Jurnal Geografi (E-ISSN: 2549-7057/P-ISSN: 2085-8167) is a scientific communication medium in Geography and Geography Education and other related fields. Jurnal Geografi aims to develop relevant concepts, theoretical studies, and actual issues and to encourage broader global and regional analysis and innovative thinking about sustainability globally and regionally. Jurnal Geografi is committed to professional article manuscripts. Therefore, it welcomes high quality, original article manuscripts with the following themes: Education Geography, Social Geography, Tourism Geography, Political Geography, Population Geography, Soil Geography, Environmental Science, Hydrology, Oceanography, Meteorology, Climatology, Geomorphology, Geology, Biogeography, Geographic Information Systems, Remote Sensing, Cartography, Regional Planning and Development, Climate Change.
The Effect of TPACK-Based Learning Using Avenza Maps on Student Learning Activities in Mapping Materials
While studying geography, students work to develop a theoretical grasp of the subject as well as practical skills in spatial reasoning and analysis through hands-on experience with real-world phenomena. There has been little use of GIS technology in Indonesian geography classes, despite its widespread accessibility. This research examines the deployment of TPACK-based learning in mapping materials using the Avenza Maps program and its influence on student learning activities. Proposive sampling was used to choose XE-7 pupils from Senior High School 13 Semarang as part of the descriptive quantitative methodology. We used descriptive and inferential statistics to examine the link and its effects based on data gathered through structured observation, surveys, and documentation. The findings show that, overall, students' learning activities, instructors' TPACK-based techniques, and the use of Avenza Maps are all excellent. Specifically in the areas of visual, motor, and emotional processing, as well as oral skills that need reinforcement, students' engagement levels rose from 73.33% to 75% between the first and second sessions, according to observations. Strong positive correlations among TPACK competency, Avenza Maps use, and student engagement are shown by Pearson correlation (r=0.894, 0.888, 0.771; p<0.01). Multiple regression also demonstrates that TPACK and Avenza Maps have substantial beneficial impacts. These factors account for 89.7 percent of the variation in student activity, as indicated by the coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.897). The results of this research show that a smart way to encourage active, practical, and student-centered geography learning is for instructors to combine their TPACK expertise with effective use of geospatial technology.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dian Ayu Pratiwi, Rahma Hayati, Juhadi Juhadi, Apik Budi Santoso, Erni Suharini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Comparison of Orthomosaic Accuracy Based on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Real Time Kinematic (RTK) Radio and RTK NTRIP in Padang City, West Sumatra
UAVs with RTK technology offer high-accuracy aerial mapping, with RTK Radio and RTK NTRIP as two correction methods affecting orthomosaic precision. While previous studies compared these methods in terrestrial surveys, their impact on UAV-based orthomosaics remains underexplored. This research evaluates and compares the accuracy of UAV-derived orthomosaics using RTK Radio and RTK NTRIP to provide practical guidance for optimal mapping applications. This research combined UAV RTK photogrammetry and GIS to produce high-precision aerial maps in two areas of Padang City with different topographies. Data were collected using DJI Mavic 3 Enterprise RTK with RTK Radio and RTK NTRIP techniques, supported by GCPs, BMs, and satellite imagery, then processed into orthomosaics for analysis. Accuracy was assessed using ICPs and statistical measures like RMSE to compare the spatial precision of both correction methods under varying terrain conditions. The results show a difference in mapping accuracy between RTK Radio and RTK NTRIP aerial photographs, with RTK Radio achieving 0.683 accuracy and 0.450 RMSE, while RTK NTRIP reached 0.563 accuracy and 0.371 RMSE. RTK Radio is more suitable for areas lacking CORS access but still requires GCP verification. RTK NTRIP performs better in urban areas with strong CORS networks. Combining both methods with adequate GCPs provides an effective solution for mapping in varied or densely vegetated terrains.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Ismail, Bayu Wijayanto, Randi Proska Sandra, Wikan Jaya Prihantarto, Elisa Maiyenti, M Sriharta, Rahmat Fitrian, Mutiara Amelia Putri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Public Perceptions on Land Use Change and Flood Incidence in the Kendal Watershed Area
Uncontrolled land-use changes driven by rapid population growth and expanding residential development have significantly heightened flood risk in the Kendal Watershed, Kendal District. The conversion of agricultural and open land into built-up areas has altered hydrological processes, reducing water infiltration capacity and increasing surface runoff. This study aims to (1) identify spatial and temporal land-use changes from 2017 to 2025, (2) analyze public perceptions regarding land conversion and flooding, and (3) assess the resulting social and environmental impacts within the watershed area. A quantitative descriptive approach was employed by integrating Geographic Information System (GIS)-based analysis of Sentinel-2A satellite imagery with primary data collected through Likert-scale questionnaires administered to 96 respondents residing in flood-prone areas. The results indicate a substantial decline in rice field areas by 44.19 hectares, accompanied by a notable increase in residential land of 36.12 hectares over the study period. Community perceptions reveal that these land-use changes have contributed to increased flood frequency, greater flood intensity, and longer inundation duration. The observed social impacts include disruptions to daily activities, reduced access to clean water, economic losses, and a higher incidence of waterborne and skin-related diseases. Environmental impacts are reflected in declining sanitation conditions, increased waste accumulation, river sedimentation, and persistent water pollution. These findings underscore the urgent need for stricter land-use regulation, restoration of green and infiltration areas, and adaptive, sustainable spatial planning to reduce flood risk and enhance community resilience in the Kendal Watershed
Copyright (c) 2026 Andi Irwan Benardi, Atta-Ur Rahman, Dewi Liesnoor Setyowati, Adrian Gustiyansyah Selebes, Joshua Vincent Gerar Yametis, Bayu Wijayanto, Novika Adi Wibowo, Muhammad Zulfi Al'Ghani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
School-Based Disaster Resilience: A Mixed-Methods Study of Student Responses to Wildfire Hazards
