Jurnal Geografi (E-ISSN: 2549-7057/P-ISSN: 2085-8167) is a scientific communication medium in Geography and Geography Education and other related fields. Jurnal Geografi aims to develop relevant concepts, theoretical studies, and actual issues and to encourage broader global and regional analysis and innovative thinking about sustainability globally and regionally. Jurnal Geografi is committed to professional article manuscripts. Therefore, it welcomes high quality, original article manuscripts with the following themes: Education Geography, Social Geography, Tourism Geography, Political Geography, Population Geography, Soil Geography, Environmental Science, Hydrology, Oceanography, Meteorology, Climatology, Geomorphology, Geology, Biogeography, Geographic Information Systems, Remote Sensing, Cartography, Regional Planning and Development, Climate Change.
Enhancing Students’ Problem-Solving Skills through Ecological Awareness-Based Problem-Based Learning in Secondary Geography Education
This study investigates the effectiveness of Ecological Awareness-based Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in enhancing students' problem-solving skills in secondary geography education. The research was motivated by the limited integration of sustainability-oriented learning and ecological awareness within conventional geography classrooms, which remain predominantly teacher-centered. A Classroom Action Research (CAR) design consisting of three iterative cycles was implemented involving 35 eleventh-grade students at SMA Negeri 1 Kuala Kurun during the 2024/2025 academic year. Data were collected through classroom observations, problem-solving tests, questionnaires, reflective journals, and field notes. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, normalized gain (N-gain), and effect size, while qualitative data were examined using thematic analysis. The findings demonstrate a consistent improvement in students' problem-solving abilities and learning outcomes across the three cycles. Learning mastery increased from 68.6% in Cycle I to 91.4% in Cycle III, while the average written test score improved from 63.85 to 86.85. The N-gain score of 0.64 indicates a high level of improvement, and the effect size of 1.12 reflects a strong instructional impact. Furthermore, the integration of ecological awareness into each stage of PBL fostered students' critical thinking, sustainability-oriented reasoning, and engagement with real-world environmental issues. These findings suggest that Ecological Awareness-based PBL provides an effective pedagogical framework for promoting meaningful, contextual, and sustainability-oriented geography learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Binanan Naz Srulin, Chatarina Muryani, Sugiyanto Sugiyanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Morphological Variation of the Transitional Area Between Wonosari Basin and Gunungsewu Karst
This research investigates morphological variations in the transitional zone between the Wonosari Basin and the Gunungsewu Karst, an area where lithological heterogeneity, geological structure, and karstification processes interact to shape the landscape. Morphological and morphometric data were derived from Digital Elevation Model (DEM) interpretation, aerial photograph analysis, and field validation of dolines, valleys, and karst hills. The research results show that the transition zone is dominated by dissolution dolines, subsidence, collapses, and valley types that are generally blind valleys with orders of 0 to 3, a basin area of 2.35 km² with a ratio of 0.03, a valley density of 0.26 units/km, and a hill density of 18 units/km². These characteristics reflect the dominance of fluvial processes and indicate a relatively younger stage of karst development, known as fluviokarst. In contrast, Gunungsewu Karst shows a more developed morphology classified as polygonal or cockpit karst with a predominance of order 1 to 3 valleys, a basin area of 0.2 km² with a ratio of 1, a valley density of 0.67 units/km, and a hill density of 18 units/km². The dolines in this region are mostly solution-type with elongated and cockpit shapes, while dry valleys are the dominant type. Karst hills exhibit diverse morphologies, including conical, cone-convex, blunt, and elongated forms, complemented by minor features such as micropits, pits, shafts, and grikes. This study highlights the geomorphological significance of transitional karst evolution and provides essential insights for both theoretical advancement and sustainable management of fragile karst landscapes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Husna Diah, Tjahyo Nugroho Adji, Eko Haryono, Junbing Pu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Urban Sprawl Evolution in a River-Split City: A 20-Year Analysis of Palembang
Rapid urbanization in developing countries often triggers uncontrolled urban sprawl. Palembang, the capital of South Sumatra, presents a unique case as a split city bisected by the Musi River, creating complex spatial dynamics. This research aims to uncover the spatiotemporal patterns of urban sprawl in Palembang over the last two decades (2003–2023) and analyze the direction of its physical development. The study employs a multitemporal remote sensing approach using Landsat 5, 8, and 9 satellite imagery at five-year intervals. Spatial analysis was conducted using the Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) and Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) to extract built-up land cover. The direction of expansion was quantified using rose diagrams to determine spatial distribution tendencies relative to the Central Business District (CBD). The results reveal a massive conversion of non-built-up land, with built-up areas increasing from 8,434.34 ha in 2003 to 15,542.36 ha in 2023. A key finding is the morphological shift from a traditional radial-centrifugal pattern to an asymmetric polycentric model. Urban growth exhibits a dominant directional bias toward the North and Northwest (Sukarami and Alang-Alang Lebar), primarily driven by infrastructure accessibility. Conversely, the Southern region (Ulu) remains stagnant due to physical wetland constraints, hydro-spatial friction, and limited connectivity. This study contributes to urban geography by establishing hydro-spatial friction as a critical determinant in urban evolution, demonstrating how natural barriers can override conventional growth models. The findings recommend Integrated Corridor Management, strict zoning policies, and transit-oriented development to mitigate the environmental impacts of low-density sprawl and promote balanced urban growth.
