Indonesian Counseling and Psychology e-ISSN: 2776-740X | p-ISSN: 2775-7587 Frequency : 2 issues per year (June & December) DOI: https://doi.org/10.24114/icp OAI: https://jurnal.unimed.ac.id/2012/index.php/ergasia/oai Editor in Chief : Miswanto (Scopus, Sinta) Managing Editor: Mirza Irawan (Scopus, Sinta) Publisher: Universitas Negeri Medan Accreditation Rankings : Sinta 4 Indonesian Counseling and Psychology is an open access and peer-reviewed scientific journal. This journal publishes original articles related to research, Counseling and Psychology theory development and program application related to the field of counseling and psychology. This journal is managed by the Guidance and Counseling Study Program, Faculty of Education, State University of Medan. This journal is published two times a year in June and December, and collaborates with the Regional Board of the Indonesian Guidance and Counseling Association (ABKIN). Indonesian Counseling and Psychology is a journal that publishes comprehensive research articles with reviews from leading experts in the field of counseling and psychology. Submitted manuscripts will be selected based on their high scientific quality, the importance of the new knowledge they provide, and their relevance to the counseling and psychology community. Indonesian Counseling and Psychology is Indexed By: Indonesian Counseling and Psychology is accredited by the Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education, Republic of Indonesia, which is ranked Fourth Grade (Sinta 4) from 2022 to 2027 based on Decree No. 10/C/CE/DT.05.00/05.00/2025. https://jurnal.uisu.ac.id/index.php/languageliteracy https://jurnal.uisu.ac.id/index.php/mesuisu https://ojs.ejournalunigoro.com/index.php/sintesi ROKOKBET https://revistas.unbosque.edu.co/index.php/RCE ROKOKBET
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Development of a Problem-Solving Maze to Train the Problem-Solving Skills of Madrasah Aliyah Students
Problem-solving skills are one of the essential 21st-century skills that students need to possess. However, the results of observations, interviews, and needs assessments at Nur Adia Tanjung Selamat Private Madrasah Aliyah indicate that students’ problem-solving skills still need improvement, while the guidance and counseling resources currently in use remain limited and lack interactivity. This study aims to develop the Problem Solving Maze as a guidance and counseling service medium to train the problem-solving skills of Madrasah Aliyah students. The study employed the Research and Development (R&D) method using the 4D development model, which includes the Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate stages. The research subjects consisted of subject matter experts, media experts, one guidance and counseling teacher, and 25 students from grades 10 and 11. Data were collected through interviews, needs analysis questionnaires, expert validation forms, and response questionnaires for the guidance and counseling teacher and students, then analyzed descriptively and quantitatively using percentages. The results showed that the Problem Solving Maze received a subject matter expert validation score of 88% and a media expert validation score of 85%, both categorized as “highly suitable.” The response rate from guidance counselors was 84.7%, categorized as “highly practical,” while the student response rate was 75.6%, categorized as “good/practical.” Thus, the Problem Solving Maze was deemed valid, practical, and suitable for use as a guidance and counseling tool to train students’ problem-solving skills.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tengku Annisa Saroya, Purbatua Manurung https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship Between the Quarter-Life Crisis and Anxiety About Entering the Workforce Among Senior College Students
Anxiety about entering the workforce is one of the psychological problems commonly experienced by final-year university students as they transition from academic life to the professional world. One of the psychological factors presumed to be associated with this condition is the quarter-life crisis. This study aimed to empirically examine the relationship between quarter-life crisis and anxiety about entering the workforce among final-year students. The hypothesis proposed that there is a positive relationship between quarter-life crisis and anxiety about entering the workforce. This study employed a quantitative correlational research design. The sample was selected using a purposive sampling technique and consisted of 160 final-year students. The research instruments included the Quarter-Life Crisis Scale and the Workforce Entry Anxiety Scale, both of which met the validity and reliability requirements. Data were analyzed using the Pearson Product-Moment correlation technique with the assistance of Jamovi software. The results revealed a significant and very strong positive relationship between quarter-life crisis and anxiety about entering the workforce (r = 0.932, p < 0.001). Therefore, the proposed hypothesis was accepted. These findings indicate that the higher the level of quarter-life crisis experienced by students, the higher their anxiety about entering the workforce, and vice versa. The findings are expected to serve as a basis for universities in developing career guidance and psychological support programs to assist students in preparing for the transition into the workforce.
