TRANSFORM: Journal of English Language Teaching and Learning
TRANSFORM Journal was published by English Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, Universitas Negeri Medan with DOI prefix of 10.24114 by has been covered in indexing and abstracting services such as DOAJ, Copernicus, Dimensions, Garuda, Harvard, Library, Scilit, Google Scholar, Neliti and ResearchGate. TRANSFORM Journal (E-ISSN: 2985-9441 | P-ISSN: 2301-5225) is an open-access electronic journal that supports research in the field of Linguistics, Literature, and English Language Teaching. The aim of the journal is to publish academic research on applied linguistics relevant to actual issues and to be a publication platform for original research from academics, researchers, and practitioners. TRANSFORM Journal is issued four times annually, in March, June, September and December. The focus and scope of this journal include areas of analysis like Linguistics, Literature, and English Language Teaching.
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Mini Study on the Logical Function of Clauses as Relations in Student Essay Assignment Results
This study examines the logical function of clauses as relations in student essay assignments. The study was conducted on 20 essays written by English Education students at Medan State University, which were originally written to fulfill a case method assignment for the Productive Written Language Skills course. The focus of the analysis was on how clauses function relationally to construct meaning in students' writing. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with Halliday's Systemic Functional Linguistics framework, specifically the logical metafunction, as the main tool of analysis. Data were collected from selected student essays, then analyzed to categorize the logical functions realized through clause relations such as coordination, subordination, and embedding. The results showed that most students used paratactic relations more frequently, particularly coordination with conjunctions such as and & but, while hypotactic relations such as cause, condition, and concession were used less frequently. In addition, several incomplete or inconsistent relational constructions were also found, reflecting the development of students' ability to manage more complex clause relationships. These findings indicate that although students are able to construct meaning through basic relational clauses, further pedagogical attention is needed to strengthen their ability to use more varied and academic logical relationships.
Copyright (c) 2025 Suci Ramadhani Susanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effectiveness of The Deep Learning Model (Mindful–Joyful–Meaningful) on Students' Ability to Write Recount Texts at UPT SMPN 3 Galesong Selatan
This study examines the effectiveness of the Deep Learning Model integrating Mindful, Joyful, and Meaningful Learning in enhancing junior high school students’ ability to write recount texts. Motivated by the challenges students commonly face in organizing ideas, applying past-tense forms, and maintaining coherence, this research aims to determine whether a holistic and student-centered learning approach can improve their writing performance. Employing a pre-experimental one-group pre-test–post-test design, the study involved 33 ninth-grade students at UPT SMPN 3 Galesong Selatan. Data were collected through a recount writing test assessed using an analytic scoring rubric, and analyzed using descriptive statistics and a paired-samples t-test. The results show a significant improvement from pre-test to post-test, indicating that the integration of mindful awareness, enjoyable learning experiences, and meaningful contextual connections effectively supported students’ development in recount writing. These findings highlight the potential of the Deep Learning Model to strengthen narrative writing skills in EFL settings and suggest that holistic instructional approaches can create more engaging and supportive classroom environments.
Copyright (c) 2025 Tri Selviani, Nurul Ramadhani Putri Amril, Syafirah Prakasa, Muhammad Zacki Mubarak, Eny Satriana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Teachers’ Perceptions of Seating Arrangement in Grade XI of The Beauty and Hairdressing Department at SMKN 8 Medan
This study aimed to analyze the teachers’ perceptions of seating arrangement in Grade XI of the Beauty and Hairdressing Department at SMKN 8 Medan, as well as the challenges the teachers faced in using different seating arrangements in English learning. The research was conducted using a qualitative research method. The data were collected through interviews with two English teachers who taught in grade XI TKKR at SMKN 8 Medan. Then, to support the interview data, documentation in the form of photographs related to the condition of each class were collected. The result of this research showed that the teachers agreed that using different seating arrangements can enhance student engagement in the English learning process. However, the teachers mentioned that they faced some challenges, such as students' comfort, students' attention, inappropriate tables, time constraints, and students' different abilities. Therefore, it can be concluded that despite facing these challenges, the English teachers in Grade XI at SMKN 8 Medan have positive perception of different seating arrangements to enhance students' engagement in English learning.