Wildfires in peatland areas have disrupted not only ecological systems but also educational continuity in Indonesia, particularly for students living in high-risk zones. This study aims to measure the resilience of senior high school students in Muaro Jambi Regency and explore the role of schools in supporting disaster preparedness and psychosocial well-being. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research integrates quantitative data from 343 students across three wildfire risk zones: high, medium, and low, with qualitative insights from semi-structured interviews with principals of three public senior high schools representing each zone. Resilience was assessed using the Disaster Resilience Scale for Individuals (DRSi), covering six dimensions: knowledge and skills, adaptive capacity, psychological endurance, social connectivity, physical health, and financial capability. Descriptive analysis showed slightly higher resilience scores in high-risk zones, but ANOVA results indicated no statistically significant differences across zones. The qualitative analysis used six thematic indicators: curriculum integration, supporting facilities, teacher roles, external collaboration, social support, and post-disaster recovery. Schools in high-risk zones demonstrated more proactive strategies, including disaster-themed projects, stakeholder coordination, and flexible learning during haze events. The study contributes to the field of education by affirming the relevance of whole-school approaches in disaster risk reduction and highlighting the need for localized, inclusive, and psychosocially responsive educational practices in wildfire-prone regions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rizki Feroza Maruddani, Enok Maryani, Annisa Joviani Astari, Ifa Meilyana Sari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Projected Land Use Change Based on Protected Scenarios in Malang City
Regional spatial planning often requires studies of projected land-use changes. However, these land-use change projection studies often neglect the protection function aspect in their modeling scenarios. Modeling using protection function scenarios is expected to make a significant theoretical and practical contribution to regional spatial planning and geospatial analysis. The research aims to develop a model for projecting land use change based on protected scenarios to support sustainable development in Malang City. Projection of land-use change based on scenarios is carried out quantitatively and involves spatial modeling. Spatial modeling was carried out using Cellular Automata (CA), which is integrated with Markov Chain (MC) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Hybrid modeling of Cellular Automata (CA) – Markov Chain (MC) – Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is expected to offer more attractive advantages compared to single modeling techniques. The model was developed by paying attention to the driving factors and constraint variables as scenario variables in the form of maintained protected areas. This research produced a projected model of land use change in 2029 based on a protected scenario in Malang City. The projection results indicate potential land change for sizable settlements in Malang City, especially in the eastern and western parts around the center of activities and the Malang-Pandaan toll road. The potential development of these settlements needs to be anticipated and directed so that they do not cause various spatial conflicts in the future and do not trigger environmental degradation. With scenario-based projections, several protected areas such as city parks, green belts, city forests, and river banks can be relatively maintained in 2029 according to the spatial pattern plan in the Malang City spatial plan.
Copyright (c) 2026 Andri Kurniawan, Hanif Ananta Damar Muzaqqi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
A Study on the Protection of Terraced Agricultural Land Based on Local Wisdom in Argapura, Majalengka Regency
Currently, the role of local wisdom in agricultural land protection practices appears to be diminishing due to modernization, generational changes, and shifts in agricultural production orientation, posing a challenge to the sustainability of agriculture. This study aims to: (1) examine the types of land degradation occurring in terraced lands; (2) analyze the types of local wisdom-based land protection practices still applied by terraced land farmers; and (3) assess the influence of local wisdom-based land protection on the productivity of terraced agricultural land. From a population of 504 farmers, a sample of 100 was selected using Slovin’s formula with a 10% margin of error through simple random sampling. Additionally, 10 key informants were included, comprising farmers, farmer group leaders, and village officials. Primary data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews with informants. Sensitivity tests were conducted to ensure data consistency and validity. Data were processed using SPSS 28, and the results were presented in graphs and analyzed using descriptive qualitative methods, supported by findings from in-depth interviews. The study found that soil erosion and micro-landslides on terrace embankments are the most dominant types of land degradation experienced by farmers, which significantly affect agricultural productivity. To address these issues, farmers implement local wisdom-based land protection practices, including constructing bench terraces, using organic fertilizers derived from agricultural waste, collaboratively repairing irrigation channels, and prohibiting the burning of waste. Empirically, these practices have been able to maintain and even improve agricultural productivity.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sudrajat Sudrajat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Geomorphological Survey and Mapping Practice for Physical Characteristics at Precet Forest Park Study
Geomorphology is a field of study that focuses on landforms and the natural processes that shape the earth’s surface. The physical characteristics of an area are important for determining land use suitability, environmental management, and disaster risk mitigation, especially in volcanic regions. This study aims to carry out a geomorphological survey and mapping of Precet Forest Park, located on the slopes of Mount Kawi, East Java. The research uses a descriptive quantitative approach by combining field surveys and geospatial data analysis. Primary data were obtained from Total Station measurements, GPS tracking, and observations of land use, landforms, and soil characteristics. Meanwhile, secondary data such as DEMNAS, geological maps, and soil type maps from official sources were used to support the analysis. The morphometric data were processed using interpolation methods including Kriging, Minimum Curvature, and Polynomial techniques through Surfer and QGIS software. The results showed that the study area is dominated by volcanic landforms with Cambisol soils that have a silty clay texture. The topography is characterized by steep to undulating slopes with varying soil permeability and saturation levels, which affect slope stability. Mass movements such as slumps were identified in several locations. The findings of this research are expected to support land use planning and environmental management efforts, as well as serve as a learning reference for geography students in applying geomorphological mapping techniques in the field.