Copyright (c) 2026 Eni Heldayani, Sumarmi Sumarmi, Syamsul Bachri, Fahrudi Ahwan Ikhsan, Wikan Jaya Prihantarto, Shida Irwana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Urban Flood Susceptibility Modeling Using GIS and Machine Learning in Bandar Lampung
Urban flooding increasingly affects rapidly urbanizing tropical cities, where terrain, rainfall, and anthropogenic surface modification interact to shape spatial flood patterns. This study develops a GIS–machine learning framework to model urban flood susceptibility in Bandar Lampung, Indonesia, using a multi-year flood inventory (2015–2024). A balanced dataset (n = 308; 1:1 flood to pseudo-absence ratio) was constructed using buffered pseudo-absence sampling with spatial separation constraints to reduce bias. Nine environmental and infrastructure-related predictors were evaluated using Logistic Regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), Gradient Boosting (GB), and Support Vector Machine (SVM). Model performance was assessed through five-fold stratified cross-validation, generalization gap analysis (Train AUC − CV AUC), learning curves, and a 20% hold-out test set. GB achieved the highest cross-validation performance (CV AUC = 0.8953), followed by RF (0.8782), SVM (0.8007), and LR (0.6925). However, ensemble models exhibited larger generalization gaps (RF = 0.1218; GB = 0.1047) compared to LR (0.0333), indicating stronger overfitting tendencies. Learning curves confirmed that LR maintained the most stable convergence between training and validation scores. On the independent test set (n = 61), GB achieved the highest predictive accuracy (ROC AUC = 0.9462), whereas LR showed lower discriminative performance (AUC = 0.7065) but greater validation stability. Flood susceptibility was concentrated in low-elevation areas, near major roads, and adjacent to river networks. By integrating learning curve diagnostics with cross-validation and hold-out testing, this study provides a rigorous framework for model selection in data-limited urban environments.
Copyright (c) 2026 Alvin Pratama, Andreas Boni Baik Simamora, Farras Ghaly https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Mediating Role of Risk Perception in the Effect of Information Literacy on Students’ Disaster Preparedness
This study examines how information literacy influences students’ disaster preparedness by incorporating risk perception as a mediating variable. Disaster-prone higher education environments require strong information comprehension skills to support readiness against potential hazards. The research involved 184 students from Merchant Marine Polytechnic of West Sumatra and STKIP Ahlussunnah, selected using purposive sampling. quantitative survey design approach was applied using SEM-PLS path analysis to evaluate direct and indirect effects. The results show that information literacy significantly influences disaster preparedness through an indirect effect mediated by risk perception (β = 0.205; p = 0.000). This finding highlights that risk perception strengthens the translation of information literacy into concrete preparedness actions. Practically, institutions should design information literacy programs that enhance not only access to technical data but als4o students’ awareness and appraisal of disaster risks. This study is limited by its focus on two campuses in a specific geographic area, suggesting the need for broader comparative studies. Overall, the research confirms that incorporating psychological components such as risk perception is essential for optimizing disaster preparedness strategies among university students.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nisye Frisca Andini, Riki Wanda Putra, M Fitriansyah Aldebaran https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Cultural Geography Perspectives on the Dayak Hampang Uplands-Meratus Mountains, Indonesia
This study examines the cultural geography of the Dayak Hampang community in the Meratus Mountains by integrating spatial, environmental, and political-economic perspectives. It employs a quasi-qualitative approach supported by survey methods and descriptive analysis to operationalize a cultural geography framework. Qualitative data on cultural values, indigenous knowledge, and settlement toponymy were collected through in-depth interviews. Settlement patterns were analyzed using Nearest Neighbour Analysis, GIS, field surveys, and documentation. The findings reveal that clustered toponymy and settlement patterns reflect a strong socio-spatial attachment to rivers, forests, and cultivated land, forming an integrated cultural landscape rooted in customary institutions. Shifting cultivation and ritual practices function as adaptive socio-ecological strategies that sustain livelihoods and conserve the mountainous environment despite pressures associated with protected forest designation. The study demonstrates that socio-ecological resilience increases when customary governance is formally recognized by reclassifying protected forests as customary forests (hutan adat). Conversely, restrictive state forest regimes that limit community Access, Assets, and Activities (3A) weaken adaptive capacity and heighten ecological vulnerability. Accordingly, the Sustainable Cultural Geography (SCG) model is expressed as: SCG = f (Ecological Resilience, Customary Forest Tenure, 3A Capacity), positioning cultural landscape sustainability as a function of these interrelated components.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nasruddin Nasruddin, Mohd Hairy Ibrahim, Muhamad Rusmin Nuryadin, Selamat Riadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of TPACK-Based Learning Using Avenza Maps on Student Learning Activities in Mapping Materials
While studying geography, students work to develop a theoretical grasp of the subject as well as practical skills in spatial reasoning and analysis through hands-on experience with real-world phenomena. There has been little use of GIS technology in Indonesian geography classes, despite its widespread accessibility. This research examines the deployment of TPACK-based learning in mapping materials using the Avenza Maps program and its influence on student learning activities. Proposive sampling was used to choose XE-7 pupils from Senior High School 13 Semarang as part of the descriptive quantitative methodology. We used descriptive and inferential statistics to examine the link and its effects based on data gathered through structured observation, surveys, and documentation. The findings show that, overall, students' learning activities, instructors' TPACK-based techniques, and the use of Avenza Maps are all excellent. Specifically in the areas of visual, motor, and emotional processing, as well as oral skills that need reinforcement, students' engagement levels rose from 73.33% to 75% between the first and second sessions, according to observations. Strong positive correlations among TPACK competency, Avenza Maps use, and student engagement are shown by Pearson correlation (r=0.894, 0.888, 0.771; p<0.01). Multiple regression also demonstrates that TPACK and Avenza Maps have substantial beneficial impacts. These factors account for 89.7 percent of the variation in student activity, as indicated by the coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.897). The results of this research show that a smart way to encourage active, practical, and student-centered geography learning is for instructors to combine their TPACK expertise with effective use of geospatial technology.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dian Ayu Pratiwi, Rahma Hayati, Juhadi Juhadi, Apik Budi Santoso, Erni Suharini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Cosmopolitan Makassar: Continuing the Ambiguity of Indonesia’s Modern Cities