Copyright (c) 2025 Risa Sulistia Ningrum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Multimodality in the Advertisement of Hermes
In the case of high-end brands such as Hermès, advertising goes beyond merely presenting a product; it constructs an immersive world that reflects the brand's heritage, values, and aspirations. Hermès is renowned not only for its craftsmanship and exclusivity but also for the subtle storytelling embedded in its campaigns. A multimodality analysis thus becomes critical for decoding the layers of meaning conveyed through such orchestration. The objective of this research is to identify and analyze the types of multimodality used in the advertisements of Hermes brand and explain the reasons behind the use of it. The research was conducted by using descriptive qualitative method. The data in this research consist of advertisings from Hermes brand. These advertisings were obtained from official sources such as websites, online advertisements, promotional videos, and digital or print campaigns. Each advertising was chosen based on its use of multimodality elements, including verbal text, typography, color, and imagery. The conclusions of this research were: (1) Hermès advertisements incorporate multiple multimodality elements—visual, linguistic, spatial, gestural, and symbolic modes—that function interdependently to construct an elegant, aspirational brand identity; (2) The use of specific multimodality strategies in Hermès advertisements is deeply influenced by four meaning-making strata: Discourse, Design, Production, and Distribution. These strategies are employed not only to communicate product features but also to narrate cultural values, emotional experiences, and brand philosophy.
Copyright (c) 2025 Betharia Sembiring Pandia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Heroism in Stephen King’s Fairy Tale: An Analysis Based on Christopher Vogler’s Theory
The purpose of this study is to examine heroism in Stephen King’s Fairy Tale (2022) by using Christopher Vogler’s theory of the Hero’s Journey and Archetypes. This study employs a qualitative method, with data collected from reading the novel, taking notes, and analyzing them based on Vogler’s theory (2007). The findings show that Charlie Reade, the main character, experienced all twelve stages of the Hero’s Journey. Starting from the Ordinary World, Call to the Adventure, Refusal of the Call, Meeting With the Mentor, Crossing the Threshold, Test Allies, and Enemies, Approach to the inmost Cave, Ordeal, Reward, The Road Back, Resurrection and Return with Elixir. The study also identifies six of the eight archetypes in the novel based on Vogler’s theory, which are Hero, Mentor, Threshold Guardian, Herald, Shapeshipther, Shadow, and Ally.
Copyright (c) 2025 Feriyanti Elina Gultom https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Teacher’s Elicitation Techniques in Teaching Expressing Agreement for 8th Grade Students at UPT SMP Negeri 17 Medan
This study investigates the types of elicitation techniques used by an English teacher and how these techniques were implemented in teaching expressions of agreement to Grade 8 students at UPT SMP Negeri 17 Medan. Utilizing a qualitative descriptive design, data were obtained through classroom observations and teacher interviews. The findings indicate that the teacher applied five types of elicitation techniques as proposed by Doff (2013): asking questions, using pictures, texts/dialogues, games/activities, and non-verbal language. Among these, direct questioning and text/dialogue-based elicitation frequently, were mostly employed. These techniques were implemented systematically across the pre-teaching, whilst-teaching, and post-teaching stages to promote student participation, enhance interaction, and support comprehension. The study underscores the significance of varied elicitation techniques in fostering student-centered learning and improving students’ communicative competence.
Copyright (c) 2025 D. Trisha Laxmi, Ariatna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Teacher's Translanguaging Practice in EFL Classroom Interaction in A Junior High School
This research intends to examine the teacher’s translanguaging practices in EFL classroom interaction at a junior high school setting. A qualitative research approach was adopted. The data gathered through observation and interviews. The participant in this study was a seventh-grade English teacher from SMP Negeri 5 Percut Sei Tuan. The findings revealed that the teacher utilized four types of translanguaging practices: (1) translanguaging within one named language (Indonesian), (2) translanguaging through translation, (3) translanguaging through peer support, and (4) translanguaging through two named languages (Indonesian and English). These practices were employed to deliver instructions, clarify learning materials, and ensure students’ understanding. The reasons for using translanguaging included students’ limited vocabulary mastery, the need to clarify teacher instructions and the creation of a comfortable learning environment. The study concludes that translanguaging is an effective pedagogical strategy for enhancing student comprehension and supporting the teaching-learning process of English as a foreign language.
