TRANSFORM: Journal of English Language Teaching and Learning
type: channel
description: TRANSFORM Journal was published by English Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, Universitas Negeri Medan with DOI prefix of 10.24114 by has been covered in indexing and abstracting services such as DOAJ, Copernicus, Dimensions, Garuda, Harvard, Library, Scilit, Google Scholar, Neliti and ResearchGate. TRANSFORM Journal (E-ISSN: 2985-9441 | P-ISSN: 2301-5225) is an open-access electronic journal that supports research in the field of Linguistics, Literature, and English Language Teaching. The aim of the journal is to publish academic research on applied linguistics relevant to actual issues and to be a publication platform for original research from academics, researchers, and practitioners. TRANSFORM Journal is issued four times annually, in March, June, September and December. The focus and scope of this journal include areas of analysis like Linguistics, Literature, and English Language Teaching.
publisher: Universitas Negeri Medan
language: en
publication name: TRANSFORM: Journal of English Language Teaching and Learning
issn: 2301-5225
copyright: Authors who publish with this journal agree with the following terms: Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
items: Teacher’s Elicitation Techniques in Teaching Expressing Agreement for 8th Grade Students at UPT SMP Negeri 17 Medan
items: Teacher's Translanguaging Practice in EFL Classroom Interaction in A Junior High School
items: Speaking Materials' Eligibility Standard in "Bahasa Inggris Kelas XI SMK" Textbook
items: Intertextuality in 2024 Indonesian Presidential Debate Memes on X
items: Representation of Toxic Masculinity In Extrajoss Advertisements: A Multimodal Analysis
items: Analysis of Students’ Awareness Toward The Importance of Mastering English Skill for Their Future Career
items: Students’ Language Anxiety Levels and Factors in Using ELSA Speak for Grade Eight at SMP Santo Thomas 3 Medan
items: Existential Presupposition Found in The Great Indian Teen Fiction Collective
items: Students’ Perceptions on The Implementation of Problem-Based Learning at SMKN 8 Medan
items: Students’ Perception on Micro-teaching Course at English Education Department of UIN SUSKA RIAU
items: A Semiotic Analysis of Roland Barthes on MS Glow Beauty Advertisement on YouTube
items: The Transformation of Intrinsic Elements in The Adaptation of The Viscount Who Loved Me into TV
items: The Impact of TikTok Usage on English Language Acquisition Among Adolescent Students in HKBP Siantar Timur
items: Derivational Affixes in Toy Story 4 Movie Script
items: Experiential Metafunction in Selected Poems by John Cooper Clarke
items: The Effect of Using Spelling Bee Games Toward Students’ Vocabulary Mastery
items: The Effect of Using Flipped Classroom Strategy on Students’ Speaking Ability
items: The Effect of Skimming Reading Technique on Students’ Reading Comprehension in Analytical Exposition Text
items: Student’s Interest in Writing Transactional Text by Using Origami Paper at MTs PP Darul Qur’an
items: Discourse Markers in Closed-Door Interview of 71st Miss Universe
items: Conflict and Personality of The Main Character in Kim Yong-Hoon’s Mask Girl: A Psychological Analysis
items: Strategies to Optimise Long-term Memory in Learning Vocabulary
items: Efforts to Improve Public Speaking Skills for New Students
items: Flouting of Grice’s Maxim in Chris Rock ‘Selective Outrage’ Stand-Up Comedy Show on Netflix
items: The Characterization of "I" in The Tell Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe
items: Clauses (Types of Clauses: Main & Subordinate Clasuses)
items: An Analysis of Students' Motivation on Using Online Platform in English Learning
items: An Analysis of Readibility of English Textbook Used by The Second Grade Students of SMK Negeri 1 Kelayang
items: Application of A Genre-Based Approach With Audio Visual Aid to Improve The Writing Ability of Class 11 Students of Serdang Bedagai Madrasah Aliyah
items: Racial Discrimination in Langston Hughes' Selected Poems

Teacher’s Elicitation Techniques in Teaching Expressing Agreement for 8th Grade Students at UPT SMP Negeri 17 Medan
type: item
description: This study investigates the types of elicitation techniques used by an English teacher and how these techniques were implemented in teaching expressions of agreement to Grade 8 students at UPT SMP Negeri 17 Medan. Utilizing a qualitative descriptive design, data were obtained through classroom observations and teacher interviews. The findings indicate that the teacher applied five types of elicitation techniques as proposed by Doff (2013): asking questions, using pictures, texts/dialogues, games/activities, and non-verbal language. Among these, direct questioning and text/dialogue-based elicitation frequently, were mostly employed. These techniques were implemented systematically across the pre-teaching, whilst-teaching, and post-teaching stages to promote student participation, enhance interaction, and support comprehension. The study underscores the significance of varied elicitation techniques in fostering student-centered learning and improving students’ communicative competence.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Elicitation Technique
  topic: keywords
subject: Expressing Agreement
  topic: keywords
subject: Classroom Interaction
  topic: keywords
creator: D. Trisha Laxmi
creator: Ariatna
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 D. Trisha Laxmi, Ariatna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 154
ending page: 164
doi: 10.24114/tj.v14i3.68918