This article examines the formation of modernity in Makassar City during the first two decades of the 21st century within the framework of contemporary urban spatial transformation. This period is marked by modern projects such as the revitalization of Losari Beach, coastal reclamation, the development of the Center Point of Indonesia area, the smart city program, and the hosting of international festivals. These efforts constitute a form of promoting Makassar as a “world city” that is cosmopolitan and globally competitive. This research aims to explain how these modernity projects are manifested, negotiated, and reproduced within a historical context. It analyzes the ongoing efforts of the city government, the business sector, and various communities in shaping a cosmopolitan Makassar in the 21st century. The study uses historical methods, including heuristics (collecting archives, policy documents, media reports, and interviews), source criticism, contextual interpretation, and historiographical reconstruction. The analysis is conducted diachronically to trace the continuity of previous developmental legacies, and synchronically to examine the power relations among various stakeholders. The results show the existence of contradictions as as a tangible form of urban modernity. Makassar's modernization reproduces the old spatial pattern—that is, the separation between the modern center and the underdeveloped periphery—while presenting a performative cosmopolitanism focused on image and symbolism. Modernity follows global aesthetic trends and market demands; however, this condition results in evident social and ecological inequalities. This research contributes to the historiography of Indonesian urban history by positioning Makassar City as an important case outside of the Java-centric narrative and offering the concept of “ambiguous modernity” as an inherent characteristic of postcolonial cities, not merely as a policy anomaly.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ilham Ilham, Ida Liana Tanjung, Cho Tae Young https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Assessing the Impact of Shoreline Changes on Framework Adaptive Tourism Development (Case Study: Mandiri Beach, Pesisir Barat, Lampung)
This study investigates shoreline changes at Mandiri Beach, Pesisir Barat Regency, Lampung Province, during the period 2013–2024 using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS). Landsat imagery was processed through Google Earth Engine (GEE) and ArcGIS, with the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) applied to delineate land–water boundaries. Shoreline dynamics were quantified using DSAS metrics, including Net Shoreline Movement (NSM) and End Point Rate (EPR). The results reveal significant spatial variability: several segments experienced erosion, particularly in western and northeastern zones, while other areas showed accretion, mainly across gently sloping beaches and river mouths. In the primary research area, abrasion reached a maximum of 1.49 m with an average NSM of 1.41 m, and the End Point Rate indicated a gradual annual abrasion trend of 0.13 m/year. Meanwhile, Mandiri Sejati District exhibited more extreme changes, with maximum accretion of 11.84 m and maximum abrasion of 16.2 m, reflecting high sensitivity to environmental and anthropogenic pressures. These findings highlight the importance of adaptive coastal management framework to mitigate erosion risks and optimise accretion zones for sustainable tourism development. The study contributes to disaster mitigation planning, coastal resource management, and the integration of ecological conservation with tourism utilisation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fahmi Aziz, Sahid Sahid, Nana Putri Yanto, Surya Tri Esthi Wira Hutama, Trika Agnestasia Tarigan, Asep Nurul Ajiid Mustofa, Rahmatullah Harianja, Muhammad Alfazri, Nur Zaida Almanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Digital Twins and Urban Heat Island Modeling: A Systematic Review of Conceptual, Technical, and Geospatial Gaps in Next-Generation Urban Climate Systems
This systematic review examines the emerging integration of Digital Twin technologies with Urban Heat Island modeling to advance next-generation urban climate systems. Increasing urbanization and rising thermal stress have intensified the need for dynamic, data-driven tools capable of representing and predicting microclimate conditions in real time. Through a structured PRISMA-based screening of major scientific databases (Scopus, IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect), 268 initial records were identified, from which 19 studies were ultimately included after systematic deduplication (25 duplicates removed) and eligibility screening (16 studies excluded: 4 lacking technical information, 10 non-urban settings, 2 non-English). These 19 studies collectively illustrate three major knowledge domains: conceptual frameworks, technical architectures, and geospatial modeling characteristics. The findings indicate that Digital Twin is progressively regarded as a real-time, adaptive digital representation of the urban environment; however, it lacks standardized definitions for climate applications (identified in 68% of reviewed studies). Technically, the integration of heterogeneous data—ranging from Internet of Things (IoT) sensors, UAV thermal imagery, and satellite-derived land surface temperatures—remains limited by challenges in latency, model calibration, data interoperability, and computational scalability (reported in 74% of studies). Geospatial analysis further highlights inconsistencies in spatial-temporal resolution and inadequate representation of suburban areas (noted in 63% of studies), constraining robust Urban Heat Island simulations across scales. Overall, this review identifies critical gaps and emerging opportunities for developing intelligent, multi-scale, and hybrid modeling approaches that combine physics-based simulations with machine learning. The findings call for harmonized Digital Twin frameworks, improved geospatial data infrastructures, and stronger interdisciplinary collaboration to support climate-resilient urban planning and adaptive heat mitigation strategies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Saipiatuddin Saipiatuddin, Rokhmatuloh Rokhmatuloh, Hayuning Anggrahita, Muhammad Dimyati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Monitoring Sugarcane Phenology Using Sentinel-1 SAR and Machine Learning in Central Lampung
