EXPLORING THE ETHICAL CRISIS OF THE TEACHING PROFESSION: REFLECTIONS ON CASES OF TEACHER VIOLENCE AGAINST STUDENTS

This study aims to analyze the teacher ethical crisis based on cases of violence against students in 2023. Using qualitative methods and a library research approach, data was obtained from various sources such as books, journals, online newspapers and previous research. The results show that 1) the teacher ethical crisis is seen in the aspect of implementing morals, with violations such as lack of patience and compassion, 2) factors of violence in schools include teachers' lack of understanding of the consequences of violent acts, authoritarian teaching patterns, and the use of violence as a method of discipline 3) Violence prevention requires holistic solutions such as aqidah development, value instillation, anti-violence socialization, psychological support


INTRODUCTION
The role of teachers as determinants of educational success through their performance at the institutional and instructional levels is very important, this is in line with the mandate of Law No. 14 of 2015 concerning teachers and lecturers.This law provides a strong foundation to elevate the position of teachers as professionals who play a central role in the educational process.(Umar Sidiq, 2018) Apart from being a conveyor of knowledge, teachers also act as learning agents who are committed to shaping student character, developing skills, and creating an inclusive learning environment.The teacher, in his strategic role, carries great hope in building a young generation of competence and integrity, as well as contributing to the advancement of education and society as a whole.
Being a professional teacher, you should master the ethics of the teaching profession.Teaching professional ethics is the application of generally accepted ethical principles that govern actions in the teaching profession.There are at least four reasons why ethics are becoming increasingly important today.First, we live in an increasingly pluralistic society, including in the realm of morality.Second, we are witnessing an unprecedented transformation of society.Third, current social, cultural, and moral values changes are often exploited by various parties to create conflict and uncertainty.Fourth, ethics also has significant relevance for religious groups seeking to base their beliefs in changing situations.Through the application of teacher professional ethics, it can be used as a benchmark in evaluating the quality of educational activities.(Imron Fauzi, 2018) Cases of violence in education are still quite high.There are many cases on social media about students experiencing trauma, and mental health problems caused by violence that occurs in education.Unfortunately, this violence was carried out by unscrupulous teachers against their students.According to Agus Gandara in an article by Yenny AS and Rini Setiawati (2019) stated that acts of violence committed by teachers are often difficult to reveal because they are often veiled by the general view that the violence is carried out to discipline children and maintain their obedience to teachers.So there is an understanding that violence committed by teachers is normal as long as it is not excessive.However, keep in mind that abusive and violent acts against children cannot be legalized under any circumstances.
This year there have been many cases of teacher violence against their students.According to a report from Republika.co.id, until August 2023, the Indonesian Child Protection Commission (KPAI) recorded 2,355 violations of child protection that have been reported.Among these, the details are 87 cases where children are victims of bullying or bullying, 27 cases related to children who are victims of negligence in fulfilling educational facilities, 24 cases involving children as victims of education policies, 236 cases involving children as victims of physical and/or psychological violence, and 487 cases where children are victims of sexual violence.In addition, there are still a number of other cases that have not been documented by KPAI.
As many as 87 cases of children who became victims of negligence in fulfilling educational facilities.This can be violence in the educational process which in general violence in the educational context can be carried out by various parties, including fellow students, both senior and more junior, teachers against students, and even school leaders against education staff.Although there are certain reasons that may be behind this act of violence, but in fact the act of violence cannot be justified.In addition, violence can also occur in the form of student demonstrations, which include physical and verbal actions.Examples include the use of abusive words, cursing, and physical altercations between groups of students.(Noval Perdana Astiyan Putra and Martinus Legowo, 2023) The case of teacher violence against students is a clear example of a teacher's lack of professionalism in carrying out his duties.Education requires teachers who meet a number of competency requirements, including accuracy in carrying out teaching professional ethics.The existence of cases of violence in the context of education indicates a violation of ethics by a teacher.Therefore, research on the causes and underlying factors of teacher violence against students is important to identify this problem in more depth.