Copyright (c) 2026 Florentina Pravista Alver Dwioknia, Berliana Henu Cahyani, Andreas Yudha Fery https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Emotion Regulation and Social Support in Deaf Adults: Empirical Findings from an Indonesian Sample
This study examined the contribution of social support to emotion regulation among deaf adults in Indonesia. A quantitative approach with a correlational research design was employed. The participants consisted of 122 deaf adults aged between 18 and 60 years who were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected using the Social Support Scale and the Emotion Regulation Scale, which had demonstrated satisfactory validity and reliability. Data were analyzed using simple linear regression to determine the contribution of social support to emotion regulation. The findings revealed a significant positive contribution of social support to emotion regulation, indicated by a significance value of 0.004 (p < .05) and an R² value of 0.066. These results suggest that social support accounted for 6.6% of the variance in emotion regulation, while the remaining 93.4% was explained by other factors beyond the scope of this study. The findings indicate that deaf adults who receive greater social support tend to demonstrate better emotion regulation. This study highlights the importance of strengthening social support from families, peers, and communities while encouraging further research to identify other psychological and environmental factors that contribute to emotion regulation among deaf adults.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rapika, Iftita Rahmi, Hanifa Laura Dalimunthe, Rahmadianti Aulia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
An Analysis of Digital Social Validation Behavior in Adolescents: Implications for Creative Counseling
The rapid growth of social media has transformed the way adolescents build social relationships and seek recognition through various forms of digital social validation, such as likes, comments, and followers. This phenomenon has the potential to influence adolescents' social and psychological behavior, thereby requiring greater attention within Guidance and Counseling services. This study aimed to explore adolescents' digital social validation behavior and identify its implications for the development of creative counseling. A descriptive-exploratory research design was employed involving 125 adolescents aged 18–23 years who actively use social media. The research instrument consisted of a Digital Social Validation Behavior Questionnaire developed using a five-point Likert scale and open-ended questions. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis, while responses to the open-ended questions were examined through thematic analysis. The findings revealed that the attention to digital feedback indicator demonstrated the highest tendency (mean = 3.56–4.42), whereas the remaining indicators were categorized as moderate to high. The thematic analysis further indicated that adolescents primarily use social media for communication, entertainment, and self-expression. In addition, respondents preferred experience-based counseling activities, particularly nature-based activities (56.5%), storytelling (43.5%), and music-based activities (42.4%). The study concludes that Guidance and Counseling services should adopt more contextual, participatory, and developmentally appropriate creative counseling approaches that align with the characteristics of adolescents in the digital era. The findings are expected to serve as an empirical foundation for guidance and counseling teachers and professional counselors in designing creative counseling services that are more responsive to the dynamics of adolescents' digital behavior.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ristra Sandra Ritonga, Annisa May Syarah Nasution, Utami Nurhafsari Putri, Rizki Ananda Syafitri, Rezi Akbar Zarnazi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Implementation Of Website-Based E-Counseling KOCAS (Student Confession Box) As A Medium For Disclosing Student Problems
This research examines the implementation of Website-Based E-Counseling KOCAS (Student Complaint Box) as a Media for Disclosing Student Problems in Schools. Guidance and counseling teachers can use media to help provide services to students. One of them is with a problem box, both physical and digital, which can provide students with a space to express problems without fear, helping counselors understand and handle problems proactively. Guidance and counseling have a very important role in the academic, social and emotional development of students, but there are still many negative stigmas attached to BK services in schools, especially at SMAN 1 Bulukumba. This study aims to analyze the implementation of E-Counseling Student Complaint Box (KOCAS) as a digital instrument in supporting more efficient service transformation and changing negative perspectives and stigmas as well as the limited implementation of guidance and counseling services for students in schools. The type of research is development research with data collection techniques used are interviews and questionnaires. The results of the study indicate that the website-based e-counseling system KOCAS (Student Confession Box) as a medium for students to express their problems at school has shown positive responses and is acceptable. A small group trial of 10 students with a counselor showed very positive (high) responses and is therefore acceptable. These findings indicate that the e-counseling system KOCAS is effective in helping students express emotions, uncover problems, strengthen the relationship between counselors and students, and eliminate the negative stigma surrounding guidance and counseling services.
Copyright (c) 2025 Magfiratul Hidayah, Nurhikmah H, Rina Asriani Bakri, M. Fiqri Syahril https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Need-Based Development of Out-Of-School Guidance and Counseling Services to Strengthen Self-Identity of Karang Taruna Youth
This study aims to design a needs-based Out-of-School Guidance and Counseling program to strengthen self-identity and career readiness among members of the “X” Karang Taruna youth organization in Bantaeng Regency. A qualitative case study approach was used. The instruments employed were observation and interviews. The subjects of this study were 30 Karang Taruna members aged 16–25 years. Data analysis was conducted using thematic analysis, which included open coding, thematic grouping, and interpretation of meaning. Data from observations and interviews were transcribed verbatim and then categorized into main themes such as self-confidence, career, and life skills. The research results revealed three main issues: low self-efficacy and anxiety when speaking in public, an unclear career path, and limited life skills. This program comprises three components: Public Speaking Training, Career Planning Guidance, and Life Skills Training, and is proposed as a community-based counseling model to address psychosocial issues in non-formal youth settings.