Sugarcane is a vital commodity in the national sugar industry, requiring accurate growth monitoring to support precision agriculture. In Indonesia, conventional monitoring methods remain limited in spatial and temporal coverage. This study aims to monitor sugarcane phenology using multitemporal Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar and to develop a machine learning–based growth phase classification model. The study was conducted in Central Lampung during one complete growing season from November 2023 to December 2024. Time-series analysis of VV and VH backscatter coefficients and the Normalised Polarisation Ratio was applied to capture sugarcane growth dynamics. Growth phase classification models were developed using Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) and evaluated using the confusion matrix, overall accuracy, Kappa coefficient, coefficient of determination, and root mean square error. The results indicate that RF consistently outperformed SVM across all model configurations. The best performance was achieved using combined VV–VH polarization, yielding an R² of 0.929, RMSE of 0.295, and classification accuracy of 93%. In contrast, SVM models showed weak predictive performance with negative R² values and classification accuracy below 32%. These findings demonstrate that multitemporal Sentinel-1 SAR data combined with RF provide an effective approach for spatial and temporal monitoring of sugarcane phenology
Copyright (c) 2026 Nirmawana Simarmata, Lea Kristi Agustina, Muhammad Ario Eko Rahadianto, Ratna Mustika Sari, Zulfikar Adlan Nadzir, Choirun Nisa Nabila https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Disaster Learning Based on Local Wisdom Through a Simulation Learning Model Toward Students’ Disaster Preparedness in the Small Volcanic Island of Ternate
Ternate City is classified among the 170 regencies and cities identified as priority sites for disaster risk reduction by the Indonesian government, as designated by the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB). This categorization is attributed to the geographic characteristics of Ternate Island, which is characterized as a small volcanic island featuring the active Gamalama Volcano, thereby presenting a significant disaster risk. These circumstances cause local residents, specifically junior high school students residing within the Gamalama Volcano Disaster-Prone Zone (Kawasan Rawan Bencana-KRB), to be particularly vulnerable to disasters. Therefore, the implementation of disaster education that incorporates the local wisdom of Ternate through a simulation-based learning model is crucial to enhance students’ preparedness and mitigate risks during potential disaster occurrences. This study aims to identify the level of disaster preparedness between an experimental group taught using a simulation learning model integrated with local wisdom-based disaster education and a control group taught using conventional learning. It also aims to compare the preparedness levels between both groups. The study employed a quasi-experimental method using a posttest-only control group design. The sample consisted of 192 students selected using cluster random sampling, consisting of 96 students in the experimental group and 96 students in the control group. Data analysis involved both descriptive quantitative analysis and comparative analytical techniques. The results indicate that the preparedness level of the experimental group was classified as “very ready,” with an index of 87.02. In contrast, the control group was categorized as “ready,” with an index of 73.58. Furthermore, the comparative analysis reveals that Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.000 < 0.05, suggesting a statistically significant difference between the two groups; hence, H0 is rejected while Ha is accepted. These findings confirm that the simulation learning model integrated with local wisdom-based disaster education significantly enhances student disaster preparedness in comparison to conventional educational methods.
Copyright (c) 2026 Syahril Lukman, Dahri Hi Halek, Revana Sakir, Rozana Eka Putri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Accelerating Sustainability Competencies in the Younger Generation through the Problem-Based Gamification Learning Model
Higher education faces the challenge of shaping a young generation that cares about the environment. However, in reality, young people still face difficulties in developing sustainable skills. Problem-Based Game-Based Learning (PBGL) is learning innovation for shaping sustainable competencies. The aims of this study were to determine students' sustainable competencies, determine the effect of length of study on sustainable competencies, and analyse the effect of the PBGL model on sustainable competencies. To analyse the influence of PBGL, a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design with a control group was used. Meanwhile, to determine the differences in sustainability competencies based on length of study, the Mann-Whitney U test was used. The instrument used was modified from the sustainability competency instrument to suit the characteristics of the research subjects. The results show that sustainability competencies before treatment were at a moderate level. After treatment, the experimental group showed an increase in holistic thinking to 90.5%, followed by an increase in conflict resolution to 95.37%. The experimental group showed a significant increase (t=13.462, p<0.001) with an increase in competence exceeding that of the control group. When viewed from the difference in length of study, there is a significant difference between fifth-semester and seventh-semester students. Seventh-semester students demonstrate higher competence than fifth-semester students (p<0.05). The difference in average shows a 10% difference. This indicates that academic maturity affects the effectiveness of PBGL and sustainability competence. The results show that the PBGL model is able to accelerate the development of sustainability competencies. This study has important theoretical and practical implications for the improvement of sustainable environmental curricula and higher education learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rima Meilita Sari, Ayu Suciani, Zukya Rona Islami, Ridhwan Ridhwan, Nabila Huwaida Sijabat, Ravinesh Rohit Prasad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Comparison of Orthomosaic Accuracy Based on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Real Time Kinematic (RTK) Radio and RTK NTRIP in Padang City, West Sumatra
