aims to determine the relationship between self-acceptance and flourishing among students working in Yogyakarta. Flourishing is the focus because it reflects optimal psychological well-being, which includes positive emotions, engagement, healthy social relationships, meaning in life, and achievement, all of which are important aspects for students facing the dual burden of academics and work. Self-acceptance is a primary concern because it serves as the foundation for psychological well-being, helping individuals accept their strengths and weaknesses fully, thereby increasing their resilience to pressure and stress. The study used a correlational quantitative approach with 244 student respondents aged 18-27 years. Data were collected using the Flourishing scale based on the PERMA model (Cronbach's Alpha = 0.886; 17 items) and the Self-Acceptance scale (Cronbach's Alpha = 0.793; 19 items). Analysis used normality tests, linearity tests, and Spearman's correlation. The results showed that the majority of respondents were in the moderate category for both variables, namely 89.34% for flourishing and 61.89% for self-acceptance. Spearman's correlation showed a significant positive relationship between self-acceptance and flourishing (r = 0.558; p = 0.000), with self-acceptance explaining approximately 27.7% of the variation in flourishing. These findings confirm the important role of self-acceptance in supporting the psychological well-being of working students. This study is expected to serve as the basis for developing interventions that target increasing self-acceptance to improve student flourishing.
Copyright (c) 2025 Lola Julistia, Agus Salim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Conflict Management Instruments for Muhammadiyah High School Students
This study aims to develop and evaluate the validity and reliability of a conflict management scale specifically designed for students of Muhammadiyah senior high schools in Yogyakarta City. The development process began with constructing indicators based on Robbins and Judge’s five dimensions competition, collaboration, avoidance, accommodation, and compromise followed by content validation by nine experts using Aiken’s V. The analysis produced V values ranging from 0.638 to 0.972 (>0.50), indicating that all items were suitable for further testing. The scale was then administered to 363 students aged 14–19 years from seven Muhammadiyah senior high schools. Participants were selected through purposive sampling based on the criteria of being active students in grades X, XI, and XII. Data were analyzed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) with LISREL to verify the factor structure. The results demonstrated good model fit (χ²/df = 1.24; RMSEA = 0.028; GFI = 0.92; AGFI = 0.90; CFI = 0.99). Construct reliability was achieved, with Composite Reliability values ranging from 0.840 to 0.890 and Average Variance Extracted values above 0.50 across all dimensions. Descriptive findings showed that accommodation was the most dominant conflict management style among students. Overall, the scale is valid, reliable, and suitable for psychological assessment and for supporting character education programs in schools. These findings guide readers to consider how conflict management patterns shape student character development in educational settings.
Copyright (c) 2025 Salsabila Maharani Irsa Putri, Mustaqim Setyo Ariyanto, Agus Salim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship Between Pet Attachment And Emotional Focused Coping Among College Students Who Own Cats
Emotional focused coping in college students is influenced by several factors, one of which is external factors such as environmental conditions and the receipt of social support. This study aims to determine the relationship between pet attachment and emotional focused coping in college cat owners. The research method used is quantitative correlation using accidental sampling technique. The sample used by the researcher was 203 respondents who were college cat owners in Yogyakarta. Data collection used a pet attachment scale and emotional focused coping. Research data analysis used a product moment correlation test. The results of this study indicate that there is a relationship between pet attachment and emotional focused coping in college cat owners in Yogyakarta with a significant value (sig) of 0.001 (p <0.05) meaning that when the level of emotional focused coping increases, the level of pet attachment tends to decrease, or vice versa. These findings are expected to help readers understand how attachment patterns with pets influence students' emotional coping strategies in the modern era.
Copyright (c) 2025 Salmaa Asmahan Fa'izah, Mustaqim Setyo Ariyanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Loneliness Among Users of Online Lovers Rental Services on Platform X
The phenomenon of online lovers rental on platform X reflects a new way of fulfilling social needs in the digital age. This study aims to determine the relationship between self-esteem and loneliness among users of online lovers rental services on platform X. This study uses a correlational quantitative method with accidental sampling technique. There were 100 participants aged 18-40 years who had used online lovers rental services on platform X. The research instruments used a modified loneliness scale from the UCLA Loneliness Scale Version 3 (29 items, α = 0.947) and a modified self-esteem scale from the Coopersmith scale (32 items, α = 0.916). Data analysis used the Product Moment correlation technique. The results showed a significant positive relationship between self-esteem and loneliness (r = 0.263; p = 0.008), which means that the higher the self-esteem of online lovers rental users, the higher the level of loneliness they felt. This contradicts the common assumption that people who are confident and value themselves are not prone to loneliness. This finding reveals the reality in the digital age that numerous virtual connections, including through online lovers rental services, are unable to significantly reduce a person's feelings of loneliness, which leads readers to analyze how virtual intimacy platforms shape users' emotional experiences in the digital era.