Copyright (c) 2025 Cindy Luasen Pakpahan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Speaking Materials' Eligibility Standard in "Bahasa Inggris Kelas XI SMK" Textbook
This study evaluates the speaking materials within the “Bahasa Inggris Kelas XI SMK” textbook, acknowledging its critical role in fostering practical communication skills for the workforce as mandated by the Indonesian national curriculum. The primary aim is to assess the eligibility of these materials against five key criteria proposed by Tomlinson (2011): authenticity, relevance, engagement, support, and variety. Employing a descriptive qualitative methodology with a document analysis approach, the research systematically examines the textbook’s content using a checklist-based assessment. The findings reveal that the textbook substantially fulfills these eligibility standards. It demonstrates strong authenticity through dialogues and tasks that mirror real-world communication, high relevance by providing activities with clear communicative goals, and effective engagement and support via structured, interactive excercises that build learner confidence. However, a significant limitation was identified in the criterion of variety. The analysis indicates a notable scarcity of activities explicitly designed for auditory and kinesthetic learning styles, with materials predominantly catering to visual learners. This study concludes that while the textbook serves as a valuable resource, its future iterations would benefit significantly from the integration of more diverse activities to ensure greater inclusivity and effectiveness for all learning preferences.
Copyright (c) 2025 Filza Irawan Hasibuan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Intertextuality in 2024 Indonesian Presidential Debate Memes on X
The advent of social media has led to changes in the way people communicate. One such change is in the usage of memes, especially among the younger generation. With Gen Z and Millennials making up over 50% of the voters in the 2024 Indonesian presidential election, memes became one way they voiced their opinions on the televised debates held prior to the election. This research aimed to find out how intertextuality impacted the meaning of political memes about the 2024 Indonesian presidential candidate debates. This research employed the qualitative method. The critical discourse analysis by Fairclough was used to analyze the data. The memes were limited only to those that referenced works of literature that were uploaded on the social media platform X on the day of or the day after the first, third, and fifth presidential debates. The findings indicated that intertextuality in memes added a layer of complexity and nuance that allowed the creators to criticize the candidates implicitly through humor, thus circumventing censorship and IET laws. The memes functioned as a mode of political advocacy and public discussion, mainly in the form of criticism of the candidates’ actions during the debates. Criticism of the first and third debates likely contributed to the calmer proceedings of the final debate.
Odytyas Fanni Anggraheni Dewanti Valkenburg
Copyright (c) 2025 Odytyas Fanni Anggraheni Dewanti Valkenburg, Bima Prana Chitra, Emmy Erwina https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Representation of Toxic Masculinity In Extrajoss Advertisements: A Multimodal Analysis
This study examines how toxic masculinity is represented in Extra Joss advertisements on Instagram, particularly those featuring the tagline “Laki Buktikan.” It explores how visual and textual elements construct and reinforce harmful masculine ideals in Indonesian media. Using Terry A. Kupers’ (2005) framework, the analysis focuses on traits such as homophobia, greed, and violent domination. Kress and van Leeuwen’s (2006) visual grammar framework is also applied to assess meaning-making through representational, interactive, and compositional metafunctions. Employing a qualitative approach with Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis (MCDA), the study analyzes twelve selected Instagram advertisements. The findings reveal that Extra Joss ads frequently promote toxic masculine traits through aggressive postures, stoic expressions, and action-oriented slogans. These elements normalize emotional suppression, dominance, and relentless performance as desirable male characteristics. The study concludes that the advertisements contribute to the construction and normalization of toxic masculinity by combining verbal and visual strategies to promote a narrow and rigid masculine identity.