Teacher's Translanguaging Practice in EFL Classroom Interaction in A Junior High School
type: item
description: This research intends to examine the teacher’s translanguaging practices in EFL classroom interaction at a junior high school setting. A qualitative research approach was adopted. The data gathered through observation and interviews. The participant in this study was a seventh-grade English teacher from SMP Negeri 5 Percut Sei Tuan. The findings revealed that the teacher utilized four types of translanguaging practices: (1) translanguaging within one named language (Indonesian), (2) translanguaging through translation, (3) translanguaging through peer support, and (4) translanguaging through two named languages (Indonesian and English). These practices were employed to deliver instructions, clarify learning materials, and ensure students’ understanding. The reasons for using translanguaging included students’ limited vocabulary mastery, the need to clarify teacher instructions and the creation of a comfortable learning environment. The study concludes that translanguaging is an effective pedagogical strategy for enhancing student comprehension and supporting the teaching-learning process of English as a foreign language.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Translanguaging
  topic: keywords
subject: Classroom Interaction
  topic: keywords
subject: English Language Teaching
  topic: keywords
creator: Cindy Luasen Pakpahan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Cindy Luasen Pakpahan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 146
ending page: 153
doi: 10.24114/tj.v14i3.68751

Speaking Materials' Eligibility Standard in "Bahasa Inggris Kelas XI SMK" Textbook
type: item
description: This study evaluates the speaking materials within the “Bahasa Inggris Kelas XI SMK” textbook, acknowledging its critical role in fostering practical communication skills for the workforce as mandated by the Indonesian national curriculum. The primary aim is to assess the eligibility of these materials against five key criteria proposed by Tomlinson (2011): authenticity, relevance, engagement, support, and variety. Employing a descriptive qualitative methodology with a document analysis approach, the research systematically examines the textbook’s content using a checklist-based assessment. The findings reveal that the textbook substantially fulfills these eligibility standards. It demonstrates strong authenticity through dialogues and tasks that mirror real-world communication, high relevance by providing activities with clear communicative goals, and effective engagement and support via structured, interactive excercises that build learner confidence. However, a significant limitation was identified in the criterion of variety. The analysis indicates a notable scarcity of activities explicitly designed for auditory and kinesthetic learning styles, with materials predominantly catering to visual learners. This study concludes that while the textbook serves as a valuable resource, its future iterations would benefit significantly from the integration of more diverse activities to ensure greater inclusivity and effectiveness for all learning preferences.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Textbook
  topic: keywords
subject: Speaking Materials
  topic: keywords
subject: Tomlinson's Framework
  topic: keywords
subject: English for Vocational High School
  topic: keywords
subject: Learning Styles
  topic: keywords
creator: Filza Irawan Hasibuan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Filza Irawan Hasibuan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 134
ending page: 145
doi: 10.24114/tj.v14i3.68748

Intertextuality in 2024 Indonesian Presidential Debate Memes on X
type: item
description: The advent of social media has led to changes in the way people communicate. One such change is in the usage of memes, especially among the younger generation. With Gen Z and Millennials making up over 50% of the voters in the 2024 Indonesian presidential election, memes became one way they voiced their opinions on the televised debates held prior to the election. This research aimed to find out how intertextuality impacted the meaning of political memes about the 2024 Indonesian presidential candidate debates. This research employed the qualitative method. The critical discourse analysis by Fairclough was used to analyze the data. The memes were limited only to those that referenced works of literature that were uploaded on the social media platform X on the day of or the day after the first, third, and fifth presidential debates. The findings indicated that intertextuality in memes added a layer of complexity and nuance that allowed the creators to criticize the candidates implicitly through humor, thus circumventing censorship and IET laws. The memes functioned as a mode of political advocacy and public discussion, mainly in the form of criticism of the candidates’ actions during the debates. Criticism of the first and third debates likely contributed to the calmer proceedings of the final debate.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Intertextuality
  topic: keywords
subject: Meme
  topic: keywords
subject: X
  topic: keywords
subject: Presidential Candidate Debate
  topic: keywords
creator: Odytyas Fanni Anggraheni Dewanti Valkenburg
creator: Bima Prana Chitra
creator: Emmy Erwina
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Odytyas Fanni Anggraheni Dewanti Valkenburg, Bima Prana Chitra, Emmy Erwina https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 180
ending page: 194
doi: 10.24114/tj.v14i3.68008

Representation of Toxic Masculinity In Extrajoss Advertisements: A Multimodal Analysis
type: item
description: This study examines how toxic masculinity is represented in Extra Joss advertisements on Instagram, particularly those featuring the tagline “Laki Buktikan.” It explores how visual and textual elements construct and reinforce harmful masculine ideals in Indonesian media. Using Terry A. Kupers’ (2005) framework, the analysis focuses on traits such as homophobia, greed, and violent domination. Kress and van Leeuwen’s (2006) visual grammar framework is also applied to assess meaning-making through representational, interactive, and compositional metafunctions. Employing a qualitative approach with Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis (MCDA), the study analyzes twelve selected Instagram advertisements. The findings reveal that Extra Joss ads frequently promote toxic masculine traits through aggressive postures, stoic expressions, and action-oriented slogans. These elements normalize emotional suppression, dominance, and relentless performance as desirable male characteristics. The study concludes that the advertisements contribute to the construction and normalization of toxic masculinity by combining verbal and visual strategies to promote a narrow and rigid masculine identity.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Toxic Masculinity
  topic: keywords
subject: Multimodal Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Extra Joss Advertisements
  topic: keywords
subject: Visual Grammar
  topic: keywords
creator: Khoirunnisa Andrevi Prayogi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Khoirunnisa Andrevi Prayogi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 165
ending page: 179
doi: 10.24114/tj.v14i3.67488