Copyright (c) 2025 Listyo Yudha Irawan, Purwanto, Rudi Hartono, Ravinesh Rohit Prasad, Aulia Amatullah, Azril Chairil, Zunan Faruq Ardiansyah, Widodo Eko Prasetyo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Integrating UAV Data and Community Knowledge for Optimal Tsunami Evacuation Route Map in Coastal Loto Village, Ternate
The coastal area of Ternate Island has a high potential for tsunami disasters and complex tectonics. The tsunami on Ternate Island was triggered by an earthquake in the Maluku Sea and the eruption of Mount Gamalama under the sea. The rapid development of Ternate, especially in the tourism sector, such as Loto Agrotourism Village, West Ternate, demands attention to the safety of visitors and residents. The main problem in Loto Village is the lack of evacuation routes, so an effective evacuation strategy is needed to minimize losses during a tsunami disaster. This study aims to determine evacuation routes using UAV data and participatory mapping in Loto Village, Ternate City. UAV aerial photos were processed using photogrammetry techniques with Agisoft Metashape Professional software, producing Ortho-Mosaic Maps and Digital Elevation Model (DEM), which were analyzed in QGIS software. The ortho-mosaic map was overlaid with a tsunami hazard map to create temporary evacuation routes and points (TES), which were confirmed through participatory mapping. The Final Map shows four TESs, which are accessible via footpaths, side roads, and main roads. In the event of a tsunami, tourists and residents in the Lota Agrotourism area can use this map for evacuation. The map can also be an important reference for the government in forming disaster mitigation policies to ensure the safety of tourist destinations that are vulnerable to tsunamis.
Copyright (c) 2025 Risky Nuri Amelia, Rohima Wahyu Ningrum, Tamrin Robo, Muhammad Ikhsan, Triani Triani, Marwis Aswan, Yuni Andriyani Safitri, Heinrich Rakuasa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Landslide Risk Mapping for Sustainable Tourism Development: A Case Study in Kalibaru Watershed, Indonesia
The development of sustainable tourism in landslide-prone areas required a detailed understanding of environmental risks to ensure safety and resilience. This study aimed to generate a comprehensive landslide risk map to support sustainable tourism development in the Kalibaru Watershed, located in the Raung Volcano region of Indonesia. This study employed the Spatial Multi-Criteria Evaluation (SMCE) method using spatial data and GIS software to map landslide risk based on three main components: hazard, vulnerability, and capacity. The results classified landslide risks in the Kalibaru Watershed into three categories: high risk (21,682 hectares), medium risk (28,113 hectares), and low risk (22,742 hectares). The findings revealed that the highest risk areas were concentrated on the middle and upper slopes of the watershed, particularly within the Glenmore and Kalibaru sub-districts, where a combination of steep terrain, soil characteristics, and heavy rainfall exacerbated landslide susceptibility. This risk map provided valuable insights for stakeholders involved in sustainable tourism planning, offering a strategic tool for developing safe, environmentally-conscious, and disaster-resilient tourism infrastructure. The implementation of this map aimed to raise awareness among local communities and policymakers about the potential landslide risks and encouraged the adoption of effective mitigation measures, fostering a more sustainable and disaster-aware tourism model in the region.
Copyright (c) 2025 Syamsul Bachri, Sumarmi, Furqan Aksa, Nanda Regita Cahyaning Putri, A Riyan Rahman Hakiki, Mellinia Regina Heni Prastiwi, Tabita May Hidiyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Environmental Carrying Capacity Based on Ecosystem Services for Settlement Development Plans in The Sota State Border Area, Merauke
Sustainable settlement design necessitates the incorporation of environmental carrying capacity determined by ecosystem services. In border areas like the Sota Border Area (KPN) in Papua, ecological pressures intensify as a result of population expansion and economic endeavours. This study assesses the environmental carrying capacity and resilience of settlements through an ecosystem services framework, comparing conditions in 2019 and 2024 to evaluate the impact of development plans. The analysis focuses on five key ecosystem services: food provision, clean water supply, water flow regulation and flood control, disaster protection, and air quality maintenance. Data collection involved field surveys, remote sensing, and GIS-based spatial overlay analysis to map land use changes and ecosystem service values. Results in 2019 showed residential development concentrated in zones with high ecosystem service values, such as food provision (771.7 ha in SUB BWP 2) and clean water supply (742.98 ha in SUB BWP 3). Development in low-lying areas prioritized flood regulation (460.1 ha in SUB BWP 1) and disaster protection (560.7 ha in SUB BWP 1). By 2024, developed land in the very high clean water supply zone of SUB BWP 1 increased sharply from 0.10 ha to 28.86 ha. This research highlights the critical need to incorporate ecosystem service data into settlement planning to sustain environmental capacity and enhance border region sustainability
Copyright (c) 2025 Dian Hudawan Santoso, Yuli Dwi Astanti, Astrid Wahyu Adventri Wibowo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