Copyright (c) 2025 Khoirunnisa Andrevi Prayogi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis of Students’ Awareness Toward The Importance of Mastering English Skill for Their Future Career
This research investigates the awareness level of students in Politeknik Harapan Bersama regarding the importance of mastering English skills, specifically in the context of future career development. Using a structured questionnaire administered to 42 students from various departments, the results reveal a generally low level of awareness and motivation toward English language acquisition for professional advancement. Reliability and validity analyses were conducted, including Cronbach's alpha, item-total correlation, and p-value t-tests. The findings underline the urgent need for targeted interventions and curriculum reforms to enhance English proficiency and awareness among vocational learners.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muchammad Sofyan Firmansyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Students’ Language Anxiety Levels and Factors in Using ELSA Speak for Grade Eight at SMP Santo Thomas 3 Medan
This study investigates the levels of students’ language anxiety and its contributing factors in using ELSA Speak, an AI-powered mobile application for English speaking practice. Conducted among 26 eighth-grade students at SMP Santo Thomas 3 Medan, the research applied a qualitative method utilizing the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) questionnaire and in-depth interviews. The findings revealed that most students experienced mild to relaxed levels of anxiety when using ELSA Speak. Only one student reported an anxious level, while none fell into the very anxious category. Three primary factors contributing to students’ language anxiety were identified: communication apprehension, test anxiety, and fear of negative evaluation. Notably, test anxiety appeared across all anxiety levels, indicating its strong influence in technology-assisted language learning. The study concludes that while ELSA Speak reduces extreme anxiety, the embedded scoring and feedback system remains a source of pressure for learners. Recommendations are made for educators to create supportive learning environments and for application developers to consider the psychological impacts of evaluative features in educational technologies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fransika Saragih, Safrida Lubis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Existential Presupposition Found in The Great Indian Teen Fiction Collective
The objectives of this study were to find out the existential presupposition found in the book entitled The Great Indian Teen Fiction Collective. This study used George Yule’s theory of presupposition in which there are six types of presupposition. The research method used qualitative research method. Data were obtained from the book entitled The Great Indian Teen Fiction Collective which is the source of data in this study. A total of 30 existential presuppositions were found, in each of the first to fifth titles. 1% in The Hero of Mayapur, 5% in Finally Free, 6% in Strangers We Meet, Friends We Depart, 10% in Big Brown Desk, and 7% in Zem.
Copyright (c) 2025 Aqila Gustaf https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Students’ Perceptions on The Implementation of Problem-Based Learning at SMKN 8 Medan
This study is aimed to analyze students’ perceptions on the implementation of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in writing procedural texts at Grade X Culinary Arts 5 at SMKN 8 Medan. Employing a qualitative approach, the data were obtained through questionnaire, classroom observation, and semi-structured interview. Thirty-five students from X Culinary Arts 5 served as the source of the data. The questionnaire consisted of eight closed-ended statements adapted from Zahra and Baa (2021), which measured students’ perceptions based on key indicators such as curiosity and independent learning, organization and writing process, collaboration and communication, and vocabulary and writing skills development. Classroom observations documented real-time engagement and interactions during PBL activities, while semi-structured interview captured students’ experiences and thoughts on PBL implementation. The findings revealed that students generally perceived PBL positively, noting its effectiveness in enhancing writing skills, particularly in structuring procedural texts and expanding vocabulary. This study highlights that PBL is more effective when students possess a practical orientation and a collaborative mindset, as seen in Culinary Arts students who connected procedural texts with real-world applications. Although some students faced challenges in adapting to problem-solving tasks, PBL fostered collaboration, encouraged independent learning, and increased motivation, making it a highly interactive and beneficial approach to learning procedural texts in a vocational education
Copyright (c) 2025 Afifah Zahra Atamy https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Students’ Perception on Micro-teaching Course at English Education Department of UIN SUSKA RIAU
The purpose of this research is to describe the students’ perception on micro-teaching and to determine students’ ability in micro-teaching course at sixth semester for students of English education department UIN Suska Riau. This research used quantitative design. The sample of this research were taken by random sampling. The population of this research is sixth semester students at the English education department of UIN Suska Riau. There were 26 students in total as the sample (20% from 126 students). In data collection, researcher used questionnaires and interview to collect data. The result of the research shows that the students’ perception on micro-teaching course is M=4.68 which is classified into very good category with students’ ability in teaching preparation is M=4.36 which is classified into very high level of category, students’ ability in preparation process (making RPP) is M=4.00 which is classified into high level of category, and students’ ability in explaining classified into enough level of category.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Rifki Hamim, Idham Syahputra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