Analysis of Students’ Awareness Toward The Importance of Mastering English Skill for Their Future Career
type: item
description: This research investigates the awareness level of students in Politeknik Harapan Bersama regarding the importance of mastering English skills, specifically in the context of future career development. Using a structured questionnaire administered to 42 students from various departments, the results reveal a generally low level of awareness and motivation toward English language acquisition for professional advancement. Reliability and validity analyses were conducted, including Cronbach's alpha, item-total correlation, and p-value t-tests. The findings underline the urgent need for targeted interventions and curriculum reforms to enhance English proficiency and awareness among vocational learners.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: English Proficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: Student Awareness
  topic: keywords
subject: Vocational Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Future Career
  topic: keywords
creator: Muchammad Sofyan Firmansyah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Muchammad Sofyan Firmansyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-06-26
publication date: 2025-06-26
starting page: 125
ending page: 133
doi: 10.24114/tj.v14i2.67385

Students’ Language Anxiety Levels and Factors in Using ELSA Speak for Grade Eight at SMP Santo Thomas 3 Medan
type: item
description: This study investigates the levels of students’ language anxiety and its contributing factors in using ELSA Speak, an AI-powered mobile application for English speaking practice. Conducted among 26 eighth-grade students at SMP Santo Thomas 3 Medan, the research applied a qualitative method utilizing the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) questionnaire and in-depth interviews. The findings revealed that most students experienced mild to relaxed levels of anxiety when using ELSA Speak. Only one student reported an anxious level, while none fell into the very anxious category. Three primary factors contributing to students’ language anxiety were identified: communication apprehension, test anxiety, and fear of negative evaluation. Notably, test anxiety appeared across all anxiety levels, indicating its strong influence in technology-assisted language learning. The study concludes that while ELSA Speak reduces extreme anxiety, the embedded scoring and feedback system remains a source of pressure for learners. Recommendations are made for educators to create supportive learning environments and for application developers to consider the psychological impacts of evaluative features in educational technologies.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Language Anxiety
  topic: keywords
subject: ELSA Speak
  topic: keywords
subject: Speaking Anxiety
  topic: keywords
creator: Fransiska Saragih
creator: Safrida Lubis
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Fransika Saragih, Safrida Lubis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-06-26
publication date: 2025-06-26
starting page: 116
ending page: 124
doi: 10.24114/tj.v14i2.67378

Existential Presupposition Found in The Great Indian Teen Fiction Collective
type: item
description: The objectives of this study were to find out the existential presupposition found in the book entitled The Great Indian Teen Fiction Collective. This study used George Yule’s theory of presupposition in which there are six types of presupposition. The research method used qualitative research method. Data were obtained from the book entitled The Great Indian Teen Fiction Collective which is the source of data in this study. A total of 30 existential presuppositions were found, in each of the first to fifth titles. 1% in The Hero of Mayapur, 5% in Finally Free, 6% in Strangers We Meet, Friends We Depart, 10% in Big Brown Desk, and 7% in Zem.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Presupposition
  topic: keywords
subject: The Great Indian Teen
  topic: keywords
subject: Fiction Collective
  topic: keywords
subject: Existential Presupposition
  topic: keywords
subject: Fictional Stories
  topic: keywords
creator: Aqila Gustaf
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Aqila Gustaf https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-06-26
publication date: 2025-06-26
starting page: 101
ending page: 115
doi: 10.24114/tj.v14i2.67364

Students’ Perceptions on The Implementation of Problem-Based Learning at SMKN 8 Medan
type: item
description: This study is aimed to analyze students’ perceptions on the implementation of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in writing procedural texts at Grade X Culinary Arts 5 at SMKN 8 Medan. Employing a qualitative approach, the data were obtained through questionnaire, classroom observation, and semi-structured interview. Thirty-five students from X Culinary Arts 5 served as the source of the data. The questionnaire consisted of eight closed-ended statements adapted from Zahra and Baa (2021), which measured students’ perceptions based on key indicators such as curiosity and independent learning, organization and writing process, collaboration and communication, and vocabulary and writing skills development. Classroom observations documented real-time engagement and interactions during PBL activities, while semi-structured interview captured students’ experiences and thoughts on PBL implementation. The findings revealed that students generally perceived PBL positively, noting its effectiveness in enhancing writing skills, particularly in structuring procedural texts and expanding vocabulary. This study highlights that PBL is more effective when students possess a practical orientation and a collaborative mindset, as seen in Culinary Arts students who connected procedural texts with real-world applications. Although some students faced challenges in adapting to problem-solving tasks, PBL fostered collaboration, encouraged independent learning, and increased motivation, making it a highly interactive and beneficial approach to learning procedural texts in a vocational education
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Students' Perceptions
  topic: keywords
subject: Problem-Based Learning (PBL)
  topic: keywords
subject: Writing Skill
  topic: keywords
subject: Procedural Text
  topic: keywords
creator: Afifah Zahra Atamy
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Afifah Zahra Atamy https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-06-26
publication date: 2025-06-26
starting page: 93
ending page: 100
doi: 10.24114/tj.v14i2.67361