Copyright (c) 2026 Siska Putri Ayu, Maslina, Inayah Ridhayanti Qarimah, A Nurainun Jariah, Aswar, Ryan Hidayat Rafiola https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Influence of Social Media and Anxiety on Students’ Understanding of Learning: A Case Study
The rapid development of information and communication technology has increased the intensity of social media use, especially among students. Although social media provides various benefits, excessive use can have negative psychological impacts such as anxiety and student learning comprehension. This study aims to analyze the influence of social media use and social anxiety on the learning comprehension of students majoring in Business Administration at Sriwijaya State Polytechnic, Palembang. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. Data were collected from students through an online questionnaire distributed via Google Forms. Data analysis will use the multiple linear regression method. The sample of this study was 103 students of Sriwijaya State Polytechnic Bukit class. This research method used regression. Social media, anxiety, and learning comprehension were measured and collected using a questionnaire with a Lickert scale. Then, the data were analyzed using SPSS software. The results and conclusions show that social media and anxiety have an influence on student learning comprehension. The regression analysis found that social media contributed to learning comprehension (β = 0.159, p < 0.05) and anxiety also contributed to learning comprehension (β = 0.213, p < 0.05). The findings of this study are expected to provide students with insight into using social media more wisely.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rizal Afif A. Napitupulu, Ardelia Suharmanto, Lucy LS https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of Authoritarian Parenting Styles on Identity Crisis Among High School Students
Parents who are overly strict in enforcing rules and exercising control can trigger role confusion and hinder adolescents’ process of self-exploration. This study aims to examine the influence of authoritarian parenting on identity crises among high school students. This study employs a quantitative approach using a simple linear regression design. The study participants consisted of 36 students aged 16–17 years, all 11th-grade students, selected using proportionate stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a Likert-scale questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 25. The results indicate that authoritarian parenting has a positive and significant effect on identity crisis, accounting for 71.6% of the variance. These results indicate that the higher the level of authoritarian parenting, the higher the tendency for students to experience an identity crisis. These findings underscore the importance of evaluating parental parenting styles to minimize the risk of psychosocial developmental barriers and to support the formation of a more mature adolescent identity within the school environment.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhazir, Risa Agustiana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of Person-Job Fit on Perceived Employability of Internship Participants
This study aimed to examine the effect of person-job fit on perceived employability among interns. This correlational quantitative study involved all active interns at PT Swabina Gatra using a saturated sampling technique. Data collection utilized valid and reliable Likert scale questionnaires. The descriptive statistical results showed that the distribution of the person-job fit variable was dominated by the moderate category (74.0%), followed by high (14.0%) and low (12.0%) categories. Meanwhile, perceived employability was also dominated by the moderate category (72.0%), followed by low (16.0%) and high (12.0%) categories. Hypothesis testing proved that person-job fit has a positive and significant effect on perceived employability, with a contribution effect (R-Square) of 55.2%. The alignment between individual competencies and job demands is the main determinant in shaping interns' subjective beliefs regarding their career competitiveness. This research recommends a career briefing program based on psychological strengthening through personal SWOT analysis to improve the adaptability and perceived employability of industrial interns.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nur Aulia Rahmah Prayugo, Idha Rahayuningsih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of Body Image and Self-Acceptance on Dieting among Early Adult Women in Fitness Studios
Aesthetic pressure in fitness environments often drives early adult women to engage in dieting influenced by psychological dynamics. This study examined the influence of body image and self-acceptance on diet behavior among early adult women in dance studios. Using a quantitative associative approach with a survey design, the study involved 139 women aged 18–40 years from Dewi Dance Studio and La Dinda Club Lamongan through saturated sampling. Data were collected using three psychological scales and analyzed with multiple linear regression using JASP software. Results showed body image and self-acceptance simultaneously influenced diet behavior significantly (F = 10.28; p < 0.001). Partially, body image had a positive effect (β = 0.261; p = 0.001), while self-acceptance had a negative effect (β = −0.261; p = 0.001), contributing 13.1% to diet behavior variance. These findings provide a foundation for readers to critically analyze the shift in dieting motives within fitness environments and the urgency of integrating psychological interventions into fitness programs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Winadia Warnarana Ardiani, Idha Rahayuningsih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Between Entertainment and Rest: The Role of Self-regulation in Overcoming Bedtime procrastination Among Working College Students
Working students face a double burden of academic and work responsibilities, making them prone to bedtime procrastination. This study aims to examine the effect of self-regulation on bedtime procrastination among working students. A quantitative regression design was employed. Participants consisted of 175 active undergraduate students working part-time, recruited through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using simple linear regression with IBM SPSS 27 version. The results indicate that self-regulation has a significant negative effect on bedtime procrastination among working students (F = 74.899; p < 0.001). The R² value of 0.302 indicates that self-regulation accounts for 30.2% of the variance in bedtime procrastination, while the remaining 69.8% is influenced by other variables not examined in this study. This means that the higher a working student’s self-regulation ability, the lower their tendency to delay going to sleep. These findings underscore the importance of developing self-regulation skills as a means to improve both the quality and quantity of sleep among working students.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tasya Ulfaningsi, Hanny Rufaidah Damra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effectiveness of Behavioral Counseling in Reducing Temperamental Behavior among Students at MTsS MUQ Pagar Air
This study aims to examine the effectiveness of behavioral counseling in reducing students' temperamental behavior. The research employed a quantitative approach using a pre-experimental method with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The subjects consisted of 7 seventh-grade students of MTsS MUQ Pagar Air Banda Aceh who were selected through purposive sampling based on their high levels of temperamental behavior. Data were collected using a questionnaire covering the aspects of emotionality, activity, and sociability. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, paired sample t-test, and N-Gain analysis with the assistance of IBM SPSS Statistics version 25. The results showed that the mean pretest score of 66.86 decreased to 25.71 in the posttest. The paired sample t-test revealed a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05, indicating a significant difference before and after the treatment. The average N-Gain score of 0.61 was categorized as moderately effective. Therefore, behavioral counseling using the operant conditioning technique was found to be effective in reducing students' temperamental behavior. These findings are expected to encourage readers to further analyze the role of behavioral counseling services as an appropriate intervention strategy in helping students develop self-control and more adaptive behavior within the school environment.