RESEARCH METHODS
This research uses a qualitative approach with library research methods by analyzing in-depth literature and written sources to find data and understand research problems.In this context, researchers collect, review, and analyze data from various sources such as books, journals, articles, online newspapers, E-books, and other documents relevant to the research topic.The data collection uses a source search method and is constructed from different sources, such as books, journals, online newspapers, and research that has been done before.Literature material obtained from various references is critically analyzed and needs to be further examined to support suggestions and ideas.Researchers choose this method because it allows researchers to explore and interpret existing concepts, theories, cases, and views, as well as identify knowledge gaps that may be the basis for further research.By relying on library research, this qualitative research provides in-depth insight into the complexity and context of a problem, helps detail theoretical foundations, and enriches researchers' understanding of the phenomenon under study.

Understanding Teacher Professional Ethics
The  The above code of ethics can be realized through the morals of a teacher who aims to build a good relationship with God, students, and related parties (stakeholders), namely: Honesty, sincerity, gratitude, patience, pleasure.Wara', amanah, compassion, tawadhu' (humble), forgiving, shajaah (courage to express the truth and oppose evil), Iffah (refraining from immorality), just and wise.

Cases of teacher abuse against students in March
On March 1, 2023, there was an act of violence against junior high school students with the initials NA in Bekasi City allegedly carried out by a junior high school teacher with the initials IR.The chronology of the incident, NA arrived late at school around 07.15-7.30WIB, then NA was called by the BP teacher to enter class.When NA walked into the classroom and sat down in his seat, the IR teacher came over, immediately took NA's hand, took him out of the classroom, and came to the door of the classroom, NA was slapped on his left cheek when he was about to slap his right cheek again, NA reflexively avoided it.After that, the victim's parents finally reported the incident to the Bekasi Metro Police.4. Cases of teacher abuse against students in April On April 26, 2023, during a hearing held at the Lubuklinggau District High Court (PN), the prosecutor (JPU) with the initials US read out the indictment.The elementary school teacher with the initials S (34) was prosecuted for violence against the victim with the initials KV (9).KV and his friends in class were told to memorize PJOK lessons.However, because the victim did not memorize, the victim was punished by defendant S who was a PJOK teacher.Some of the victim's friends were also punished.The defendant kicked the student witness twice in the waist and kicked the victim in the lower back.As a result, the victim suffered bruises on the right side of the body which was suspected to be caused by a blunt object.Because of sufficient evidence, the teacher with the initials S (34) was sentenced to one year in prison and fined 60 million rupiah.

Cases of teacher abuse against students in May
On May 19, 2023, Kaduan Village, Bitong Madidir District, North Sulawesi.A kindergarten teacher with the initials SK allegedly molested a 5year-old male student with the initials S. The victim was allegedly hit with a ruler by the perpetrator because he could not read causing bruises on the hamstrings.The victim's mother said the incident began when her son did not want to go to school.Her son grimaced in pain when the back of his thigh was touched and traumatized by not wanting to go to school.According to the boy, he claimed to be beaten by his teacher.The Bitung Police PPA team together with the Bitung City Women's Empowerment and Child Protection Office immediately visited the kindergarten.In this case, the results of the victim's visum and ruler are used as evidence.6. Cases of teacher abuse against students in June On June 26, 2023, Tug Songo Hamlet, Nglorog Village, Pringsurat District, Temanggung, Central Java Province.There was an incident of a school being set on fire by a teenager.Upon investigation, it was determined that the perpetrator committed the arson out of disappointment at his teacher's treatment, when homework was torn for no apparent reason, and frustrated at being often verbally and physically bullied by some students.Perpetrators are known to violate Article 81 paragraph 2 of Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning Juvenile Criminal Justice, where child offenders can be sentenced to a maximum of half of the maximum adult sentence.