A Geoprocessing Approach Using Poi Visibility Index for Identifying Potential Routes in Designing Sustainable Tourism Development: The Case Study of Singkawang, Indonesia
Regional planning and urban design are essential in developing a region or city. Point of Interest (POI) data in area planning can significantly influence resident perceptions and behaviors and shape investment decisions and development strategies in tourist areas. This study focuses on Singkawang City, a prominent coastal tourist destination on the island of Kalimantan, Indonesia. Singkawang features a historical spatial layout but faces numerous contemporary challenges. The research aims to identify potential efficient tourist routes using geographic analysis based on the POI visibility index. The research has practical benefits, including promoting tourism development, supporting local economic growth, optimizing land use, and enhancing urban user-friendliness. The study employs data on road networks, buildings, and tourist attraction points. The analysis identifies the nodes (POIs and intersections) that concentrate the most efficient routes in the study area, actively connecting tourist attractions in the city center. These routes demonstrate greater importance than those connecting natural attractions in the city's peripheral areas. User visitation levels and the visibility of POIs influence the city's morphological movement patterns. The findings highlight the strategic role of POI-based geographic analysis in improving urban connectivity and guiding regional planning efforts, offering valuable insights for addressing urban challenges and advancing sustainable, tourism-focused urban development.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yudi Purnomo, Agustiah Wulandari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Content Analysis of Geography Textbook Using Beck and McKeown Model on Natural Disaster Mitigation
Quality textbooks are essential for developing critical thinking skills in geography education, especially for disaster mitigation in Indonesia's disaster-prone environment. To analyze the content quality of geography textbooks on natural disaster mitigation using the Beck and McKeown model and identify specific weaknesses. Qualitative content analysis with coding techniques was conducted on three geography textbooks for grade 11 students published by Erlangga, Grafindo Media Pratama, and Mediatama. A total of 226 paragraphs were analyzed using six adapted Beck and McKeown categories: problematic discussion, concept density, discourse clarity, main idea focus, example adequacy, and explanation structure. Analysis revealed quality issues across categories: 15.92% of paragraphs failed to present discussable problems, 6.19% contained excessive concepts, 4.86% lacked clear discourse, 3.53% presented multiple main ideas, 0.44% provided inadequate examples, and 1.33% showed illogical arrangements. Overall classification ranged from "good" to "very good" despite significant limitations. While textbooks met basic quality standards, substantial improvements are needed in problem-based content, concept organization, discourse clarity, and logical structuring to enhance critical thinking development for disaster education. This is the first application of the Beck and McKeown model to Indonesian geography textbooks focusing on disaster mitigation, providing a specialized assessment framework for disaster education materials. Findings offer actionable guidance for textbook authors, publishers, teachers, and policymakers to improve geography education quality and disaster preparedness literacy.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Aliman, Supriyono Supriyono, Dahri Hi Halek, Syahril Lukman, Suhailee Sohnui, Silvia Marni, Mike Mike https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Moderate Replacement Fertility: Tranquility Dimension Variables of Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia in 2023
This study examines life tranquility in the context of moderate replacement fertility levels in the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY) in 2023. The region's diverse social, cultural, and economic characteristics significantly influence fertility trends and family dynamics. Areas like Sleman and Bantul display higher family proportions, reflecting stable fertility levels, while Yogyakarta City faces challenges in maintaining population growth due to lower fertility rates, influenced by urbanization and economic pressures. This urban-rural divide underscores the complex relationship between fertility patterns and socio-economic factors. Despite increasing birth rates in some areas, challenges persist in understanding fertility behaviors, particularly in relation to access to education, healthcare, and family policies. These factors can either support or hinder efforts to achieve sustainable population growth and well-being. This study explores the connections between moderate fertility rates, life tranquility, and socio-economic influences in DIY. It also examines how education, healthcare access, and family planning policies impact family well-being and fertility decisions. The research aims to provide policy solutions to enhance the quality of life for families across the region. By understanding the socio-economic determinants of fertility trends, this study offers insights into urban-rural differences and informs policy design to address fertility changes and promote stable family dynamics.