Copyright (c) 2026 Putri Rizka Humaira, Fakhri Yacob https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of Gratitude on Social Comparison Among Emerging Adulthood TikTok Users in Padang City
The rapid growth of social media use, particularly TikTok, has increased individuals’ exposure to curated representations of others’ lives, which may intensify social comparison processes. This study aims to examine the effect of gratitude on social comparison among emerging adulthood TikTok users in Padang City. A quantitative approach with a simple linear regression design was employed. The participants consisted of 235 emerging adults aged 18–25 years who actively use TikTok, selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using standardized measurement scales of gratitude and social comparison. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 25. The results revealed that gratitude has a negative and significant effect on social comparison (β = -0.331; p = 0.000), with a contribution of 10.9% (R² = 0.109). These findings indicate that individuals with higher levels of gratitude tend to engage less in social comparison. This study highlights the role of gratitude as a protective psychological factor in mitigating the negative impact of social media use and suggests that fostering gratitude may support healthier self-evaluation processes among emerging adults in digital environment.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aisha Nabila Khairunnisa, Hanny Rufaidah Damra, Amin Akbar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship Between Emotional Regulation and Anxiety Levels in Early Adult Women in Long Distance Marriage
This study aims to determine the relationship between emotional regulation and anxiety levels in early adult women undergoing long-distance marriage. This study uses a quantitative approach with a correlational design. The research subjects were 155 early adult women undergoing long-distance marriage who were selected using a purposive sampling technique. The instrument used was the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) to measure cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression strategies, which consists of 10 items with a 7-point Likert scale, and the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) anxiety subscale which consists of 14 items with a 4-point Likert scale. Data analysis was carried out using multiple regression and hypothesis testing was carried out with simultaneous F tests, partial t tests, and coefficient of determination tests. The results showed that emotional regulation was related to anxiety simultaneously by obtaining a sig. value. The F test was 0.003 <0.05, and the partial t test results also showed that cognitive reappraisal strategies had no relationship with anxiety obtained a sig. 0.724 > 0.05 and expressive suppression was found to be related to anxiety obtained a sig. 0.001 <0.05, and the results of the determination coefficient test obtained an R Square value of 0.072. This means that emotional regulation strategies contribute to the anxiety variable with a proportion of 7.2% while the rest is explained by other factors outside the research model. These findings indicate that emotional regulation is an important factor in maintaining psychological well-being in early adult women in long-distance relationships. Therefore, it is important to understand how emotional regulation strategies can be optimized in facing the dynamics of long-distance marriage.
Copyright (c) 2026 Novia Aira Fitri, Nurmina https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Strategies for Islamic Guidance and Counseling Students in Overcoming Academic Procrastination
Academic procrastination is a common phenomenon among college students and is closely related to time management and self-regulation skills. This study aims to identify the strategies used by students in the Islamic Guidance and Counseling Program at UIN Ar-Raniry, Banda Aceh, to overcome academic procrastination. This study employs a qualitative approach using a descriptive-analytical method. The research subjects consisted of five students from the class of 2024 selected through purposive sampling, with the criteria being active students experiencing academic procrastination. Data collection was conducted through observation and in-depth interviews, followed by analysis using NVivo software. The results indicate that all respondents experienced academic procrastination, including delaying the start and completion of assignments, late submission of assignments, a gap between plans and execution, and a tendency to choose more enjoyable activities over completing academic tasks. Contributing factors included internal factors such as fear of failure, perfectionism, low motivation, suboptimal emotional regulation, and mood dependency, as well as external factors such as social media distractions and a busy organizational activity schedule. The impacts experienced by students included increased anxiety, stress, guilt, rushing to complete tasks, and suboptimal academic performance. The strategies students use to overcome procrastination include breaking tasks into smaller parts, setting priorities, creating to-do lists, limiting social media use, reflecting on academic goals, starting with the easiest parts, and training themselves to begin without waiting for the right mood. These findings indicate that academic procrastination is closely linked to time management and self-regulation skills, which need to be continuously developed.