A Semiotic Analysis of Roland Barthes on MS Glow Beauty Advertisement on YouTube
This study is about analyzing semiotic of Roland Barthes on MS Glow Beauty Advertisement on YouTube. The objectives of this study were to find out the denotative and connotative meaning also the myths’ representation used by MS Glow throughout the classification of signifier and signified. The method used in this study was descriptive qualitative method. The data was about 16 screenshots captured consists of visual and verbal signs which taken from the 3 sources data that is contained in MS Glow Beauty advertisement on YouTube. The findings showed a number of visual signs and verbal signs had balanced where visual signs for picture had 14 signs and visual signs for text in picture had 13 signs, while the verbal signs with tag line consists 11 signs and verbal signs with dialogue consists 16 signs. Both of visual signs and verbal signs conveyed denotative meaning that is realized by visual signs as picture or text in picture, verbal signs as tag line or dialogue. Meanwhile, connotative meaning realized as giving meaning for every single sign and the myths’ representation for advertisements where belief of beauty was belongings to women who have white skin only, not for dark skin and it was also occurred for men. The implication of this study is to give understanding of semiotic approach focused on advertisement.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rut Damai Yanti Siahaan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Transformation of Intrinsic Elements in The Adaptation of The Viscount Who Loved Me into TV
This study analyzes the transformation of intrinsic elements in The Viscount Who Loved Me novel into the TV series entitled Bridgerton Season 2 by Shondaland through the adaptation theory by Linda Hutcheon. Transformation in the adaptation process leads to the ideology contained in novel and TV series. Mythology by Roland Barthes is used to uncover the ideology behind the adaptation, and it will bring us to the motive of the adaptation. The data are in intrinsic elements such as character, characterization, and plot were taken from the texts in The Viscount Who Loved Me and the TV Series Bridgerton Season 2. The result of this study shows that there are differences in ideologies. In the novel, the ideologies are filled with patriarchy and social class, while in the TV series they focus on American values, feminism, and liberalism. These ideologies reflect the motives behind the adaptation, which are cultural capital and economic lure.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sari Nur Rizki Fitria https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Impact of TikTok Usage on English Language Acquisition Among Adolescent Students in HKBP Siantar Timur
This comprehensive study investigates the multifaceted impact of TikTok usage on English language acquisition among adolescent students in HKBP Siantar Timur. Employing a mixed-methods approach, this research delves deep into how TikTok influences various aspects of language learning, including vocabulary acquisition, listening comprehension, speaking skills, and cultural awareness. The study surveyed 21 teenagers aged 15-17, meticulously analyzing their TikTok usage patterns, language preferences, learning strategies, and perceived impacts on English proficiency. Additionally, in-depth interviews were conducted with a subset of participants to gain richer insights into their experiences and perceptions. Results indicate that while TikTok offers engaging and diverse content for language learning, students face significant challenges such as distraction, content reliability, and the need for critical digital literacy skills. The study reveals complex relationships between TikTok usage frequency, content types, and perceived language improvements. Notably, students who actively engaged with educational content and international users reported higher perceived gains in language skills. This research provides nuanced insights for educators, policymakers, and researchers on leveraging social media platforms for language education in the digital age. It highlights the need for structured guidance, curated content, and the development of digital literacy skills to maximize the potential of platforms like TikTok in formal and informal language learning contexts.
Copyright (c) 2025 Marino Sihombing, Bernieke Damanik https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Derivational Affixes in Toy Story 4 Movie Script
This research aims to find out some things about derivational affixes contained in Toy Story 4 movie script, such as the types of derivational affixes used in the movie as well as the form and meaning of the derivational affixes. This research uses Yule’s theory (2010). This theory is used to understand everything about affixes, especially on derivational affixes. This research uses a qualitative method. Qualitative method is used to describe and analyze the derivational words in Toy Story 4 movie script. In this research, the researcher focuses on collecting data about derivational affixes in the script of Toy Story 4 movie. The data is taken through derivational text contained in the script. The researcher analyzed a quarter of the total pages of the script. Before analyzing the words containing affixes, the researcher first describes words containing affixes. The result of this study found that there are two types of affixes in Toy Story 4 movie script, namely prefixes and suffixes. There are 2 types of prefixes with 5 word data containing derivational affixes. Prefixes consists of un- (4), in- (1). There are 19 types of suffixes with 124 word data containing derivational affixes. Suffixes consists of -ing (20), -s (41), -ion (4), -ed (18), -es (3), -ful (2), -er (6), -y (5), -en (6), -ly (4), -ic (2), -ite (1), -ship (1), -man (1), -able (1), -ent (1), -ant (1), -est (1), and -tion (1).