Copyright (c) 2025 Seri Aryati, Sukamdi Sukamdi, Umi Listyaningsih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Fieldwork: Utilizing the Environment for Comprehensive Geography Learning
This study provides an overview of how the Field Trip learning method can be used in school geography by utilizing natural and artificial laboratories. Geography education includes various components, including the lithosphere, anthroposphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and atmosphere. One effective method to enhance learning is to utilize the environment as a resource through fieldwork, where students engage in direct observation and investigation outside the classroom. The research method uses a qualitative approach with literature studies and bibliographic analysis. The findings show that natural and artificial environments can support fieldwork-based learning, including (1) studying the distribution of flora and fauna in urban forests, (2) understanding natural disasters through visits to the Tsunami Museum, (3) applying remote sensing techniques by exploring hilly landscapes, and (4) utilizing university laboratories for Geographic Information Systems. The fieldwork method encourages interactive learning between teachers and students and peer involvement, creating a fun yet focused learning experience. In addition, incorporating the environment as a learning resource enhances students' critical thinking, encourages active participation, and fosters a scientific mindset. Students gain deeper geographical insights through this approach while developing important analytical and observation skill
Copyright (c) 2025 Daska Azis, M Hafizul Furqan, Suhendro, Muhammad Al-Farisy, Ahmad Nubli Gadeng, Mirza Desfandi, Rizka Dewantara, Cut Meurah Badriatun Nufus, Rahmilia Hadiyani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Batak Toba Women's Struggle to Protect Traditional Frankincense Forests in a Geographical Perspective
Batak Toba oral literature represents women as farmers and discoverers of frankincense trees, highlighting the connection between women and nature. The ecofeminism perspective views this relationship as a form of resistance against environmental exploitation and gender injustice. The purpose of this article is to focus on the struggle of the Batak Toba Sipituhuta-Pandumaan ethnic women in preserving the indigenous frankincense forest against Toba Pulp Lestari (TPL). The research method that will be used is qualitative research with a descriptive approach. Phase I (first) will be observing, identifying, and classifying the types of Batak Toba literary works that contain Batak Toba cultural values related to environmental conservation efforts. In the second stage, participatory observations and in-depth interviews were conducted with selected informants, followed by analysis, discussion, and conclusions. The struggle of women in protecting the frankincense forest has long been represented in folklore, portraying women as the discoverers of the tree that saved their family's economy. Within the forest-owning community, women also play a role in protecting men from potential violence during conflicts. Supported by KSPPM, the prolonged struggle of Sipituhuta-Pandumaan women resulted in the recognition of their customary forest by the government in 2021. Their close connection to the frankincense forest stems from their feminine nature, characterized by a deep concern for environmental preservation and household sustainability, which is perceived as a cultural burden.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ratih Baiduri, Elly Prihasti Wuriyani, Muharrina Harahap, Ayu Febryani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Temporal Trends and Spatial Patterns of Forest Fires in Central Kalimantan: Implications for Fire Management Policies
Forest and land fires remain a significant environmental challenge in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, causing extensive ecological, economic, and health impacts. This research investigates the spatial distribution and concentration of forest and land fire hotspots in the region from 2018 to 2024. Hotspot data from the SIPONGI system were processed using kernel density estimation to generate density maps, which were subsequently overlaid to pinpoint areas with the highest fire concentrations. The analysis identified 2019 as the year with the most severe fire occurrences, with Pulang Pisau District emerging as the region with the greatest fire intensity. These findings offer critical insights for directing fire prevention efforts and enhancing land management strategies to mitigate future fire risks in Central Kalimantan.
Copyright (c) 2025 Aswin Nur Saputra, Rixal Rixal, Rizky Pamuji, Yusuf Al Arief https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Digitizing Aceh's Historical Heritage: Exploring the Role of Technology in Cultural Preservation
Aceh is a region that has a rich historical and cultural heritage, which reflects its civilization and identity from time to time. However, the threat to the preservation of these historical relics is increasing over time, especially due to natural factors, urbanization, and social changes. Digitalization has emerged as a potential solution to address these challenges. The digitization of historical and cultural heritage offers a new way to preserve, access, and promote Aceh's cultural heritage more broadly. This research aims to explore the role of digital technology in the preservation of Aceh's cultural heritage, as well as its impact on local and global communities. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study on the Aceh Historical Trail Map (acehhistorytrailmap.id). Data were collected through in-depth interviews with stakeholders, document analysis, and observation of platform usage. The analysis was conducted thematically to identify the benefits of digitalization, the technology used, and challenges in preserving cultural heritage. The study focuses on historical sites in East Aceh, such as Perlak and Idi, as the research locus. Through the analysis of case studies from the historical heritage digitization project in Aceh, this study examines the effectiveness of digital devices such as digital imaging, virtual tours, and online platforms in documenting and disseminating important elements of Acehnese culture, such as: artifacts and historical sites. The results of this research are expected to provide insight into effective strategies for cultural heritage preservation through technology, as well as the potential for collaboration between stakeholders in realizing sustainable digital transformation for the preservation of Aceh's historical heritage.
Copyright (c) 2025 Aulia Rahman, Mufti Riyani, Okhaifi Prasetyo, Ronald Fransyaigu, Asnawi Asnawi, Nurasih Shamadiyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Integrating Scratch Techniques in Relief Map Media for Earth's Surface Learning
In the modern educational landscape, innovative teaching methods, such as raised-relief maps using graphic art scratch techniques, are crucial for helping students engage with complex geography concepts. These tactile maps provide a multisensory learning experience, enhancing spatial awareness and retention by allowing students to physically interact with three-dimensional topographies. By combining art and geography, this approach fosters creativity while improving students' understanding and retention of geographical features. This research uses the R&D method with the ADDIE model to design and develop a raised relief map to improve students' understanding of the Earth's topography. The development process involves creating a map prototype using scratch graphic art techniques and various materials such as plywood, foam, plaster, and acrylic paint to create three-dimensional topographic features. The results of this research indicate that raised relief maps successfully enhance students’ understanding of spatial relationships and topographic features of the Earth through an interactive, multisensory approach. The use of tactile materials and interactive elements in the maps helped students understand complex geographic concepts, while feedback from prototype testing provided insights for design improvements to enhance learning effectiveness. The contribution of this research is to provide an effective tactile-based learning aid development model to enhance students' geographical understanding, while opening up opportunities for further innovation in interactive education.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ayu Suciani, Zukya Rona Islami, Reni Nuryanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Evaluation of River Water Pollution Level in Yogyakarta City Using CCME Method and Biodegradability Index
River water quality in urban areas, particularly in Yogyakarta, has declined due to pollution from domestic, industrial, and agricultural activities. Communal wastewater treatment plants (CWWTPs) were established to address this issue; however, they have not been operating optimally, limiting their impact on improving water quality. Therefore, this study aims to 1) analyze the condition of water quality temporally and spatially in river sections in Yogyakarta City, 2) determine river water quality index temporally and spatially using Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environmental (CCME) method and Biodegradability Index (BI), 3) evaluate the level of water pollution between CCME method and BI, and 4) analyze water quality parameters influencing the pollution level. The study procedures were carried out using the institutional survey method, and data were obtained from temporal water quality monitoring by Yogyakarta City Environmental Service. Water quality assessment was based on standards according to Governor Regulation No. 20 of 2008. Evaluation of pollution levels was carried out using water quality index with CCME method and BI. The influence of dominant parameters was statistically tested using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results showed that water quality in Yogyakarta City based on CCME method and BI was dominated by the poor and non-biodegradable categories. Between 2020 and 2023, the CCME and BI index values of rivers showed an increasing trend, indicating a reduction in pollution. The primary factors affecting water quality include NO₂, TDS, temperature, DO, NO₃, and total phosphate, originating from domestic and agricultural activities. In contrast, Cu, Zn, and Cd are primarily sourced from industrial activities.