Copyright (c) 2026 Awliana, Rofika Duri, Zamratul Aini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship Between Self-Disclosure and Loneliness Among Early Adults Who Play the Game Roblox
The development of online games as virtual social interaction spaces, such as Roblox, allows individuals to engage in self-disclosure; however, it does not necessarily fulfill emotional closeness needs and may lead to loneliness. This study aims to examine the relationship between self-disclosure and loneliness among early adults who play Roblox. This research employed a quantitative method with a correlational approach. The sample consisted of 153 respondents selected using a purposive sampling technique, all of whom were early adults who play Roblox. Data were collected using a self-disclosure scale modified based on DeVito’s theory and a loneliness scale modified based on Russell’s theory. Data analysis was conducted using Pearson correlation. The results of the descriptive analysis indicated that the levels of self-disclosure and loneliness among respondents were in the moderate category. The findings revealed a significant positive relationship between self-disclosure and loneliness, with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.471 and a significance value of p = 0.001 (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that self-disclosure in the context of online gaming is not always associated with lower levels of loneliness, as digital interactions may not optimally fulfill emotional closeness needs. Therefore, self-disclosure has a significant relationship with loneliness among early adults who play Roblox in this study.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yolanda Royen, Rinaldi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Emotional Leakage in Everyday School Interactions: A Descriptive Study of Grade VI Students
Hidden emotional struggle is often difficult to identify in school settings because students may present themselves as calm, happy, or socially functional while still experiencing discomfort, stress, or unexpressed emotion. This study examined how small behaviours and body language may reveal hidden emotional struggle in everyday social interaction among peers through the theoretical lens of Paul Ekman’s concept of emotional leakage. Using a descriptive quantitative design, data were collected through a seven-item Google Forms questionnaire administered to 20 Grade VI students at Cendekia Harapan School over two days. The survey focused on students’ observations of incongruent emotional presentation, their attention to subtle nonverbal cues, their own experiences of hiding emotion, and their views about the mental-health effects of prolonged concealment. The findings showed that 70% of participants had seen someone appear happy while seeming nervous or uncomfortable, 75% reported having hidden their own emotions, and 95% believed that hiding emotions for too long can affect mental health. These findings suggest that students already recognize nonverbal signs of emotional incongruence in daily life. The study contributes a school-based descriptive account of how emotional leakage is perceived by children and argues for emotionally supportive, non-diagnostic approaches to social-emotional learning in primary education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Timothy Jacob, Fitriah Assagaff https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Influence of Adult Attachment on Rejection Sensitivity with Self-Esteem as a Mediator in College Students
This study aims to determine the effect of adult attachment on rejection sensitivity, with self-esteem as a mediator in college students currently in romantic relationships. The research method used a quantitative approach with a correlational design. The sample consisted of 156 college students aged 18–25 who had been in a romantic relationship for at least six months and were selected through quota sampling. Data were collected using the Adult Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire (ARSQ), Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised (ECR-R), and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). The A-RSQ consists of interpersonal scenarios with two items for each situation: anxiety about rejection and expectations of acceptance, each with a 6-point Likert scale. The ECR-R uses a 7-point Likert scale ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree to measure the anxiety and avoidance dimensions of attachment. The RSES uses a 4-point Likert scale ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree to measure individual self-esteem. Data analysis was conducted through prerequisite analysis tests, normality tests, linearity tests, multicollinearity tests, and path analysis to examine the direct and indirect effects between variables. The results showed that avoidant attachment had a significant direct effect on rejection sensitivity, while anxiety attachment did not show a significant direct effect. Self-esteem had a significant negative effect on rejection sensitivity and mediated the relationship between anxiety attachment and rejection sensitivity, but did not mediate the relationship between avoidant attachment and rejection sensitivity. These findings emphasize the important role of self-evaluation in the dynamics of romantic relationships in early adulthood, especially in understanding sensitivity to rejection. This study provides implications for the development of psychological interventions aimed at improving self-esteem and the quality of interpersonal relationships in college students.