UAVs with RTK technology offer high-accuracy aerial mapping, with RTK Radio and RTK NTRIP as two correction methods affecting orthomosaic precision. While previous studies compared these methods in terrestrial surveys, their impact on UAV-based orthomosaics remains underexplored. This research evaluates and compares the accuracy of UAV-derived orthomosaics using RTK Radio and RTK NTRIP to provide practical guidance for optimal mapping applications. This research combined UAV RTK photogrammetry and GIS to produce high-precision aerial maps in two areas of Padang City with different topographies. Data were collected using DJI Mavic 3 Enterprise RTK with RTK Radio and RTK NTRIP techniques, supported by GCPs, BMs, and satellite imagery, then processed into orthomosaics for analysis. Accuracy was assessed using ICPs and statistical measures like RMSE to compare the spatial precision of both correction methods under varying terrain conditions. The results show a difference in mapping accuracy between RTK Radio and RTK NTRIP aerial photographs, with RTK Radio achieving 0.683 accuracy and 0.450 RMSE, while RTK NTRIP reached 0.563 accuracy and 0.371 RMSE. RTK Radio is more suitable for areas lacking CORS access but still requires GCP verification. RTK NTRIP performs better in urban areas with strong CORS networks. Combining both methods with adequate GCPs provides an effective solution for mapping in varied or densely vegetated terrains.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Ismail, Bayu Wijayanto, Randi Proska Sandra, Wikan Jaya Prihantarto, Elisa Maiyenti, M Sriharta, Rahmat Fitrian, Mutiara Amelia Putri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Public Perceptions on Land Use Change and Flood Incidence in the Kendal Watershed Area
Uncontrolled land-use changes driven by rapid population growth and expanding residential development have significantly heightened flood risk in the Kendal Watershed, Kendal District. The conversion of agricultural and open land into built-up areas has altered hydrological processes, reducing water infiltration capacity and increasing surface runoff. This study aims to (1) identify spatial and temporal land-use changes from 2017 to 2025, (2) analyze public perceptions regarding land conversion and flooding, and (3) assess the resulting social and environmental impacts within the watershed area. A quantitative descriptive approach was employed by integrating Geographic Information System (GIS)-based analysis of Sentinel-2A satellite imagery with primary data collected through Likert-scale questionnaires administered to 96 respondents residing in flood-prone areas. The results indicate a substantial decline in rice field areas by 44.19 hectares, accompanied by a notable increase in residential land of 36.12 hectares over the study period. Community perceptions reveal that these land-use changes have contributed to increased flood frequency, greater flood intensity, and longer inundation duration. The observed social impacts include disruptions to daily activities, reduced access to clean water, economic losses, and a higher incidence of waterborne and skin-related diseases. Environmental impacts are reflected in declining sanitation conditions, increased waste accumulation, river sedimentation, and persistent water pollution. These findings underscore the urgent need for stricter land-use regulation, restoration of green and infiltration areas, and adaptive, sustainable spatial planning to reduce flood risk and enhance community resilience in the Kendal Watershed
Copyright (c) 2026 Andi Irwan Benardi, Atta-Ur Rahman, Dewi Liesnoor Setyowati, Adrian Gustiyansyah Selebes, Joshua Vincent Gerar Yametis, Bayu Wijayanto, Novika Adi Wibowo, Muhammad Zulfi Al'Ghani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
School-Based Disaster Resilience: A Mixed-Methods Study of Student Responses to Wildfire Hazards
Wildfires in peatland areas have disrupted not only ecological systems but also educational continuity in Indonesia, particularly for students living in high-risk zones. This study aims to measure the resilience of senior high school students in Muaro Jambi Regency and explore the role of schools in supporting disaster preparedness and psychosocial well-being. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research integrates quantitative data from 343 students across three wildfire risk zones: high, medium, and low, with qualitative insights from semi-structured interviews with principals of three public senior high schools representing each zone. Resilience was assessed using the Disaster Resilience Scale for Individuals (DRSi), covering six dimensions: knowledge and skills, adaptive capacity, psychological endurance, social connectivity, physical health, and financial capability. Descriptive analysis showed slightly higher resilience scores in high-risk zones, but ANOVA results indicated no statistically significant differences across zones. The qualitative analysis used six thematic indicators: curriculum integration, supporting facilities, teacher roles, external collaboration, social support, and post-disaster recovery. Schools in high-risk zones demonstrated more proactive strategies, including disaster-themed projects, stakeholder coordination, and flexible learning during haze events. The study contributes to the field of education by affirming the relevance of whole-school approaches in disaster risk reduction and highlighting the need for localized, inclusive, and psychosocially responsive educational practices in wildfire-prone regions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rizki Feroza Maruddani, Enok Maryani, Annisa Joviani Astari, Ifa Meilyana Sari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Projected Land Use Change Based on Protected Scenarios in Malang City
Regional spatial planning often requires studies of projected land-use changes. However, these land-use change projection studies often neglect the protection function aspect in their modeling scenarios. Modeling using protection function scenarios is expected to make a significant theoretical and practical contribution to regional spatial planning and geospatial analysis. The research aims to develop a model for projecting land use change based on protected scenarios to support sustainable development in Malang City. Projection of land-use change based on scenarios is carried out quantitatively and involves spatial modeling. Spatial modeling was carried out using Cellular Automata (CA), which is integrated with Markov Chain (MC) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Hybrid modeling of Cellular Automata (CA) – Markov Chain (MC) – Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is expected to offer more attractive advantages compared to single modeling techniques. The model was developed by paying attention to the driving factors and constraint variables as scenario variables in the form of maintained protected areas. This research produced a projected model of land use change in 2029 based on a protected scenario in Malang City. The projection results indicate potential land change for sizable settlements in Malang City, especially in the eastern and western parts around the center of activities and the Malang-Pandaan toll road. The potential development of these settlements needs to be anticipated and directed so that they do not cause various spatial conflicts in the future and do not trigger environmental degradation. With scenario-based projections, several protected areas such as city parks, green belts, city forests, and river banks can be relatively maintained in 2029 according to the spatial pattern plan in the Malang City spatial plan.