Copyright (c) 2025 Margaretha Widyastuti, Aldina Noer Azizah, Adinda Aprilia Fajriani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Identification of Urban Expansion Driving Factors using CA-Markov model: a Case Study Demak and Jepara Regency, Indonesia
Land cover changes are a critical concern in a developing country where rapid urbanization and population growth intersect with environmental dynamics. Understanding the driving forces behind these changes is essential for sustainable development and effective land management. This study analyzes land cover changes in Demak-Jepara regency, Indonesia, over a 20-year period using Landsat data. The objective is to identify the dominant factors driving the increase in built-up areas, considering both natural and human-induced factors. Factors such as road distance, existing build area, and natural features are evaluated. Using ArcGIS and Idrisi Selva's Land Change Modeler, land cover data is processed, and Cellular Automata-Markov analysis is conducted. The study considers a cell size of 30 x 30 meters and a time step of 5 years from 2001 to 2009. Transition persistence analysis identifies significant factors, validated using 2020 land cover data through AUC (Area Under the Curve) and ROC (Relative Operating Characteristic) analysis. The combination of natural and human-induced factors (scenario-C) shows the highest AUC value of 0.9406, indicating better conformity with 2020 land cover. Dominant factors in scenario C include roads, existing built-up areas, river order, and slope gradient. Results reveal that road development and proximity to existing settlements are the primary drivers of land cover changes. Natural factors like river order and slope gradient have a lesser impact, while the coastline has minimal influence. These findings highlight the importance of considering both natural and human-induced factors in land use planning. They provide valuable insights for policymakers and land managers in making informed decisions for sustainable development and land use strategies. Keywords: Land Cover Changes; Driving Factors; Natural Factors; CA-Markov; Sustainable Development
Copyright (c) 2024 JURNAL GEOGRAFI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Development Strategy Of Sustainable Tourism Village In Conservation Areas And Urban Sprawl (Case Study in Ciburial Village, North Bandung Area)
Ciburial Village, Cimenyan District, Bandung Regency is located in the North Bandung area, In 1985 it was designated as a tourist village based on agriculture and culture. The purpose of this study to anlyzing the potential and challenges in developing tourism villages with an agricultural and cultural-based approach within conservation areas and regions affected by urban sprawl. The method used is using SWOT analysis. Geographical conditions and strategic position, on the one hand, are very beneficial internally and externally, but on the other hand they are a weakness and a threat. Cool mountain climate and clean air, natural beauty, fertile land, THR (Taman Hutan Raya) Ir. Djuanda, and cultural wealth has the potential to support a sustainable tourism village based on agriculture and culture. On the other hand, it poses a threat due to urban sprawl, very intensive changes in land use, agriculture and forests mutate into settlements, hotels, cafes and other buildings. The existence of the lembang fault, on the one hand, is a threat, on the other hand, it produces cliffs that provide wide and open views in all directions, and is a place for interesting photos for visitors. Internal conditions produce a value of 3.59 and external 3.25, are in quadrant 2 which is stable. The results of this study it is suggested environmental damage needs to be addressed by strictly and consistently implementing provincial regulations. Community-based sustainable tourism village development is an integral part of the tourism village development strategy in Ciburial.