Copyright (c) 2025 Amalia Hasna Fauziyyah, Andhita Dyorita Khoiryasdien https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Body Shaming in Terms of Gender Differences
The phenomenon of body shaming has become a social problem that is increasingly prevalent in various circles, especially in the era of social media where physical appearance is the standard for self-assessment. Differences in perception and behavior between male and female often influence how people judge and convey other people's bodies. This study aims to describe differences in levels of body shaming behavior in terms of gender. This study is a comparative study with a sample of 160 people (male = 66; female = 94) obtained through a random sampling technique. Data analysis used an independent t-test to determine differences in body shaming behavior between male and female. The analysis results showed a t-value of 2.457 with a significance level of p < 0.015, which means there are significant differences in body shaming behavior based on gender. The results show that female have a higher tendency to be perpetrators of body shaming than male. This finding emphasizes the importance of implementing education and social interventions that consider gender aspects in efforts to reduce body shaming behavior in society.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fitri Arnita, Zara Mayra, Kartika Wulan Fahmi, Reggiana Brescia, Nada Fristy, ⁠Anisa Melamita, Putri Fakhrina Sari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of Mental Spiritual Guidance on Self-Acceptance Among Single Mothers in Gampong Mon Geudong
This study discusses the influence of mental and spiritual guidance on self-acceptance among single mothers in Gampong Mon Geudong, Lhokseumawe City. Self-acceptance among single parents varies. Since single parents face different challenges, some struggle to accept themselves as single mothers, seek pleasure for themselves, disrupt others' households, or experience mental health issues. The objective of this study is to determine whether there is an influence of spiritual and mental guidance on self-acceptance among single parents. The type of research used is descriptive quantitative. The population consists of 25 single parents. The sample used in this study was obtained using the Nonprobability Sampling technique with saturated sampling. The researcher used this sampling technique because the sample size was 25 people. Saturated sampling is conducted when the population is less than 30 people. The data analysis technique used was simple linear regression. The results of this study indicate that spiritual guidance falls into the moderate category, while self-acceptance among single mothers also falls into the moderate category. There is a positive influence of spiritual guidance on self-acceptance, meaning that the hypothesis of this study is accepted. The influence is 32.9%, with the remaining percentage influenced by other factors not investigated in this study.
Copyright (c) 2025 Desy Murni Lasari, Mutiara Zatil Aqmar, Minda Septiani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Self-Awareness Research Trends In The Indonesian Journal of Guidance and Counseling
Self-awareness serves as a cornerstone of personal understanding and consciousness. This ability helps individuals to understand themselves and grow into good people. Study This uses analysis content on several articles published in journals, including guidance and counseling/Islamic guidance and counseling throughout Indonesia, with self-awareness as the main focus of the study. This study discloses that several publications focusing on self-awareness show pattern fluctuations, of which 2022 is peak experience enhancement. Among these publications, the most dominant research design is quantitative research. Apart from that, high school students, multicultural awareness and sociodrama techniques are the targets, focus of study and most treatment. In connection with the findings of this study, several recommendations have been proposed for future research that bases self-awareness as the main focus. These recommendations include increasing the diversity of research types and choosing a more varied treatment technique.