Students’ Perception on Micro-teaching Course at English Education Department of UIN SUSKA RIAU
type: item
description: The purpose of this research is to describe the students’ perception on micro-teaching and to determine students’ ability in micro-teaching course at sixth semester for students of English education department UIN Suska Riau. This research used quantitative design. The sample of this research were taken by random sampling. The population of this research is sixth semester students at the English education department of UIN Suska Riau. There were 26 students in total as the sample (20% from 126 students). In data collection, researcher used questionnaires and interview to collect data. The result of the research shows that the students’ perception on micro-teaching course is M=4.68 which is classified into very good category with students’ ability in teaching preparation is M=4.36 which is classified into very high level of category, students’ ability in preparation process (making RPP) is M=4.00 which is classified into high level of category, and students’ ability in explaining classified into enough level of category.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: EFL
  topic: keywords
subject: Students' Perception
  topic: keywords
subject: Micro-teaching Course
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Rifki Hamim
creator: Idham Syahputra
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Rifki Hamim, Idham Syahputra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-06-26
publication date: 2025-06-26
starting page: 75
ending page: 92
doi: 10.24114/tj.v14i2.67358

A Semiotic Analysis of Roland Barthes on MS Glow Beauty Advertisement on YouTube
type: item
description: This study is about analyzing semiotic of Roland Barthes on MS Glow Beauty Advertisement on YouTube. The objectives of this study were to find out the denotative and connotative meaning also the myths’ representation used by MS Glow throughout the classification of signifier and signified. The method used in this study was descriptive qualitative method. The data was about 16 screenshots captured consists of visual and verbal signs which taken from the 3 sources data that is contained in MS Glow Beauty advertisement on YouTube. The findings showed a number of visual signs and verbal signs had balanced where visual signs for picture had 14 signs and visual signs for text in picture had 13 signs, while the verbal signs with tag line consists 11 signs and verbal signs with dialogue consists 16 signs. Both of visual signs and verbal signs conveyed denotative meaning that is realized by visual signs as picture or text in picture, verbal signs as tag line or dialogue. Meanwhile, connotative meaning realized as giving meaning for every single sign and the myths’ representation for advertisements where belief of beauty was belongings to women who have white skin only, not for dark skin and it was also occurred for men. The implication of this study is to give understanding of semiotic approach focused on advertisement.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Visual Signs
  topic: keywords
subject: Verbal Signs
  topic: keywords
subject: Semiotic in Advertisement
  topic: keywords
subject: MS Glow
  topic: keywords
creator: Rut Damai Yanti Siahaan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Rut Damai Yanti Siahaan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-03-27
publication date: 2025-03-27
starting page: 62
ending page: 74
doi: 10.24114/tj.v14i1.67345

The Transformation of Intrinsic Elements in The Adaptation of The Viscount Who Loved Me into TV
type: item
description: This study analyzes the transformation of intrinsic elements in The Viscount Who Loved Me novel into the TV series entitled Bridgerton Season 2 by Shondaland through the adaptation theory by Linda Hutcheon. Transformation in the adaptation process leads to the ideology contained in novel and TV series. Mythology by Roland Barthes is used to uncover the ideology behind the adaptation, and it will bring us to the motive of the adaptation. The data are in intrinsic elements such as character, characterization, and plot were taken from the texts in The Viscount Who Loved Me and the TV Series Bridgerton Season 2. The result of this study shows that there are differences in ideologies. In the novel, the ideologies are filled with patriarchy and social class, while in the TV series they focus on American values, feminism, and liberalism. These ideologies reflect the motives behind the adaptation, which are cultural capital and economic lure.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Adaptation
  topic: keywords
subject: Myth
  topic: keywords
subject: Ideology
  topic: keywords
subject: Motives
  topic: keywords
subject: Novel Into TV Series
  topic: keywords
creator: Sari Nur Rizki Fitria
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sari Nur Rizki Fitria https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-03-27
publication date: 2025-03-27
starting page: 47
ending page: 61
doi: 10.24114/tj.v14i1.67335

The Impact of TikTok Usage on English Language Acquisition Among Adolescent Students in HKBP Siantar Timur
type: item
description: This comprehensive study investigates the multifaceted impact of TikTok usage on English language acquisition among adolescent students in HKBP Siantar Timur. Employing a mixed-methods approach, this research delves deep into how TikTok influences various aspects of language learning, including vocabulary acquisition, listening comprehension, speaking skills, and cultural awareness. The study surveyed 21 teenagers aged 15-17, meticulously analyzing their TikTok usage patterns, language preferences, learning strategies, and perceived impacts on English proficiency. Additionally, in-depth interviews were conducted with a subset of participants to gain richer insights into their experiences and perceptions. Results indicate that while TikTok offers engaging and diverse content for language learning, students face significant challenges such as distraction, content reliability, and the need for critical digital literacy skills. The study reveals complex relationships between TikTok usage frequency, content types, and perceived language improvements. Notably, students who actively engaged with educational content and international users reported higher perceived gains in language skills. This research provides nuanced insights for educators, policymakers, and researchers on leveraging social media platforms for language education in the digital age. It highlights the need for structured guidance, curated content, and the development of digital literacy skills to maximize the potential of platforms like TikTok in formal and informal language learning contexts.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Social Media
  topic: keywords
subject: TikTok
  topic: keywords
subject: Adolescent Student
  topic: keywords
subject: English Acquisition
  topic: keywords
creator: Marino Sihombing
creator: Bernieke Damanik
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Marino Sihombing, Bernieke Damanik https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-03-27
publication date: 2025-03-27
starting page: 29
ending page: 46
doi: 10.24114/tj.v14i1.67334