Copyright (c) 2025 Sarah Annisah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Experiential Metafunction in Selected Poems by John Cooper Clarke
This research discusses about Experiential Metafunction. The objectives of this research are to find out process of Experiential Metafunction and the participant function of Experiential Metafunction. This research uses SFL according to Halliday’s theory. The research on this thesis was carried by using qualitative method. The data were taken from clauses in selected poems by John Cooper Clarke. The research chose three poems that will be carried out Full-time loser, I Wanna Be Yours, and Kung Fu International. The result on this research show that were six types of process based on 54 clauses in selected poems by John Cooper Clarke, such as Material was occurred 22 clauses, Mental 7 clauses, Relational 19 clauses, Verbal 4 clauses, Behavioral occurred 1 clause and Existential 1 clause. The most frequent process contained in this research is material and relational.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mifta Huljannah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of Using Spelling Bee Games Toward Students’ Vocabulary Mastery
Vocabulary is very important for English language skills, and improving it is a challenge. Spelling bee games, an engineering-based learning tool, can help students become more proficient with vocabulary. This study aims to determine significant differences in vocabulary mastery among grade 8 students at SMPN 23 Pekanbaru. The research was conducted using the pre-experimental one group pre-test post-test method, with a sample size of 36 students, while for sample selection the researcher used a purposive sampling technique. In collecting data, researchers used multiple choice questions. The results showed that there was a significant difference in vocabulary mastery and the researcher used a paired sample T test using the SPSS version 23 with a significance value of 0.000, lower than the threshold of 0.05. In conclusion, spelling bee games can be an appropriate technique to improve vocabulary skills among students.
Copyright (c) 2025 Tiara Agustina, Kurnia Budiyanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of Using Flipped Classroom Strategy on Students’ Speaking Ability
This research aims to find out the effect of using the Flipped Classroom Strategy on the speaking ability of the eighth-grade students at MTs Al-Ma’arif. The research is quantitative research with an experimental research design. Technique in collecting data is quasi-experimental. The research population were eighth-grade students of MTs Al-Ma’arif, in the academic year of 2023/2024 with a total of 37 students. There were 37 students as a sample of this research. The purposive sampling technique was used in this research. The instrument used to collect data in this research was an oral test consisting of a pre-test and a post-test. The analysis of quantitative data showed that the application of the Flipped Classroom Strategy was an effective strategy in the speaking classroom. The technique of analyzing data was an independent sample T-test through SPSS 25 and Cohen’s d formula. The results of the independent sample t-test indicated that the sig (2-tailed) value was 0.00 < 0.05 which means there was a significant difference on students’ speaking ability, and the effect size was 1.81 with a percentage of 96%. In conclusion, there is a significant effect on the speaking ability of the eighth-grade students taught by using and without using the Flipped Classroom Strategy at MTs Al-Ma’arif.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nanda Inayah Agustiara, Rizki Amelia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of Skimming Reading Technique on Students’ Reading Comprehension in Analytical Exposition Text
Reading is one of the most important language skills to be learned and mastered by learners of English as a second language. Skimming reading technique is the technique used by the researcher to improve students' reading comprehension in analytical exposition text. This study aims to examine the significant effect of skimming reading technique on students' reading comprehension in analytical exposition text. This research was conducted using the pre-experimental one group pre-test post-test method, with a sample size of 30 students, the sample selection used purposive sampling technique. In collecting data, researchers used multiple choice questions as instruments. In analyzing the data, the researcher used the Paired Sample T Test using the SPSS version 23 program. The results showed that there was a significant influence between students' reading comprehension on analytical exposition text before and after using skimming reading techniques, where the sig (2-tailed) value of 0.000 was smaller than 0.05, then Ha was accepted and Ho was rejected.
Copyright (c) 2025 Reza Aliza Sonia, Roswati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Student’s Interest in Writing Transactional Text by Using Origami Paper at MTs PP Darul Qur’an
Using origami paper become one of the effective ways to teach writing. In fact, each student has different interests in writing and the use of origami paper in increasing student interest is still considered unclear. This study is designed to describe student’s level of interest and the dominant indicator of students’ interest in writing transactional text by using origami paper. The design of this research was descriptive quantitative research and the researcher uses a survey model. The population of this study was second year students at MTs PP Darul Qur’an and the sample of this research was taken by using total sampling was 60 students. The techniques of collecting data were close-ended questionnaire. Based on the analysis of student’s interest in writing transactional text by using origami paper, shows that the total score was 5059 with the percentage 84%. It means that the category of student’s interest in writing transactional text by using origami paper is very high level. The researcher also found that the enjoyment indicator was the most dominant indicator of students' interest.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sofia Listika, Muhammad Taufik Ihsan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Discourse Markers in Closed-Door Interview of 71st Miss Universe
Discourse Markers (DMs) are indispensable elements in spoken communication, aiding in establishing coherence and organizing discourse in both textual and verbal interactions, as delineated by Brinton (2017). The objective of this research is to delineate the functions, and occurrences of Discourse markers employed by the finalists of the 71st Miss Universe 2022. This study employs a qualitative descriptive design to analyze the frequency and context of discourse markers based on the recorded video interviews of the contestants, employing Brinton's (1996) theory as the analytical framework. Additionally, the analysis of the data reveals the types and functions used, and their effects on conversation. the researcher found sixty-tree data which contain 128 DMs that consist of nineteen types. All these findings are not having the same function.