Copyright (c) 2026 Andri Kurniawan, Hanif Ananta Damar Muzaqqi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
A Study on the Protection of Terraced Agricultural Land Based on Local Wisdom in Argapura, Majalengka Regency
Currently, the role of local wisdom in agricultural land protection practices appears to be diminishing due to modernization, generational changes, and shifts in agricultural production orientation, posing a challenge to the sustainability of agriculture. This study aims to: (1) examine the types of land degradation occurring in terraced lands; (2) analyze the types of local wisdom-based land protection practices still applied by terraced land farmers; and (3) assess the influence of local wisdom-based land protection on the productivity of terraced agricultural land. From a population of 504 farmers, a sample of 100 was selected using Slovin’s formula with a 10% margin of error through simple random sampling. Additionally, 10 key informants were included, comprising farmers, farmer group leaders, and village officials. Primary data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews with informants. Sensitivity tests were conducted to ensure data consistency and validity. Data were processed using SPSS 28, and the results were presented in graphs and analyzed using descriptive qualitative methods, supported by findings from in-depth interviews. The study found that soil erosion and micro-landslides on terrace embankments are the most dominant types of land degradation experienced by farmers, which significantly affect agricultural productivity. To address these issues, farmers implement local wisdom-based land protection practices, including constructing bench terraces, using organic fertilizers derived from agricultural waste, collaboratively repairing irrigation channels, and prohibiting the burning of waste. Empirically, these practices have been able to maintain and even improve agricultural productivity.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sudrajat Sudrajat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Geomorphological Survey and Mapping Practice for Physical Characteristics at Precet Forest Park Study
Geomorphology is a field of study that focuses on landforms and the natural processes that shape the earth’s surface. The physical characteristics of an area are important for determining land use suitability, environmental management, and disaster risk mitigation, especially in volcanic regions. This study aims to carry out a geomorphological survey and mapping of Precet Forest Park, located on the slopes of Mount Kawi, East Java. The research uses a descriptive quantitative approach by combining field surveys and geospatial data analysis. Primary data were obtained from Total Station measurements, GPS tracking, and observations of land use, landforms, and soil characteristics. Meanwhile, secondary data such as DEMNAS, geological maps, and soil type maps from official sources were used to support the analysis. The morphometric data were processed using interpolation methods including Kriging, Minimum Curvature, and Polynomial techniques through Surfer and QGIS software. The results showed that the study area is dominated by volcanic landforms with Cambisol soils that have a silty clay texture. The topography is characterized by steep to undulating slopes with varying soil permeability and saturation levels, which affect slope stability. Mass movements such as slumps were identified in several locations. The findings of this research are expected to support land use planning and environmental management efforts, as well as serve as a learning reference for geography students in applying geomorphological mapping techniques in the field.
Copyright (c) 2025 Listyo Yudha Irawan, Purwanto, Rudi Hartono, Ravinesh Rohit Prasad, Aulia Amatullah, Azril Chairil, Zunan Faruq Ardiansyah, Widodo Eko Prasetyo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Integrating UAV Data and Community Knowledge for Optimal Tsunami Evacuation Route Map in Coastal Loto Village, Ternate
The coastal area of Ternate Island has a high potential for tsunami disasters and complex tectonics. The tsunami on Ternate Island was triggered by an earthquake in the Maluku Sea and the eruption of Mount Gamalama under the sea. The rapid development of Ternate, especially in the tourism sector, such as Loto Agrotourism Village, West Ternate, demands attention to the safety of visitors and residents. The main problem in Loto Village is the lack of evacuation routes, so an effective evacuation strategy is needed to minimize losses during a tsunami disaster. This study aims to determine evacuation routes using UAV data and participatory mapping in Loto Village, Ternate City. UAV aerial photos were processed using photogrammetry techniques with Agisoft Metashape Professional software, producing Ortho-Mosaic Maps and Digital Elevation Model (DEM), which were analyzed in QGIS software. The ortho-mosaic map was overlaid with a tsunami hazard map to create temporary evacuation routes and points (TES), which were confirmed through participatory mapping. The Final Map shows four TESs, which are accessible via footpaths, side roads, and main roads. In the event of a tsunami, tourists and residents in the Lota Agrotourism area can use this map for evacuation. The map can also be an important reference for the government in forming disaster mitigation policies to ensure the safety of tourist destinations that are vulnerable to tsunamis.
Copyright (c) 2025 Risky Nuri Amelia, Rohima Wahyu Ningrum, Tamrin Robo, Muhammad Ikhsan, Triani Triani, Marwis Aswan, Yuni Andriyani Safitri, Heinrich Rakuasa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Landslide Risk Mapping for Sustainable Tourism Development: A Case Study in Kalibaru Watershed, Indonesia
The development of sustainable tourism in landslide-prone areas required a detailed understanding of environmental risks to ensure safety and resilience. This study aimed to generate a comprehensive landslide risk map to support sustainable tourism development in the Kalibaru Watershed, located in the Raung Volcano region of Indonesia. This study employed the Spatial Multi-Criteria Evaluation (SMCE) method using spatial data and GIS software to map landslide risk based on three main components: hazard, vulnerability, and capacity. The results classified landslide risks in the Kalibaru Watershed into three categories: high risk (21,682 hectares), medium risk (28,113 hectares), and low risk (22,742 hectares). The findings revealed that the highest risk areas were concentrated on the middle and upper slopes of the watershed, particularly within the Glenmore and Kalibaru sub-districts, where a combination of steep terrain, soil characteristics, and heavy rainfall exacerbated landslide susceptibility. This risk map provided valuable insights for stakeholders involved in sustainable tourism planning, offering a strategic tool for developing safe, environmentally-conscious, and disaster-resilient tourism infrastructure. The implementation of this map aimed to raise awareness among local communities and policymakers about the potential landslide risks and encouraged the adoption of effective mitigation measures, fostering a more sustainable and disaster-aware tourism model in the region.