Cases of teacher abuse against students in July
On July 21, 2023, Sukaluyu District, Cianyu Regency, West Java Province.Dozens of junior high school students became victims of violence because they were late.The violence was carried out by two students who were members of the SMK student council and witnessed by a teacher.In addition to being asked to do push-ups, the victim was dried in the sun and kicked.The perpetrators could not escape because everything was recorded in a 30-second video which then circulated on social media.Cianjur Police Head of Reskrim AKP Tono Listianto said, based on parents' reports, his party had arrested the suspected perpetrators.At the same time, Zhanyu Police confirmed that the case of violence against several junior high school students in Sukaluyu, Zhanyu County has been resolved peacefully.8. Cases of teacher abuse against students in August On August 22, 2023, there was a case in Pekanbaru where a teacher with the initials R beat a grade VIII student during sports hours.In the video, the teacher in white can be seen scolding his students for constantly kicking the ball, because Teacher R is still young, so carried away by his own emotions.The teacher then threw the ball at the head of one of the students.The student is seen trying to avoid throwing the ball from the teacher's hands.The teacher grew emotional because the ball did not hit his students.He looked like he was hitting the student on the head, but the student managed to dodge.The matter was settled amicably between the school and the parents.9. Cases of teacher abuse against students in September At the end of September 2023, a sexual harassment case happened to a grade VI student at a public elementary school in Karenan Regency, Serang Regency.According to the victim's parents, the sexual abuse was allegedly carried out by the principal of the US school in his study around the end.The perpetrator gives a multiplication math problem from 1 to 100, and the US lets the victim into his room.Instead of testing the victim, the US resorted to harassment by hugging the victim from behind and holding her breasts.The victim's parents said their children's behaviour was unusual.Within a few days, the victim looked gloomy and lost his happiness.Until this news was revealed, the principal (AS) could not be confirmed, but judging from the information in the media, the victim's parents will report the case to the police in the near future.10.Cases of teacher violence against students in October On October 5, 2023, a case occurred in Taklar Regency, South Sulawesi, where a teacher with the initials MJ bullied the work of the parents of one of his students at a high school in Takla Regency.At that time, MJ teachers were providing Education and Citizenship (PPKN) learning materials to Grade 12.At that time, MJ asked one of his students to come forward and explain the subject matter.The teacher asks the student about his parents' work.That's when the teacher hurled piercing words at his students involving his parents' work as farmers.MJ's words caused a commotion in the class.Other students protested what the teacher had said to their colleagues.It is known, the incident was recorded by cellphone cameras and went viral on social media.The teacher also assured the other students.But the teacher's explanation was ignored.The teacher regretted his actions and the case ended peacefully between the parents and the teacher.
Prima Dea Pangestu from the Ministry of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection explained that 34.74% of violence was committed by teachers and 27.39% by friends or boyfriends.It should be noted that sexual violence is the most common type of violence in schools, reaching 36.39%, while the above cases represent only a small percentage of cases and occur in 2023.Every month there are many cases of teachers committing violence against their students.All types of violence have been created, ranging from emotional violence in the form of humiliation and humiliation, physical violence in the form of punches and kicks, and noncontact sexual violence in the form of seeing violence and violence of sexual contact. in the form of touch and sex.This is of course the teacher violates the code of ethics and does not implement morals according to the code of ethics, including: 1. Patience and compassion In the case of teacher violence against students above there is a type of physical violence, the teacher beats students for reasons of violating the rules or not understanding the material.This is because the teacher does not apply the nature of compassion and does not have patience in dealing with his troubled students.

Wara'
There are cases of teacher violence against students, teachers do not implement a careful attitude so as not to fall into accidents or illegal acts.