Derivational Affixes in Toy Story 4 Movie Script
type: item
description: This research aims to find out some things about derivational affixes contained in Toy Story 4 movie script, such as the types of derivational affixes used in the movie as well as the form and meaning of the derivational affixes. This research uses Yule’s theory (2010). This theory is used to understand everything about affixes, especially on derivational affixes. This research uses a qualitative method. Qualitative method is used to describe and analyze the derivational words in Toy Story 4 movie script. In this research, the researcher focuses on collecting data about derivational affixes in the script of Toy Story 4 movie. The data is taken through derivational text contained in the script. The researcher analyzed a quarter of the total pages of the script. Before analyzing the words containing affixes, the researcher first describes words containing affixes. The result of this study found that there are two types of affixes in Toy Story 4 movie script, namely prefixes and suffixes. There are 2 types of prefixes with 5 word data containing derivational affixes. Prefixes consists of un- (4), in- (1). There are 19 types of suffixes with 124 word data containing derivational affixes. Suffixes consists of -ing (20), -s (41), -ion (4), -ed (18), -es (3), -ful (2), -er (6), -y (5), -en (6), -ly (4), -ic (2), -ite (1), -ship (1), -man (1), -able (1), -ent (1), -ant (1), -est (1), and -tion (1).
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Morphology
  topic: keywords
subject: Derivational Affixes
  topic: keywords
subject: Toy Story
  topic: keywords
creator: Sarah Annisah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sarah Annisah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-03-27
publication date: 2025-03-27
starting page: 08
ending page: 28
doi: 10.24114/tj.v14i1.67332

Experiential Metafunction in Selected Poems by John Cooper Clarke
type: item
description: This research discusses about Experiential Metafunction. The objectives of this research are to find out process of Experiential Metafunction and the participant function of Experiential Metafunction. This research uses SFL according to Halliday’s theory. The research on this thesis was carried by using qualitative method. The data were taken from clauses in selected poems by John Cooper Clarke. The research chose three poems that will be carried out Full-time loser, I Wanna Be Yours, and Kung Fu International. The result on this research show that were six types of process based on 54 clauses in selected poems by John Cooper Clarke, such as Material was occurred 22 clauses, Mental 7 clauses, Relational 19 clauses, Verbal 4 clauses, Behavioral occurred 1 clause and Existential 1 clause. The most frequent process contained in this research is material and relational.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Experiential Metafunction
  topic: keywords
subject: Process
  topic: keywords
subject: Participant
  topic: keywords
subject: Circumstance
  topic: keywords
subject: Poems
  topic: keywords
creator: Mifta Huljannah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Mifta Huljannah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-03-27
publication date: 2025-03-27
starting page: 01
ending page: 07
doi: 10.24114/tj.v14i1.67329

The Effect of Using Spelling Bee Games Toward Students’ Vocabulary Mastery
type: item
description: Vocabulary is very important for English language skills, and improving it is a challenge. Spelling bee games, an engineering-based learning tool, can help students become more proficient with vocabulary. This study aims to determine significant differences in vocabulary mastery among grade 8 students at SMPN 23 Pekanbaru. The research was conducted using the pre-experimental one group pre-test post-test method, with a sample size of 36 students, while for sample selection the researcher used a purposive sampling technique. In collecting data, researchers used multiple choice questions. The results showed that there was a significant difference in vocabulary mastery and the researcher used a paired sample T test using the SPSS version 23 with a significance value of 0.000, lower than the threshold of 0.05. In conclusion, spelling bee games can be an appropriate technique to improve vocabulary skills among students.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Effect
  topic: keywords
subject: Spelling Bee Games
  topic: keywords
subject: An Engineering-based Learning Tool
  topic: keywords
subject: Vocabulary Mastery
  topic: keywords
creator: Tiara Agustina
creator: Kurnia Budiyanti
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Tiara Agustina, Kurnia Budiyanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2024-12-30
publication date: 2024-12-30
starting page: 198
ending page: 206
doi: 10.24114/tj.v13i4.67277

The Effect of Using Flipped Classroom Strategy on Students’ Speaking Ability
type: item
description: This research aims to find out the effect of using the Flipped Classroom Strategy on the speaking ability of the eighth-grade students at MTs Al-Ma’arif. The research is quantitative research with an experimental research design. Technique in collecting data is quasi-experimental. The research population were eighth-grade students of MTs Al-Ma’arif, in the academic year of 2023/2024 with a total of 37 students. There were 37 students as a sample of this research. The purposive sampling technique was used in this research. The instrument used to collect data in this research was an oral test consisting of a pre-test and a post-test. The analysis of quantitative data showed that the application of the Flipped Classroom Strategy was an effective strategy in the speaking classroom. The technique of analyzing data was an independent sample T-test through SPSS 25 and Cohen’s d formula. The results of the independent sample t-test indicated that the sig (2-tailed) value was 0.00 < 0.05 which means there was a significant difference on students’ speaking ability, and the effect size was 1.81 with a percentage of 96%. In conclusion, there is a significant effect on the speaking ability of the eighth-grade students taught by using and without using the Flipped Classroom Strategy at MTs Al-Ma’arif.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Flipped Classroom
  topic: keywords
subject: Speaking Ability
  topic: keywords
subject: Kurikulum 2013
  topic: keywords
creator: Nanda Inayah Agustiara
creator: Rizki Amelia
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Nanda Inayah Agustiara, Rizki Amelia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2024-12-30
publication date: 2024-12-30
starting page: 188
ending page: 197
doi: 10.24114/tj.v13i4.67258