Copyright (c) 2025 Al Halik, Zamratul Aini, Diana Devi, Teuku Yasser https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of Group Counseling Using Cognitive Dispute Techniques To Reduce Academic Procrastination Behavior In Students With Atychiphobia
Academic procrastination is the act of delaying tasks or work that should be prioritized without a clear reason. This study aims to determine the influence and effectiveness of group counseling services using cognitive dispute techniques in reducing academic procrastination behavior in students with atychiphobia. This study employs a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design of the non-equivalent control group type. The population in this study consists of all eleventh-grade students at State Senior High School 1 Percut Sei Tuan, with a purposive sampling method yielding a sample size of 14 students divided into an experimental group and a control group. Data collection techniques used an academic procrastination scale questionnaire. Data analysis used a non-parametric test, namely the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test, which aimed to determine the difference in academic procrastination levels before and after the service was provided. The results of the study showed that there was an effect of group counseling services using cognitive dispute techniques in reducing academic procrastination behavior in students with atychiphobia. This is indicated by the results of the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, with a Z value of -2.371 and Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.018, which is smaller than the significance level of 0.05 (p < 0.05) for the experimental group, while there was no significant change in the control group that did not receive any treatment.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sri Puspita Della Aryadi, Ade Chita Putri Harahap https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Differences in Altruism Among Guidance and Counseling Teachers Based on Gender in Providing Individual Counseling Services in High Schools
This study aims to determine the differences in altruism between male and female school counselors in providing individual counseling services at SMA Negeri 1 Sunggal during the 2024/2025 academic year. Altruism is defined as the sincere willingness to help students without expecting any reward, demonstrated through empathy, belief in a just world, social responsibility, internal locus of control, and low egocentrism. This research employed a descriptive quantitative comparative approach using a survey method. The sample consisted of 105 students who had received individual counseling services, along with 5 school counselors as supporting data. The instrument used was a Likert scale questionnaire b4ased on altruism aspects, and the data were analyzed using an independent t-test. The results showed a statistically significant difference in the level of altruism between male and female school counselors, with t = -2.209 and sig. (2-tailed) = 0.029 (p < 0.05). Female school counselors had a higher average altruism score of 98.92, compared to 96.55 for male school counselors. These findings indicate that female school counselors tend to demonstrate a higher level of altruism in delivering individual counseling services. This study offers valuable implications for professional development in school counseling, especially in recognizing the influence of gender in counseling dynamics.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dhea Amalia Putri Risaldy, Zuraida Lubis, Hafiz Yazid Lubis, Yuni Hajar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Implementation of Group Guidance Using Spinner Media (Interactive Spinning Wheel) To Improve Students' Self-Esteem
The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of implementing group guidance services using spinner media (interactive spinning wheel) in improving self-esteem of grade VIII students at SMP Negeri 5 Percut Sei Tuan. This study uses a qualitative research type by applying the guidance and counseling action research method (PTBK). This is because the research was conducted through a series of stages. This study was conducted in two cycles starting from identifying problems in the classroom, then designing and implementing intervention actions, conducting reflections, analyzing the results, and making improvements in the second cycle. The results showed an increase in students' self-esteem after participating in group guidance services with spinner media. In cycle I, students still seemed hesitant and not fully open in expressing their feelings. However, the spinner media began to open up space for expression although it was not evenly distributed. Entering cycle II, significant changes were seen: students were more enthusiastic, open in sharing experiences, and showed more reflective and honest interactions. This indicates that the use of spinner media is effective in creating a safe group atmosphere and supporting increased self-esteem. group guidance services using spinner media (interactive spinning wheel) have a positive impact on increasing students' self-esteem. These changes are evident in the attitudes, behavior, and ways in which students view and value themselves after actively participating in the service.
Copyright (c) 2025 Siti Walidah Nasution https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship Between Permissive Parenting Styles dan Promiscuity Among High School Students
This study aims to determine the relationship between permissive parenting styles and promiscuity among tenth-grade students at SMA Negeri 18 Medan. The research approach used is quantitative with a correlational method. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling, with a total of 69 respondents from a total population of 230 students. The results of the data analysis indicate a significant positive correlation between permissive parenting styles and free-wheeling social behavior. The higher the level of permissive parenting applied by parents, the higher the tendency for students to engage in promiscuity. This is indicated by the coefficient of determination (r²) value of 0.674, meaning that permissive parenting contributes 45.43% to promiscuous behavior. The remainder is influenced by other factors such as self-control, family economics, and social environment. Descriptively, permissive parenting is predominantly in the moderate category (62.3%), with the main aspect being a lack of parental attention to the child's responsibilities, social interactions, and personal issues. Free-wheeling behavior is also in the moderate category (71.0%), with dominant factors including the influence of mass media, social environment, and personal motivation. These findings highlight the importance of active parental involvement in guiding adolescent development to prevent deviant behavior.
Copyright (c) 2025 Asiah, Delima Gustina Manullang, Rafael Lisinus Ginting, Erwita Ika Violina https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0