Copyright (c) 2026 Putri Hannanisa, Rinaldi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effectiveness of Group Guidance Using Digital Journaling Techniques to Manage Overthinking in Children at the Sanggar Bimbingan Kampung Bharu, Malaysia
The phenomenon of overthinking in school-aged children is increasing in the digital era, characterized by a tendency for children to experience excessive worry, difficulty managing emotions, and low self-reflection skills. This condition needs to be addressed through innovative Guidance and Counseling services that are appropriate for children's digital world. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of group guidance using digital journaling techniques in managing overthinking in children under the guidance of the Kampung bharu Guidance Center, Malaysia. The study used a qualitative approach with a Guidance and Counseling Action Research (PTBK) design implemented in three cycles, involving 11 children aged 11–12 years. Each cycle includes planning, implementation, observation, and reflection stages, with digital journaling as an expressive medium to explore thoughts and emotions. Data were collected through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and content analysis of digital journaling, and analyzed using thematic analysis techniques. The results showed a significant increase in emotional well-being and self-regulation skills, with positive emotions increasing from 76.9% to 92.3%, negative emotions decreasing from 23.1% to 7.7%, and positive coping strategies increasing from 38.5% to 76.9%. This study confirms that digital journaling is effective in helping children recognize, manage, and reflect on overthinking. These findings offer an innovative intervention model that can be easily implemented in non-formal education to strengthen children's emotional regulation and mental resilience.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muqri Izzan Ritonga, Sri Ngayomi Yudha Wastuti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effectiveness of Group Guidance Services in Improving the Emotional Intelligence of Malaysian Students
Emotional intelligence is one of the key factors supporting the social and academic development of elementary school students; however, in reality, there are still students who struggle to manage their emotions, build positive social relationships, and express their feelings appropriately. This study aims to test the effectiveness of group counseling services in improving the emotional intelligence of elementary school students. This study uses a quantitative approach with a pre-experimental design through a One-Group Pretest–Posttest Design. The research subjects consisted of seven fifth-grade students from the Muhammadiyah Kepong Counseling Center in Malaysia who were categorized as having low emotional intelligence. Data collection was conducted using an emotional intelligence scale with five aspects: self-awareness, self-control, self-motivation, empathy, and social skills. The data were analyzed using statistical tests to determine differences in students’ emotional intelligence levels before and after receiving group counseling services. The results showed an increase in students’ emotional intelligence scores after participating in group counseling. This improvement was evident in students’ abilities regarding self-awareness and self-control, increased empathy, and the development of more positive social relationships with peers. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that group counseling services are effective in enhancing students’ emotional intelligence. Therefore, group counseling services can serve as one of the intervention strategies that guidance and counseling teachers or school counselors can implement to support students’ emotional and social development.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ria Lezita Mardiana, M Fauzi Hasibuan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Effectiveness of Group Guidance Using Modeling Techniques to Enhance Student Learning Independence in Malaysian Guidance Centers
This research aims to determine students' learning independence at Sanggar Bimbingan Malaysia and examine the effectiveness of group guidance services using modeling techniques. The study employed a quantitative experimental design involving students at Sanggar Bimbingan Malaysia. Data collection utilized questionnaires to measure learning independence levels. Students were divided into experimental and control groups, with the experimental group receiving group guidance services with modeling techniques, while the control group received group guidance services without modeling techniques. Data analysis employed the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test and Kolmogorov Smirnov Two Independent Samples test. Results revealed that students with low learning independence demonstrated inability to regulate their learning process independently, particularly in determining learning objectives, selecting learning strategies, and evaluating learning outcomes. The findings indicated: (1) significant differences in learning independence within the experimental group between pretest and posttest after receiving group guidance services with modeling techniques, (2) significant differences in learning independence within the control group between pretest and posttest after receiving group guidance services without modeling techniques, and (3) significant differences in learning independence between experimental and control groups following treatment. This study demonstrates that modeling techniques integrated into group guidance services serve as a more effective intervention strategy for enhancing student learning independence, suggesting that guidance counselors should consider incorporating observational learning approaches to maximize students' self-regulated learning capabilities.
Copyright (c) 2026 Azli Yani, Asbi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Correlation Between Self-Efficacy and Academic Dishonesty Among Senior High School Students
This study aims to determine the relationship between self-efficacy and academic dishonesty among high school students. Self-efficacy refers to an individual’s belief in their ability to accomplish tasks and achieve specific goals. At the same time, academic dishonesty encompasses dishonest behaviors and violations of ethical standards in academic activities. This study employed a quantitative research method with a population of 346 students and a sample of 78 students selected using purposive sampling. The sample criteria in this study were students who had committed academic dishonesty as proven by screening results. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s product-moment correlation. The results indicated a correlation coefficient of -0.764 with a significance level of 0.000 (p < 0.05), demonstrating a significant negative relationship between self-efficacy and academic dishonesty. The coefficient of determination was 0.583, indicating that self-efficacy contributed 58.3% to the variance in academic dishonesty. Furthermore, a comparison between the hypothetical mean and the empirical mean revealed that students’ self-efficacy was relatively low, while the level of academic dishonesty was high. Therefore, the proposed hypothesis was accepted. Furthermore, based on the average score, the academic dishonesty score for male respondents was 50.76, while for female respondents it was 27.17. This indicates that the average academic dishonesty behavior was higher among male respondents than female respondents.