Copyright (c) 2025 Syamsul Bachri, Sumarmi, Furqan Aksa, Nanda Regita Cahyaning Putri, A Riyan Rahman Hakiki, Mellinia Regina Heni Prastiwi, Tabita May Hidiyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Environmental Carrying Capacity Based on Ecosystem Services for Settlement Development Plans in The Sota State Border Area, Merauke
Sustainable settlement design necessitates the incorporation of environmental carrying capacity determined by ecosystem services. In border areas like the Sota Border Area (KPN) in Papua, ecological pressures intensify as a result of population expansion and economic endeavours. This study assesses the environmental carrying capacity and resilience of settlements through an ecosystem services framework, comparing conditions in 2019 and 2024 to evaluate the impact of development plans. The analysis focuses on five key ecosystem services: food provision, clean water supply, water flow regulation and flood control, disaster protection, and air quality maintenance. Data collection involved field surveys, remote sensing, and GIS-based spatial overlay analysis to map land use changes and ecosystem service values. Results in 2019 showed residential development concentrated in zones with high ecosystem service values, such as food provision (771.7 ha in SUB BWP 2) and clean water supply (742.98 ha in SUB BWP 3). Development in low-lying areas prioritized flood regulation (460.1 ha in SUB BWP 1) and disaster protection (560.7 ha in SUB BWP 1). By 2024, developed land in the very high clean water supply zone of SUB BWP 1 increased sharply from 0.10 ha to 28.86 ha. This research highlights the critical need to incorporate ecosystem service data into settlement planning to sustain environmental capacity and enhance border region sustainability
Copyright (c) 2025 Dian Hudawan Santoso, Yuli Dwi Astanti, Astrid Wahyu Adventri Wibowo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
A Geoprocessing Approach Using Poi Visibility Index for Identifying Potential Routes in Designing Sustainable Tourism Development: The Case Study of Singkawang, Indonesia
Regional planning and urban design are essential in developing a region or city. Point of Interest (POI) data in area planning can significantly influence resident perceptions and behaviors and shape investment decisions and development strategies in tourist areas. This study focuses on Singkawang City, a prominent coastal tourist destination on the island of Kalimantan, Indonesia. Singkawang features a historical spatial layout but faces numerous contemporary challenges. The research aims to identify potential efficient tourist routes using geographic analysis based on the POI visibility index. The research has practical benefits, including promoting tourism development, supporting local economic growth, optimizing land use, and enhancing urban user-friendliness. The study employs data on road networks, buildings, and tourist attraction points. The analysis identifies the nodes (POIs and intersections) that concentrate the most efficient routes in the study area, actively connecting tourist attractions in the city center. These routes demonstrate greater importance than those connecting natural attractions in the city's peripheral areas. User visitation levels and the visibility of POIs influence the city's morphological movement patterns. The findings highlight the strategic role of POI-based geographic analysis in improving urban connectivity and guiding regional planning efforts, offering valuable insights for addressing urban challenges and advancing sustainable, tourism-focused urban development.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yudi Purnomo, Agustiah Wulandari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Content Analysis of Geography Textbook Using Beck and McKeown Model on Natural Disaster Mitigation
Quality textbooks are essential for developing critical thinking skills in geography education, especially for disaster mitigation in Indonesia's disaster-prone environment. To analyze the content quality of geography textbooks on natural disaster mitigation using the Beck and McKeown model and identify specific weaknesses. Qualitative content analysis with coding techniques was conducted on three geography textbooks for grade 11 students published by Erlangga, Grafindo Media Pratama, and Mediatama. A total of 226 paragraphs were analyzed using six adapted Beck and McKeown categories: problematic discussion, concept density, discourse clarity, main idea focus, example adequacy, and explanation structure. Analysis revealed quality issues across categories: 15.92% of paragraphs failed to present discussable problems, 6.19% contained excessive concepts, 4.86% lacked clear discourse, 3.53% presented multiple main ideas, 0.44% provided inadequate examples, and 1.33% showed illogical arrangements. Overall classification ranged from "good" to "very good" despite significant limitations. While textbooks met basic quality standards, substantial improvements are needed in problem-based content, concept organization, discourse clarity, and logical structuring to enhance critical thinking development for disaster education. This is the first application of the Beck and McKeown model to Indonesian geography textbooks focusing on disaster mitigation, providing a specialized assessment framework for disaster education materials. Findings offer actionable guidance for textbook authors, publishers, teachers, and policymakers to improve geography education quality and disaster preparedness literacy.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Aliman, Supriyono Supriyono, Dahri Hi Halek, Syahril Lukman, Suhailee Sohnui, Silvia Marni, Mike Mike https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Moderate Replacement Fertility: Tranquility Dimension Variables of Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia in 2023
This study examines life tranquility in the context of moderate replacement fertility levels in the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY) in 2023. The region's diverse social, cultural, and economic characteristics significantly influence fertility trends and family dynamics. Areas like Sleman and Bantul display higher family proportions, reflecting stable fertility levels, while Yogyakarta City faces challenges in maintaining population growth due to lower fertility rates, influenced by urbanization and economic pressures. This urban-rural divide underscores the complex relationship between fertility patterns and socio-economic factors. Despite increasing birth rates in some areas, challenges persist in understanding fertility behaviors, particularly in relation to access to education, healthcare, and family policies. These factors can either support or hinder efforts to achieve sustainable population growth and well-being. This study explores the connections between moderate fertility rates, life tranquility, and socio-economic influences in DIY. It also examines how education, healthcare access, and family planning policies impact family well-being and fertility decisions. The research aims to provide policy solutions to enhance the quality of life for families across the region. By understanding the socio-economic determinants of fertility trends, this study offers insights into urban-rural differences and informs policy design to address fertility changes and promote stable family dynamics.