The Effect of Skimming Reading Technique on Students’ Reading Comprehension in Analytical Exposition Text
type: item
description: Reading is one of the most important language skills to be learned and mastered by learners of English as a second language. Skimming reading technique is the technique used by the researcher to improve students' reading comprehension in analytical exposition text. This study aims to examine the significant effect of skimming reading technique on students' reading comprehension in analytical exposition text. This research was conducted using the pre-experimental one group pre-test post-test method, with a sample size of 30 students, the sample selection used purposive sampling technique. In collecting data, researchers used multiple choice questions as instruments. In analyzing the data, the researcher used the Paired Sample T Test using the SPSS version 23 program. The results showed that there was a significant influence between students' reading comprehension on analytical exposition text before and after using skimming reading techniques, where the sig (2-tailed) value of 0.000 was smaller than 0.05, then Ha was accepted and Ho was rejected.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Reading Comprehension
  topic: keywords
subject: Skimming
  topic: keywords
subject: Analytical Exposition
  topic: keywords
creator: Reza Aliza Sonia
creator: Roswati
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Reza Aliza Sonia, Roswati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2024-12-30
publication date: 2024-12-30
starting page: 180
ending page: 187
doi: 10.24114/tj.v13i4.67257

Student’s Interest in Writing Transactional Text by Using Origami Paper at MTs PP Darul Qur’an
type: item
description: Using origami paper become one of the effective ways to teach writing. In fact, each student has different interests in writing and the use of origami paper in increasing student interest is still considered unclear. This study is designed to describe student’s level of interest and the dominant indicator of students’ interest in writing transactional text by using origami paper. The design of this research was descriptive quantitative research and the researcher uses a survey model. The population of this study was second year students at MTs PP Darul Qur’an and the sample of this research was taken by using total sampling was 60 students. The techniques of collecting data were close-ended questionnaire. Based on the analysis of student’s interest in writing transactional text by using origami paper, shows that the total score was 5059 with the percentage 84%. It means that the category of student’s interest in writing transactional text by using origami paper is very high level. The researcher also found that the enjoyment indicator was the most dominant indicator of students' interest.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Interest
  topic: keywords
subject: Writing
  topic: keywords
subject: Transactional Text
  topic: keywords
subject: Origami Paper
  topic: keywords
creator: Sofia Listika
creator: Muhammad Taufik Ihsan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sofia Listika, Muhammad Taufik Ihsan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2024-12-30
publication date: 2024-12-30
starting page: 175
ending page: 179
doi: 10.24114/tj.v13i4.67252

Discourse Markers in Closed-Door Interview of 71st Miss Universe
type: item
description: Discourse Markers (DMs) are indispensable elements in spoken communication, aiding in establishing coherence and organizing discourse in both textual and verbal interactions, as delineated by Brinton (2017). The objective of this research is to delineate the functions, and occurrences of Discourse markers employed by the finalists of the 71st Miss Universe 2022. This study employs a qualitative descriptive design to analyze the frequency and context of discourse markers based on the recorded video interviews of the contestants, employing Brinton's (1996) theory as the analytical framework. Additionally, the analysis of the data reveals the types and functions used, and their effects on conversation. the researcher found sixty-tree data which contain 128 DMs that consist of nineteen types. All these findings are not having the same function.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Discourse Markers
  topic: keywords
subject: Closed-door Interview Discourse
  topic: keywords
subject: Brinton's Theory
  topic: keywords
subject: Textual Function
  topic: keywords
subject: Miss Universe
  topic: keywords
creator: Tupa Parulian Siburian
creator: Immanuel Prasetya Ginting
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Tupa Parulian Siburian, Immanuel Prasetya Ginting https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2024-12-30
publication date: 2024-12-30
starting page: 166
ending page: 174
doi: 10.24114/tj.v13i4.67248

Conflict and Personality of The Main Character in Kim Yong-Hoon’s Mask Girl: A Psychological Analysis
type: item
description: This study explores the conflict and personality of the main character, Kim Mo-mi, in the Korean drama Mask Girl directed by Kim Yong-Hoon. By employing qualitative methodology, the research investigates the internal and external conflicts faced by the main character through 30 pieces of dialogue from the script. Using theories by Kenney (1966) and McCrae & Costa (2005), the study categorizes these conflicts and analyzes Kim Mo-mi's personality traits. The findings reveal significant internal conflicts arising from her self-perception and external conflicts involving her relationships with others. The study concludes that these conflicts significantly influence Kim Mo-mi's personality, highlighting the importance of psychological analysis in literary works.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Conflict
  topic: keywords
subject: Korean Drama
  topic: keywords
subject: Main Character
  topic: keywords
subject: Mask Girl
  topic: keywords
subject: Personality
  topic: keywords
creator: Sofia Ananda Ginting
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sofia Ananda Ginting https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2024-09-27
publication date: 2024-09-27
starting page: 159
ending page: 165
doi: 10.24114/tj.v13i3.67212

Strategies to Optimise Long-term Memory in Learning Vocabulary
type: item
description: Optimizing long-term memory in vocabulary is a significant challenge for many university students. The author explores various strategies which include: (1) spaced repetition, (2) use of mnemonic devices, (3) contextual learning, (4) active use, (5) visual aids and mind mapping, (6) self-testing with mobile apps, and (7) associative learning. Each strategy is discussed in depth in current research. The findings show that a combination of several strategies, such as spaced repetition with memory practice, the use of verbal mnemonics, contextualized learning, and visual aids, can significantly improve vocabulary retention and language comprehension.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Long-term Memory
  topic: keywords
subject: Vocabulary
  topic: keywords
subject: Learning Strategies
  topic: keywords
subject: Spaced Repetition
  topic: keywords
subject: Contextualized Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Visual Aids
  topic: keywords
subject: Mobile Apps
  topic: keywords
subject: Associate Learning
  topic: keywords
creator: Sabrina Salsabila
creator: Didik Santoso
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sabrina Salsabila, Didik Santoso https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2024-09-27
publication date: 2024-09-27
starting page: 150
ending page: 158
doi: 10.24114/tj.v13i3.67207