Copyright (c) 2025 Tsamara Audina Putri, Dinda Permatasari Harahap https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of Bullying on the Mental Health of High School Students and Its Implications for Guidance and Counseling
The purpose of this study was to examine bullying, student mental health, and its impact and implications on student mental health at Harapan Bangsa Kuala Private High School, a private high school, through guidance and counseling services. This study was a quantitative descriptive study. The sample consisted of 47 students at Harapan Bangsa Kuala Private High School. A questionnaire was used as the data collection instrument. The results showed that bullying at Harapan Bangsa Kuala Private High School tended to be high, with the highest percentage being 40.43%. The mental health profile of students showed that the highest percentage was in the high category, at 38.30%. However, there was a significant percentage in the low category, reaching 8.51%, indicating the negative impact of bullying on some students. The results of the hypothesis test showed a significance value (p-value) of 0.000, indicating a significant negative impact of bullying on student mental health. The higher the level of bullying experienced by students, the lower their mental health. The implications of this influence suggest the need for concrete steps in guidance and counseling services, focusing on addressing the effects of bullying and providing psychological support to affected students.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dhea Jayanthi Permata Sari, Muhazir, Seget Tartiyoso https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Impact of Fatherless On Authentic Happiness in Female Students At State Vocational School 1 Binjai
This study aims to determine the impact of Fatherless on Authentic Happiness in female students at SMK Negeri 1 Binjai and uses a quantitative method with a purposive sampling technique. The data collection technique uses a questionnaire distribution using Google Form. The sample of this study amounted to 47 female students of class XII SMK Negeri 1 Binjai. To test the hypothesis proposed in this study, the study used the help of the SPSS Statistic 23 software application for Windows 8. The findings of this study are: (1) The significance value obtained by the variable is smaller than the reference value, namely 0.000 <0.05 so it can be concluded that there is an Impact of Fatherless on Authentic Happiness in female students at SMK Negeri 1 Binjai. (2) The results of the R Square test are 9% of the Fatherless variable influencing Authentic Happiness in female students, the rest is influenced by other variables not examined in this study. (3) Anova table obtained a significance value = 0.031 while the H_o criteria are rejected if p < 0.031. So, the results of this simple regression test can be interpreted that H_a which states that the Impact of Fatherless influences Authentic Happiness in female students is accepted, and the consequence of H_o is rejected. So it can be said that the proposed hypothesis is that there is an Impact of Fatherless on Authentic Happiness in female students at SMK Negeri 1 Binjai.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Ridwan, Nurul Hasanah, Lendra Faqrurrowzi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effectiveness of Hypnotherapy for Adult Psychological Disorders at Griya Bahagia Sehat Clinic Bandar Lampung
This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of hypnotherapy in reducing anxiety disorders among adult patients at Klinik Griya Bahagia Sehat, Bandar Lampung. The research employed a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through semi-structured interviews, non-participant observations, and analysis of clinical documentation. The study subjects included five adult patients aged 29–56 years, therapists, and the clinic owner as key informants. Data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model, which encompasses data reduction, data display, and systematic drawing of conclusions. The findings indicate a reduction in patient anxiety scores ranging from 65% to 90% after 6–15 hypnotherapy sessions, with significant improvements in physical symptoms, emotional well-being, and daily quality of life. Patients reported positive experiences, increased self-control, and enhanced ability to manage stress and overthinking. Evaluations from therapists and the clinic owner confirmed the effectiveness, safety, and psychological acceptability of hypnotherapy. These results underscore that therapy success depends not only on technique but also on active patient engagement, session consistency, and adherence to structured protocols. The study concludes that hypnotherapy is a safe, individualized, and comprehensive psychological intervention for managing anxiety disorders in adult patients. It is hoped that this research encourages readers to consider hypnotherapy as an adaptive, effective, and contextually relevant alternative intervention within local clinical settings.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ridha Desfaronisa, Sri Ilham Nasution https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effectiveness of Educational Video Based Classical Guidance Services in Reducing Students’ Learning Burnout at a Malaysian Learning Center
Learning burnout is a critical psychological issue that negatively affects students’ motivation, concentration, and learning engagement, particularly in non-formal learning settings such as learning centers. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of educational video-based classical guidance services in reducing students’ learning burnout at a Malaysian learning center. The study employed a quantitative experimental approach using a one-group pretest–posttest design involving 11 sixth-grade students. Data were collected using a learning burnout questionnaire consisting of 16 validated statements administered before and after the intervention. The classical guidance services were delivered using educational video media designed to enhance students’ interest, emotional engagement, and learning motivation. Data analysis was conducted using a t-test to examine differences in learning burnout levels between pretest and posttest scores. The results showed a significant decrease in students’ learning burnout, indicated by a reduction in the mean score from 51.55 at pretest to 29.91 at posttest, with a significance value (Sig. 2-tailed) of 0.000 < 0.05. These findings demonstrate that integrating educational videos into classical guidance services effectively reduces learning burnout by fostering a more engaging and psychologically supportive learning environment. This study concludes that educational video-based classical guidance services represent an innovative and practical counseling intervention for addressing learning burnout in learning centers, encouraging counselors and educators to strategically integrate digital media into classical guidance practices.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rahmawati, M Fauzi Hasibuan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Application of Modeling Technique to Improve Learning Interest of Slow Learner Students in Elementary School
Low learning interest is one of the main problems commonly experienced by slow learner students in elementary schools. This condition affects students’ attention, participation, and willingness to engage in learning activities. Therefore, learning strategies that provide concrete and easily understood learning experiences are needed for slow learner students. This study aims to describe the implementation of the modelling technique in improving the learning interest of slow learner students in elementary school. This research employed a qualitative approach with a one-group pre-test–post-test design. The research subjects consisted of three third-grade students categorized as slow learners. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Learning interest was measured based on three aspects: attention, enjoyment, and enthusiasm. The results showed that the application of the modelling technique led to positive changes in students’ learning interest, indicated by increased attention during learning, more active participation in classroom activities, and improved self-confidence. Statistical analysis using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test showed a significance value of p = 0.102, indicating that the improvement was not statistically significant. However, the consistent positive behavioral changes observed in all subjects suggest that the modelling technique has a positive practical impact on improving the learning interest of slow learner students. Thus, the modelling technique can be considered an alternative adaptive learning strategy to support inclusive learning in elementary schools.