Shaja'ah
In the example of teacher violence against students above, there is a type of non-contact sexual violence in the form of seeing violence.A teacher should have an attitude of shaja'ah or defending the truth, not be indifferent when he sees students being persecuted or punished excessively.4. Iffah (limiting oneself from committing immorality) In the example of teacher violence against students above, there is a type of contact sexual violence in the form of sexual harassment to students.A teacher should have an attitude of iffah or limit himself so as not to commit immorality.
In research presented in a report titled Corporal Punishment in Schools: A Study, it was reported that most teachers beat their students if they didn't do their homework, make noise in class, and break school rules.Other causes include being late for school, talking rudely, fighting with friends, or not paying attention to class.The results of the study correspond to the mentioned cases.
Corporal punishment is often used to prevent violations, prevent recurrence, and as shock therapy for other students to prevent them from doing the same.Corporal punishment is also considered appropriate to make students submit.Therefore, corporal punishment is expected to change student behavior to better match adult expectations, in this case teachers.However, is it true that corporal punishment can prevent students from repeating bad behavior and stop breaking rules?Child and adolescent psychologist Irma Gustiana A. suggests punishing children by giving punishments that correspond to their guilt.For example, when a child breaks the classroom window while playing soccer, running around the field ten times is ineffective.For example, the punishment for a child is to tell him to change the window.
Citing Science Direct in Petty Mahdi's article ( 2022), a study found that giving corporal punishment causes feelings of fear, frustration, aggression, low self-esteem, low self-confidence, and lack of motivation to learn due to continuous physical punishment.Therefore, punishment, especially corporal punishment, is not an option.An alternative that teachers can do is to improve student discipline, in addition to efforts to lead dialogue between students and teachers.However, it is precisely on the basis of this discipline that teachers often apply corporal punishment.But the application and impact of discipline and punishment are two different things.Discipline is the practice of training a person to behave according to rules or moral codes so as to demonstrate desired behavior in the future.Punishment causes suffering to a person because of his past behavior.Discipline teaches children new behaviors, while punishment teaches children new behaviors by using fear.Discipline also plays a role in developing personality, maintaining children's mental health and maintaining good relationships between teachers and students.Punishment also affects the brain.According to neuroscientists, the human brain consists of three brain regions, namely the reptilian brain (associated with bodily functions), the mammalian brain (associated with emotions, including fear) and the human brain (associated with thinking patterns).Because fear of corporal punishment affects the part of the brain associated with emotions (the mammalian brain), the choice of discipline method has an influence on the development of students' thinking (brain).to the teacher but also the wisest choice.

Factors for Teacher Violence Against Students
According to Faisal and Nursariani Simatupang (2021), there are various factors that can cause violence in schools.Some of these include: 1. Teachers often lack understanding of the consequences of violent acts.
Children who are frequent victims of violence are likely to be at risk of becoming subsequent abusers, and they can also experience significant psychological trauma, which impacts their school experience.2. Teaching patterns that tend to be authoritarian, where teachers prioritize student obedience to their authority, can cause imbalances in the relationship between teachers and students.Teachers often have strong authority in educational settings, and in this pattern, pupils often do not have the opportunity to participate and talk about their opinions.3. Teachers tend to make limited judgments of students, often looking only at their actions on the surface without seeking a deeper understanding of the underlying background behavior, attitudes, or actions.As educators, it is important to understand the individual backgrounds of students in order to provide guidance and motivation that suits their needs.4. The inability of teachers to control emotions often results in students becoming victims of violence.This can be due to psychological problems that teachers may have, both in their work and personal lives as members of society.Sometimes, teachers may find it difficult to separate their professional role as educators from their personal situations outside of school.In other words, problems can occur due to an inability to separate work issues from personal life. 5. Students are considered not to achieve the expected achievements.
Although teachers want their students to become the next generation of a successful nation, the lack of motivation provided by teachers is a problem.6. Teachers often use violence as a method of discipline against students who violate the rules.This action, both in physical and psychological form, is considered by teachers as an effective way to maintain student discipline.However, this view is wrong because violence is not an effective approach to forming discipline, changing behavior, or motivating students.7. Teachers often struggle to create personal motivation that allows them to become better and useful individuals, especially for their students.As educators, teachers should have a better ability to motivate themselves in order to play a role as a driver for the development and growth of their students in school.The growth and progress of students depends largely on the teacher's ability to motivate them.If teachers themselves fail to create motivation, then it will be difficult for them to inspire students to become better individuals.8.In addition, there is an assumption that teachers rarely make mistakes, and this causes indiscipline among teachers often not to get the attention they deserve.Teachers who lack discipline in their actions and behavior set a bad example to students.However, when students make mistakes, the teacher's reaction is often harsh and can even involve acts of violence.9. Lack of understanding in children's education is also a problem.
Teachers who do not have enough understanding in terms of child psychology may find it difficult to teach according to expectations.As educators, teachers must better understand the significance of education to child development.
Teachers need to understand how to interact with students and treat them well so that students can understand and respond better to the lessons being taught.Students have different views and desires than adults, so teachers must understand what students want in a positive way.10.The inability of parents to provide adequate motivation to their children to comply with school discipline rules often stems from unsupportive family parenting.Sometimes, parents are negligent in providing guidance to their children to behave according to the prevailing norms in school.There are also situations where parents fully hand over the responsibility of their children's education and behavior to the school, without realizing that they have a very important role in shaping their children's character.11.In addition, violence is often a pattern that is imitated by individuals who have been victims.There is a term "crime by imitation" that describes how someone who is often a victim of violence can consider it as an accepted method of maintaining discipline.Teachers who use violence may have experienced similar things when they were students.