Copyright (c) 2025 JURNAL GEOGRAFI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Detection of Urban Landscape Changes in Surabaya for the Years 2014-2024 Based on NDVI and NDBI Analysis of Landsat 8 OLI Imagery
This study investigates urban landscape changes in Surabaya from 2014 to 2024 using NDVI and NDBI indices derived from Landsat 8 OLI imagery. The Earth Engine platform was employed to generate cloud-free composite images, enabling detailed analysis of vegetation and built-up area changes. The methodology included a bivariate geovisualization technique to display areas of change, comparing NDVI and NDBI values over a decade to assess changes at a granular level. Results indicate that the 'Vegetation Stable - Built-up Area Stable' category dominates, covering 2422 km², suggesting consistent land use in established areas. This dominance indicates well-established land use patterns across much of the city. Significant urbanization is observed in the 'Vegetation Decreased - Built-up Area Increased' (70 km²) and 'Vegetation Stable - Built-up Area Increased' (177 km²) categories, reflecting ongoing development pressures. These areas highlight zones of active development and environmental intervention. Additionally, a 75 km² increase in vegetation, particularly in coastal mangrove regions, highlights successful environmental management efforts. The study achieved an overall accuracy of 71%, demonstrating the effectiveness of NDVI and NDBI in capturing urban dynamics. While some classes require improved detection accuracy, particularly those involving decreased built-up areas, the model reliably identifies increases in vegetation and built-up areas.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Sufwandika Wijaya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Impact of Land Conversion on Agricultural Carrying Capacity and LP2B in Sleman Regency
Land conversion is frequent in rural and urban areas where an increase in population is directly connected to the growing demand for additional land. A region with the highest rate of land conversion is Sleman Regency which is among the 3 regencies in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. Therefore, this study aimed to examine conversion of agricultural land to determine the qualification as sustainable and how the resources could be relocated for other uses. The analysis was conducted quantitatively and descriptively using secondary data from a time series database spanning 2015 to 2020. The results were presented through a combination of tables, graphs, images, and map visualizations. The study further showed that 4.412 hectares of agricultural land experienced a functional change over 5 years with the most significant change occurring in Pakem Subdistrict (1.540 hectares) and the least in Kalasan Subdistrict (4 hectares). Carrying capacity value of agricultural land in Moyudan, Godean, Cangkringan, Minggir, Seyegan, Ngaglik, Mlati, Prambanan, and Ngemplak was also influenced by the quantity of agricultural land available in each subdistrict. A maximum carrying capacity showed that adequate food was produced to sustain the population. Conversely, Depok and Turi Subdistricts possessed the lowest land-carrying capacity, showing that the subdistricts depended on food production to meet the population’s needs.
Analysis of Mangrove Vulnerability Level using Remote Sensing Data in Comal Estuary, Pemalang
Human activity around mangrove areas can harm their health, despite their economic benefits to local communities. A study of the Comal estuary found that increased human activity was not matched by efforts to protect the mangroves. This lack of awareness is likely due to a lack of information about the importance of mangroves and their vulnerability. The study used Sentinel-2A and field measurements to assess vulnerability based on factors like mangrove density, salinity, and distance from the shore. That factor were used to generate vulnerability value based on weighted overlay analysis (vulnerability index). The results showed that the eastern part of the estuary was highly vulnerable to wave damage (abrasion) due to its location. In contrast, the central part of the estuary had low vulnerability due to its denser and healthier mangroves. These findings were confirmed by field observations: areas with low vulnerability had dense, healthy mangroves, while areas with high vulnerability had damaged and broken trees. The existence of the vurnerability class can be used as a recommendation for further mangrove management. Restoration can be applied in areas of high mangrove vulnerability. The area has a very low mangrove density due to the large number of mangroves damaged by abrasion, so replanting mangroves in the area is highly recommended. Mangrove planting also needs to require great attention, especially in the area has a problem in the form of large ocean waves, so the construction of a breakwater with a “Shark Tooth” formation is recommended
Copyright (c) 2025 Tjaturahono Budi Sanjoto, Vina Nurul Husna, Ananto Aji https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
MODIS Satellite Imagery for Monitoring Carbon Sequestration Potential and Its Drivers in Jambi Province, Indonesia
Jambi Province is a province in Indonesia whose land use is dominated by forests and plantations. Threats to land conversion and forest fires in the region have reduced vegetation and will threaten carbon absorption in the future. This study aims to map and assess the potential for carbon absorption and triggering factors by evaluating the spatiotemporal Net Primary Productivity (NPP) pattern to estimate Jambi Province's carbon absorption. This study uses remote sensing data to obtain NPP values ​​and several variables that will be assessed for their influence on NPP. MODIS satellite imagery is used to obtain NPP data, forest cover, Normalized Data Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Land Surface Temperature (LST). Shuttle Radar Topography Map (SRTM) imagery obtains topography and slope data. Population data in the form of the Human Development Index, total population and population in urban areas were obtained from the Central Statistics Agency of Jambi Province. The average NPP value 2003 in Jambi Province was 0.911 kgC/m/year, then the average NPP decreased to 0.754 kgC/m/year in 2023. Based on statistical analysis, there is a correlation between NPP and NDVI, slope, and topography.
Copyright (c) 2025 Prima Widayani, Muhammad Arrafi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Accelerating Young People's Disaster Literacy With Problem-Based Learning-Root Cause Analysis
Indonesians must have high literacy to know about the disasters around them. There needs to be a learning model to improve disaster literacy. One of the alternatives is the Problem-based learning model with Root Cause Analysis. This research is a quantitative type of pseudo experiment with a pretest-posttest control group design where the pretest-posttest results of the experimental class and control class are compared to determine the effectiveness of the treatment in the experimental class. There are no particular specifications regarding the characteristics of the class used in the study. Data analysis used a sample t-test supported by prerequisite tests such as homogeneity and normality tests. The PBLRCA model has a significant effect on students' disaster literacy skills. The results showed increased literacy skills at a t value of 5,787. Steps such as independent review, investigating the root of the problem, and implementing action plans that can make PBLRCA students read, explore and analyze situations in depth more than Lecturing Method. These activities make students' disaster literacy improve.