Copyright (c) 2025 Andini Salsabilla Putri, Prianggi Amelasasih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship Spirituality and Gratitude With Subjective Well-Being in Special School Teachers in Yogyakarta City
This study aims to determine the relationship between spirituality and gratitude with subjective well-being among Special Needs School Teachers in Yogyakarta City. Special Needs School teachers face significant challenges in educating children with special needs, both in terms of emotional demands, workload, and limitations in communication, so their subjective well-being is an important aspect to study. This study used a quantitative approach with a correlational method. The research subjects were 122 special needs school teachers in Yogyakarta City who were selected through a purposive sampling technique. Data collection was carried out using three psychological scales, namely the subjective well-being scale, the spirituality scale, and the gratitude scale. The data analysis of this study used multiple regression tests with the results showing a positive and significant relationship between spirituality and gratitude with subjective well-being in special needs school teachers (R = 0.693, p = 0.000). The findings of this study indicate that spirituality has a positive and significant relationship with subjective well-being with a value of r = 0.635. In addition, gratitude also has a positive and significant relationship with subjective well-being with a value of r = 0.521. This study concluded that spirituality and gratitude play a significant role in maintaining teachers' subjective well-being in special education settings. Spirituality had a 29.6% effective contribution to subjective well-being, while gratitude contributed 18.4%. Simultaneously, these two variables contributed a total of 48% to improving subjective well-being, while the remaining 52% is influenced by other factors not examined in this study.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fadhila Hazrotus Sholiha, Tri Winarsih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Impact of Nomophobia on Learning Concentration and Its Management Through Guidance Counseling Services at MDTA Aek Badak
Current technological developments are advancing rapidly. These developments do not simply allow humans to live as usual; they have a major impact on human life. Students who do not hold or carry their cell phones feel uneasy or afraid because they do not bring their cell phones wherever they go. This term refers to nomophobia. This study uses a qualitative approach as a qualitative research design. This study will use in-depth interviews, while paying attention to data validity consisting of credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. Data analysis can be carried out in various ways, ranging from data reduction, data presentation, to drawing conclusions. At MDTA Aek Badak, cell phone use has become a worrying habit. Students find it difficult to focus, become easily agitated when they do not have their cell phones, become angry when asked to stop playing, and often come to class tired because they play until late at night. Guidance and counseling are at the forefront of addressing this issue.In addressing nomophobia, guidance counselors not only provide advice but also offer emotional support to students. The guidance and counseling at MDTA Aek Badak play an important role in overcoming nomophobia by using preventive, curative, and educational approaches. Parental involvement in monitoring cell phone use at home makes it easier to change and maintain student behavior, which supports the success of guidance and counseling.
Copyright (c) 2025 Asmaryadi, Fatma Suryani Harahap, Riski Baroroh, Fauzan Habibie Nasution, Devi Adriany, Mutiara Astari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effectiveness of Group Guidance in Addressing Bullying Issues at Sanggar Malaysia
Bullying is a social problem that can negatively affect the emotional, psychological, and social development of elementary school students. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of group guidance services in addressing bullying problems among students at Sanggar Malaysia. The research employed a quantitative method using a pre-experimental approach with a One-Group Pretest–Posttest design. The research subjects consisted of six sixth-grade students who were identified as experiencing or being involved in bullying behavior and were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using a bullying behavior questionnaire administered before and after the implementation of the group guidance service. Data analysis was conducted using statistical tests to determine differences in the level of bullying behavior before and after the intervention. The results of the study showed a significant decrease in bullying behavior after the participants took part in group guidance activities, which was indicated by increased social awareness, greater empathy toward peers, and improved ability to control aggressive behavior. These findings indicate that the group dynamics created during the guidance process allowed participants to share experiences, understand the impact of bullying behavior, and develop more positive social attitudes. Therefore, it can be concluded that group guidance is an effective intervention strategy for addressing bullying problems in non-formal learning environments such as Sanggar Malaysia. The results of this study are expected to encourage readers to reflect on the role of group guidance services as a potential preventive and curative approach in creating a safe, empathetic, and bullying-free educational environment.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dedek Rahmawati, M Fauzi Hasibuan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0