Efforts to Improve Public Speaking Skills for New Students
type: item
description: This article discusses the importance of public speaking skills in various aspects of life, ranging from academic to professional settings. Public speaking not only enhances communication abilities but also builds confidence and leadership skills. Through the analysis of various techniques and strategies, the article provides insights into how to develop public speaking skills, including mastery of content, body language, and audience management. By understanding and applying public speaking skills, individuals can improve their communication effectiveness, influence others, and open new career opportunities. Research shows that students actively engaged in public speaking tend to achieve higher academic performance and are better prepared to enter the workforce. Therefore, the development of public speaking skills should be a focus in higher education curricula to produce graduates who are competent in facing global challenges.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Public Speaking
  topic: keywords
subject: Communication
  topic: keywords
subject: Confidence
  topic: keywords
subject: Leadership
  topic: keywords
subject: Speaking Techniques
  topic: keywords
creator: Putri Naira
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Putri Naira https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2024-09-27
publication date: 2024-09-27
starting page: 143
ending page: 150
doi: 10.24114/tj.v13i3.67204

Flouting of Grice’s Maxim in Chris Rock ‘Selective Outrage’ Stand-Up Comedy Show on Netflix
type: item
description: This research aims to analyze the types and how flouting maxims are used in creating humor in Chris Rock's 'Selective Outrage' Stand-up Comedy Show on Netflix. It focuses on Chris Rock's stand-up comedy entitled Selective Outrage, which addresses social phenomena. It was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Performance in Stand-Up Comedy on Television. The data was utterances displayed for 1 hour and 10 minutes in a script spoken or English subtitle in his comedy performance. The data was collected through a documentary method, using videos of Chris Rock's performance on Netflix. The study uses a descriptive-qualitative design to analyze the linguistic components of the material pragmatics in Chris Rock's comedy performances. The findings demonstrate that the comedian applies every type of maxim, including quality, quantity, relation, and manner to create humor, with maxims flout of quality being the most frequently used. The study also reveals that Chris Rock uses various strategies to flout his maxims, and irrelevant strategies are used more regularly than metaphor and understatement.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Flouting Maxims
  topic: keywords
subject: Flouting Strategies
  topic: keywords
subject: Stand-up Comedy
  topic: keywords
subject: Pragmatics
  topic: keywords
creator: Aura Febri Harvi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Aura Febri Harvi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2024-09-27
publication date: 2024-09-27
starting page: 132
ending page: 142
doi: 10.24114/tj.v13i3.67201

The Characterization of "I" in The Tell Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe
type: item
description: The Tell Tale Heart is one of the world's most famous short story which has been the subject of literary analysis for many years. The characterization in this story is very prominent and becomes the focus of this research. This study aims to analyze the characterization of "I". The research method used is a descriptive qualitative. The data collected is from the short story The Tell Tale Heart. The results show several characterizations of "I" as the main character. The character "I" is described as unstable and obsessed with "eagle eyes". This research shows that characterization in a story can help create a horror atmosphere and increase the suspense of a story which can provide more insight into how characterization can influence the reader and enhance the reading experience. This research is expected to provide additional information for future researchers who wish to examine the short story "The Tell-Tale Heart.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Characterization
  topic: keywords
subject: Character I
  topic: keywords
subject: The Tell Tale Heart
  topic: keywords
creator: Martina Girsang
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Martina Girsang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2024-09-27
publication date: 2024-09-27
starting page: 122
ending page: 131
doi: 10.24114/tj.v13i3.66802

Clauses (Types of Clauses: Main & Subordinate Clasuses)
type: item
description: This comprehensive study investigates the crucial role of clauses in English sentence structure, primarily focusing on the distinction between independent clauses and dependent clauses. This research explores how these two types of clauses function as essential components in forming sentence structures, facilitating the expression of complex ideas and effective communication. The investigation reveals that independent clauses possess the ability to position alone as thorough sentences, while dependent clauses depend on independent clauses on the context and meaning. The study identifies various types of dependent clauses and examines how they contribute to more complex sentence structures. Furthermore, this research highlights the importance of subordinating conjunctions in introducing dependent clauses and establishing logical relationships within sentence structures. By elucidating the functions of independent and dependent clauses, this study provides valuable insights into the formation of effective sentence structures. The research demonstrates how the strategic use of independent and dependent clauses, along with the appropriate utilization of subordinating conjunctions, can enhance the quality and complexity of sentence structures. This analysis offers a deeper understanding of sentence structure mechanisms, contributing to broader linguistic theories and applications. The study emphasizes the critical role of clause analysis in developing strong writing skills and effective communication. The results indicate that a solid understanding of independent clauses, dependent clauses, and the use of subordinating conjunctions is crucial in creating varied and expressive sentence structures. This study contributes significantly to the considerate of sentence structures in English, underscoring the importance of independent clauses, dependent clauses, and subordinating conjunctions in language learning, teaching, and research. The study concludes that mastery of vari…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Clause
  topic: keywords
subject: Independent Clause
  topic: keywords
subject: Dependent Clause
  topic: keywords
subject: Subordinate Conjunction
  topic: keywords
creator: Marino Sihombing
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Marino Sihombing https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2024-06-28
publication date: 2024-06-28
starting page: 109
ending page: 121
doi: 10.24114/tj.v13i2.66787