Detection Of The Thermal Front Using The Cayula-Cornillon Alghorithm: A Case Study Of The State Fisheries Management Area 713, Indonesia
Thermal fronts are pivotal in shaping the marine ecosystem, influencing the presence and distribution of marine species. This study delves into the fluctuating patterns of thermal fronts in Indonesian waters, specifically focusing on the State Fisheries Management Area of the Republic of Indonesia, known as WPPNRI, 713. We identified the distribution and frequency of thermal fronts across different monsoon seasons. Utilizing the extended Cayula Cornillon Algorithm “ Single Image Edge Detection (CCA-SIED), we deploy a precise methodology for detecting these fronts, relying on sea surface temperature (SST) gradients to identify specific periods and regions. Our analysis encompasses extensive satellite data collected from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) level 3. Our findings unveil distinct seasonal variations, with a decrease in thermal fronts during the west monsoon and a surge during the east monsoon. Moreover, we identify regional disparities, with denser thermal fronts observed in the southern and middle regions compared to the northern areas. Furthermore, our study underscores the critical need to integrate oceanographic data with fisheries management strategies to address the impacts of climate variability on marine resources. The observed relationships between thermal fronts, nutrient distribution, and fish migration emphasize the necessity for ongoing, localized monitoring to develop adaptive management solutions. This research marks a significant step in characterizing thermal fronts in WPPNRI 713, laying the groundwork for future investigations into other ecologically significant fronts, including those related to chlorophyll, salinity, and nutrients, thereby enhancing our understanding of marine ecosystem dynamics. Keywords: Cayula Cornillon; Fishing Zone; Marine Ecosystem; Sea Surface Temperature; Thermal Fronts
Analysis of Social Perspectives in Reconstructing the History of Urbanization in Medan City
Urbanization is considered to be an ingrained social phenomenon in various large Indonesian cities, characterized by rapid urban population growth and drastic changes in social, economic and environmental structures. Urbanization in Indonesia shows a rapid increasing trend over the last few decades. Medan City, as one of the main urban centers in North Sumatra, has not escaped the impact of significant urbanization. Along with rapid economic and demographic growth, the city has experienced a major transformation in various aspects of city life. This research aims to identify the history of urbanization in Medan City from a social perspective. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive method through literature study sourced from journals, scientific articles, books and other relevant sources. The results of this research show that urbanization in Medan City has been going on for a long time. Strategically located on the east coast of Sumatra and between the confluence of the Deli River and the Babura River, Medan has vital trade access to the Malacca Strait. Especially in the period 2012 to 2022, the increase in population in Medan City occurred in almost all sub-districts. Of the 21 sub-districts, 17 sub-districts experienced an increase in population of more than 10%. Only one sub-district experienced a decline in population, namely Medan Baru Sub-district by 7.89%. The high level of urbanization in the city of Medan is generally caused by several factors, such as strategic location, the presence of natural resources (SDA), and supporting natural conditions. Meanwhile, the impact on society's social life includes rapid population growth, changes in societal structure, and social and cultural dynamics. Keywords: History, Urbanization, Social, Medan City
A Decade Analysis (2013-2023) of Paddy's Yield Productivity by Using Landsat 8 Imagery in Sukoharjo District, Indonesia
Sukoharjo District has the highest rice productivity in Central Java. Sukoharjo has a strategic location. It makes this area prone to land use changes. It makes a severe impact on Paddy's productivity. This condition needs to be monitored continually. Remote sensing can provide an efficient and accurate method to solve this condition. Using the NDVI from Landsat 8 imagery and ubinan data, the model can be built to calculate and analyze paddy™s productivity. The steps were 1) interpretation of paddy fields area; 2) calculation of NDVI™s mean values a month before harvesting; 3) interpretation accuracy test; 4) correlation value between NDVI and ubinan data in 2022; 5) calculation of paddy productivity; and 6) analysis. Within a decade (2013-2023), there was a reduction in paddy's yield area for 981.90 Ha. During that period, there was an increase in paddy's productivity, around 38.2 x 103 tons. Almost all sub-districts in Sukoharjo™s yield had been reduced except for Tawangsari and Weru. Kartasura and Grogol have experienced an intensive change in paddy yields to non-paddy yields. Intensive land use changes affected paddy™s productivity. Multi-temporal imagery combined with ubinan data can be used to monitor paddy™s productivity. Forty-one points were calculated for the y (productivity) and x (NDVI value) equation. The equation resulting from this method (y=6.2212x+6.7444) can be used as a reference for calculating productivity in Sukoharjo District in different periods. From different calculations, the accuracy obtained from this method was 86%. Keywords: Landsat 8; NDVI; Paddy™s Productivity; Sukoharjo; Ubinan data
Curriculum Implementation Index for Geography Learning in East Java, Indonesia
Curriculum changes often occur in Indonesia. However, studies regarding the gap between curriculum planning and implementation are still very limited. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the Curriculum Implementation Index for Geography Learning in East Java. In this study, we used a curriculum implementation index for geography subjects. This study used purposive sampling with several considerations, such as the region distribution of geography teachers and school accreditation. The number of respondents is determined by selecting the person directly related to geography learning and its relation to curriculum implementation. We observed 30 geography teachers to determine curriculum implementation. The curriculum implementation index was used to evaluate consistency between curriculum planning and implementation, as indicated by teachers™ activities and several concepts in geography learning. The results show that the readiness of teachers to implement the curriculum in the laboratory, literature, and media aspects is in the low category. This is indicated by a laboratory index of 1.03, a literature index of 1.58, and a media index of 1.87. This low index means that geography learning does not meet the 2013 curriculum standards, especially in physical geography material, which needs laboratories and media to explain concrete concepts in geography learning. Implementing the 2013 curriculum in geography learning has not met the characteristics of the concrete idea of geography learning, which requires visualization for physical and environmental aspects. Keywords: Curriculum Implementation; Geography Learning; Index; East Java