Copyright (c) 2025 Tupa Parulian Siburian, Immanuel Prasetya Ginting https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Conflict and Personality of The Main Character in Kim Yong-Hoon’s Mask Girl: A Psychological Analysis
This study explores the conflict and personality of the main character, Kim Mo-mi, in the Korean drama Mask Girl directed by Kim Yong-Hoon. By employing qualitative methodology, the research investigates the internal and external conflicts faced by the main character through 30 pieces of dialogue from the script. Using theories by Kenney (1966) and McCrae & Costa (2005), the study categorizes these conflicts and analyzes Kim Mo-mi's personality traits. The findings reveal significant internal conflicts arising from her self-perception and external conflicts involving her relationships with others. The study concludes that these conflicts significantly influence Kim Mo-mi's personality, highlighting the importance of psychological analysis in literary works.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sofia Ananda Ginting https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Strategies to Optimise Long-term Memory in Learning Vocabulary
Optimizing long-term memory in vocabulary is a significant challenge for many university students. The author explores various strategies which include: (1) spaced repetition, (2) use of mnemonic devices, (3) contextual learning, (4) active use, (5) visual aids and mind mapping, (6) self-testing with mobile apps, and (7) associative learning. Each strategy is discussed in depth in current research. The findings show that a combination of several strategies, such as spaced repetition with memory practice, the use of verbal mnemonics, contextualized learning, and visual aids, can significantly improve vocabulary retention and language comprehension.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sabrina Salsabila, Didik Santoso https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Efforts to Improve Public Speaking Skills for New Students
This article discusses the importance of public speaking skills in various aspects of life, ranging from academic to professional settings. Public speaking not only enhances communication abilities but also builds confidence and leadership skills. Through the analysis of various techniques and strategies, the article provides insights into how to develop public speaking skills, including mastery of content, body language, and audience management. By understanding and applying public speaking skills, individuals can improve their communication effectiveness, influence others, and open new career opportunities. Research shows that students actively engaged in public speaking tend to achieve higher academic performance and are better prepared to enter the workforce. Therefore, the development of public speaking skills should be a focus in higher education curricula to produce graduates who are competent in facing global challenges.
Copyright (c) 2025 Putri Naira https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Flouting of Grice’s Maxim in Chris Rock ‘Selective Outrage’ Stand-Up Comedy Show on Netflix
This research aims to analyze the types and how flouting maxims are used in creating humor in Chris Rock's 'Selective Outrage' Stand-up Comedy Show on Netflix. It focuses on Chris Rock's stand-up comedy entitled Selective Outrage, which addresses social phenomena. It was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Performance in Stand-Up Comedy on Television. The data was utterances displayed for 1 hour and 10 minutes in a script spoken or English subtitle in his comedy performance. The data was collected through a documentary method, using videos of Chris Rock's performance on Netflix. The study uses a descriptive-qualitative design to analyze the linguistic components of the material pragmatics in Chris Rock's comedy performances. The findings demonstrate that the comedian applies every type of maxim, including quality, quantity, relation, and manner to create humor, with maxims flout of quality being the most frequently used. The study also reveals that Chris Rock uses various strategies to flout his maxims, and irrelevant strategies are used more regularly than metaphor and understatement.
Copyright (c) 2025 Aura Febri Harvi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Characterization of "I" in The Tell Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe
The Tell Tale Heart is one of the world's most famous short story which has been the subject of literary analysis for many years. The characterization in this story is very prominent and becomes the focus of this research. This study aims to analyze the characterization of "I". The research method used is a descriptive qualitative. The data collected is from the short story The Tell Tale Heart. The results show several characterizations of "I" as the main character. The character "I" is described as unstable and obsessed with "eagle eyes". This research shows that characterization in a story can help create a horror atmosphere and increase the suspense of a story which can provide more insight into how characterization can influence the reader and enhance the reading experience. This research is expected to provide additional information for future researchers who wish to examine the short story "The Tell-Tale Heart.
Copyright (c) 2025 Martina Girsang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0