Copyright (c) 2025 Seri Aryati, Sukamdi Sukamdi, Umi Listyaningsih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Fieldwork: Utilizing the Environment for Comprehensive Geography Learning
This study provides an overview of how the Field Trip learning method can be used in school geography by utilizing natural and artificial laboratories. Geography education includes various components, including the lithosphere, anthroposphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and atmosphere. One effective method to enhance learning is to utilize the environment as a resource through fieldwork, where students engage in direct observation and investigation outside the classroom. The research method uses a qualitative approach with literature studies and bibliographic analysis. The findings show that natural and artificial environments can support fieldwork-based learning, including (1) studying the distribution of flora and fauna in urban forests, (2) understanding natural disasters through visits to the Tsunami Museum, (3) applying remote sensing techniques by exploring hilly landscapes, and (4) utilizing university laboratories for Geographic Information Systems. The fieldwork method encourages interactive learning between teachers and students and peer involvement, creating a fun yet focused learning experience. In addition, incorporating the environment as a learning resource enhances students' critical thinking, encourages active participation, and fosters a scientific mindset. Students gain deeper geographical insights through this approach while developing important analytical and observation skill
Copyright (c) 2025 Daska Azis, M Hafizul Furqan, Suhendro, Muhammad Al-Farisy, Ahmad Nubli Gadeng, Mirza Desfandi, Rizka Dewantara, Cut Meurah Badriatun Nufus, Rahmilia Hadiyani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Batak Toba Women's Struggle to Protect Traditional Frankincense Forests in a Geographical Perspective
Batak Toba oral literature represents women as farmers and discoverers of frankincense trees, highlighting the connection between women and nature. The ecofeminism perspective views this relationship as a form of resistance against environmental exploitation and gender injustice. The purpose of this article is to focus on the struggle of the Batak Toba Sipituhuta-Pandumaan ethnic women in preserving the indigenous frankincense forest against Toba Pulp Lestari (TPL). The research method that will be used is qualitative research with a descriptive approach. Phase I (first) will be observing, identifying, and classifying the types of Batak Toba literary works that contain Batak Toba cultural values related to environmental conservation efforts. In the second stage, participatory observations and in-depth interviews were conducted with selected informants, followed by analysis, discussion, and conclusions. The struggle of women in protecting the frankincense forest has long been represented in folklore, portraying women as the discoverers of the tree that saved their family's economy. Within the forest-owning community, women also play a role in protecting men from potential violence during conflicts. Supported by KSPPM, the prolonged struggle of Sipituhuta-Pandumaan women resulted in the recognition of their customary forest by the government in 2021. Their close connection to the frankincense forest stems from their feminine nature, characterized by a deep concern for environmental preservation and household sustainability, which is perceived as a cultural burden.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ratih Baiduri, Elly Prihasti Wuriyani, Muharrina Harahap, Ayu Febryani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Temporal Trends and Spatial Patterns of Forest Fires in Central Kalimantan: Implications for Fire Management Policies
Forest and land fires remain a significant environmental challenge in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, causing extensive ecological, economic, and health impacts. This research investigates the spatial distribution and concentration of forest and land fire hotspots in the region from 2018 to 2024. Hotspot data from the SIPONGI system were processed using kernel density estimation to generate density maps, which were subsequently overlaid to pinpoint areas with the highest fire concentrations. The analysis identified 2019 as the year with the most severe fire occurrences, with Pulang Pisau District emerging as the region with the greatest fire intensity. These findings offer critical insights for directing fire prevention efforts and enhancing land management strategies to mitigate future fire risks in Central Kalimantan.
Copyright (c) 2025 Aswin Nur Saputra, Rixal Rixal, Rizky Pamuji, Yusuf Al Arief https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Digitizing Aceh's Historical Heritage: Exploring the Role of Technology in Cultural Preservation
Aceh is a region that has a rich historical and cultural heritage, which reflects its civilization and identity from time to time. However, the threat to the preservation of these historical relics is increasing over time, especially due to natural factors, urbanization, and social changes. Digitalization has emerged as a potential solution to address these challenges. The digitization of historical and cultural heritage offers a new way to preserve, access, and promote Aceh's cultural heritage more broadly. This research aims to explore the role of digital technology in the preservation of Aceh's cultural heritage, as well as its impact on local and global communities. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study on the Aceh Historical Trail Map (acehhistorytrailmap.id). Data were collected through in-depth interviews with stakeholders, document analysis, and observation of platform usage. The analysis was conducted thematically to identify the benefits of digitalization, the technology used, and challenges in preserving cultural heritage. The study focuses on historical sites in East Aceh, such as Perlak and Idi, as the research locus. Through the analysis of case studies from the historical heritage digitization project in Aceh, this study examines the effectiveness of digital devices such as digital imaging, virtual tours, and online platforms in documenting and disseminating important elements of Acehnese culture, such as: artifacts and historical sites. The results of this research are expected to provide insight into effective strategies for cultural heritage preservation through technology, as well as the potential for collaboration between stakeholders in realizing sustainable digital transformation for the preservation of Aceh's historical heritage.
Copyright (c) 2025 Aulia Rahman, Mufti Riyani, Okhaifi Prasetyo, Ronald Fransyaigu, Asnawi Asnawi, Nurasih Shamadiyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Integrating Scratch Techniques in Relief Map Media for Earth's Surface Learning
In the modern educational landscape, innovative teaching methods, such as raised-relief maps using graphic art scratch techniques, are crucial for helping students engage with complex geography concepts. These tactile maps provide a multisensory learning experience, enhancing spatial awareness and retention by allowing students to physically interact with three-dimensional topographies. By combining art and geography, this approach fosters creativity while improving students' understanding and retention of geographical features. This research uses the R&D method with the ADDIE model to design and develop a raised relief map to improve students' understanding of the Earth's topography. The development process involves creating a map prototype using scratch graphic art techniques and various materials such as plywood, foam, plaster, and acrylic paint to create three-dimensional topographic features. The results of this research indicate that raised relief maps successfully enhance students’ understanding of spatial relationships and topographic features of the Earth through an interactive, multisensory approach. The use of tactile materials and interactive elements in the maps helped students understand complex geographic concepts, while feedback from prototype testing provided insights for design improvements to enhance learning effectiveness. The contribution of this research is to provide an effective tactile-based learning aid development model to enhance students' geographical understanding, while opening up opportunities for further innovation in interactive education.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ayu Suciani, Zukya Rona Islami, Reni Nuryanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0