An Analysis of Students' Motivation on Using Online Platform in English Learning
type: item
description: This research focuses on finding out students' motivation in learning English using online platforms, what type of motivation they have, intrinsic or extrinsic motivation, and what kind of learning motivation they experience. There are 3 online platforms used in the English learning process, namely Kahoot, Quizizz, and Google Form in class VIII SMPIT Al-Fityah Pekanbaru. In this study, researchers used descriptive qualitative to investigate students' motivation in learning English using online platforms. The instruments used were observation and interviews. Observation data was collected from 2 classes with 25 people each. Observation results show that students have higher intrinsic motivation than extrinsic motivation. In other words, learning motivation that comes from within the student is higher than motivation that comes from outside the student. Besides that, the interview results show students' motivation in learning English using online platforms in every aspect of ARCS (Attention, Relevance, Confidence, and Satisfaction).
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: EFL Students' Motivation
  topic: keywords
subject: English Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Online Platform
  topic: keywords
creator: Mifta Huljanah
creator: Harum Natasha
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Mifta Huljanah, Harum Natasha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2024-06-28
publication date: 2024-06-28
starting page: 97
ending page: 108
doi: 10.24114/tj.v13i2.66777

An Analysis of Readibility of English Textbook Used by The Second Grade Students of SMK Negeri 1 Kelayang
type: item
description: Based on the interview with an English teacher at SMK Negeri 1 Kelayang, the textbook used by the teacher to teach English is “Forward an English by Erlangga 2017”. In relation to the students’ understanding of texts, Parekeme and Abgor (2012) state that one of the factors determining students’ understanding of a text is text readability. Thus, this becomes the reason that the researcher decides to conduct this study on analyzing the readability level of selected reading texts in the English Zone textbook for the tenth grade of senior high school students by Penerbit Erlangga to see their readability level. The purpose of this research is to know the readibility level of English Textbook used at the second grade of SMK Negeri 1 Kelayang. There were 25 students as samples of this research. This research used content analysis method with quantitative approach. In collecting the data, the researcher distributed a test called Cloze test. The result was the mean score of the Cloze test was 18. Based on the judgement of the students’ readibility level, the score below 40 is classified as frustration level. In conclusion, that the English textbook at second grade students of SMK Negeri 1 Kelayang is not appropriate for the students.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Reading
  topic: keywords
subject: Textbook
  topic: keywords
subject: Readibility
  topic: keywords
creator: Susmitra Muhammad Efendi
creator: Nurdiana
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Susmitra Muhammad Efendi, Nurdiana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2024-06-28
publication date: 2024-06-28
starting page: 88
ending page: 96
doi: 10.24114/tj.v13i2.66768

Application of A Genre-Based Approach With Audio Visual Aid to Improve The Writing Ability of Class 11 Students of Serdang Bedagai Madrasah Aliyah
type: item
description: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of applying GBA with Audio Visual Media in Teaching Listening to improve writing skills in grade 11 students at MANSB. The research subjects were all students of class XI MANSB. The procedure for this research includes: Preparing the GBA learning model; Determination of the treatment class/group, namely the control group and the experimental group, conducting pretests, conducting teaching and learning activities (KBM) in the experimental class and control class with the GBA learning model, Conducting Post-tests, and Analyzing data. The learning outcomes in the experimental class (Pre-Test were 36 students, 60.00. and in the control class (Pre-Test) of 35 students, most students (13 students or 37%) got scores in the range 50.01-60.00. The learning outcomes in the experimental class (Post-Test) were 36 students, the majority (8 students or 22%) got the core in the 82.51 - 88.33 and in the control class (post-test) of 35 students, most of the students (12 students or 34%) got scores in the 62.5 - 70.00.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Writing Skill
  topic: keywords
subject: Audio Visual
  topic: keywords
creator: Yulia Arfanti Herlina
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Yulia Arfanti Herlina https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2024-06-28
publication date: 2024-06-28
starting page: 72
ending page: 87
doi: 10.24114/tj.v13i2.66764

Racial Discrimination in Langston Hughes' Selected Poems
type: item
description: This study aims to interpret racial discrimination in Langston Hughes' poems i.e., I Too Sing America, Negro, and Let America Be America Again. Langston Hughes, as a writer, has faced direct discrimination from white people in his literary work. Many of Langston Hughes's works of poetry tell the story of African Americans who lived as black people and faced discrimination throughout history. Some of his poetry depicts the racial, cultural, and educational discrimination that black people face. The data taken from the poem comes from Langston Hughes' poems including I Too Sing America, Negro, and Let America Be America Again. This study applies the descriptive qualitative method as well as the extrinsic approach. Extrinsic approach, aligned with mimetic and pragmatic approaches. I Too Sing America depicts the oppression of black people through slavery, denial of rights, and inequality. Let America Be America Again depicts a focus on the idea of the American dream and how, for many people, achieving freedom, equality, and happiness, which the dream embodies, is nearly impossible. Negro depicts people of African American descent have the status of slaves. The conclusion is that the author accepts a great deal of discrimination as an African American and rejects differences in skin color status.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African American
  topic: keywords
subject: Racial Discrimination
  topic: keywords
subject: Langston Hughes
  topic: keywords
creator: Martina Girsang
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Martina Girsang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2024-06-28
publication date: 2024-06-28
starting page: 61
ending page: 71
doi: 10.24114/tj.v13i2.66754