Solutions to Prevent Teachers from Committing Acts of Violence
According to UNESCO disputes may be inevitable, but violence can.Therefore, there is a need for a solution to avoid such violence.Here are some solutions that can be done to prevent teachers from committing acts of violence: 1.Real Aqidah development in the community of educational institutions The formation of aqidah towards teachers and students is meant to help them believe in the dangers of the crimes they commit.Logically, a person will avoid an action if it harms him, even if the action seems pleasant or beneficial.They feel the feeling of always being watched by Allah SWT.Every human deed is clearly recorded and will be perfectly reciprocated.God's hell is a terrible place reserved for people who cannot control their passions.As long as a teacher is patient for a moment, it will be safe.This training must be done whether there is a case or not.Because people who remember have forgetfulness.

Value or Character Grower
The role of teachers is idealized by society as a shaper of values/character.Before instilling character in students, teachers must be individuals with character.Character is shown through good choices, positive actions or behaviors, and one's moral awareness (Adi Santoso, 2020).Teachers who are rude to students show that character education has not been instilled by teachers.The process of internalizing personality values is still limited in understanding and has not been appreciated and fostered by teachers.Therefore, strengthening the teacher's personality needs to be done immediately through the development of his personal skills.The character competence in question is a noble attitude that supports the task of teaching and education.Such as affection, patience, care, respect for others, and others.So far, teacher skill development still prioritizes pedagogic and professional skills.Now it must be balanced with the development of personality skills.In addition to teaching skills and abilities, teachers must also have a good personality.Teachers are required to use their personal skills as a teaching spirit.

CONCLUSION
Teacher professional ethics are guidelines that govern teacher behavior in education.According to the 1945 Constitution, teachers must abide by the code of ethics, including guiding students to love Pancasila, the principle of honesty, good relations with parents, and others.Unfortunately, some teachers violated the code of ethics, including cases of violence against students.Corporal punishment has been used by some teachers, but it has negative effects because it is through violence.Teachers need to choose wiser methods of discipline and understand the impact of their behavior on students.Abusive acts and violence against children cannot be legalized under any circumstances.Factors causing teacher violence include lack of understanding, authoritarian teaching patterns, and low motivation.Solutions involve education and support for teachers, value instillation, and parent involvement.
and the surrounding community, with the aim of supporting participation and shared responsibility in education.f.Teachers and colleagues individually and together strive to improve the quality and dignity of their profession.g.Teachers nurture a spirit of solidarity and social cooperation within their professional environment.h.Teachers together maintain and improve the quality of the PGRI organization as a tool of struggle and devotion.i. Teachers carry out all government decisions in the education sector.
Manyar Regency, East Java.The Gresik Resort Police (Polres) has named the principal with the initials AN (51) as a suspect in beating 15 female students at Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs).Four of the 15 victims fainted during the incident.This was triggered because the female student or victim bought snacks outside the school cafeteria, it was prohibited according to MTs regulations.The results of the police investigation showed the suspect committed violent behavior by beating the victim.The perpetrator AN confessed to his actions and was eventually named a suspect.Charged with Article 351 of the Criminal Code (related to maltreatment), as well as Law Number 17 of 2016 which amends Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection with a penalty of around 3.5 years in prison.2. Cases of teacher abuse against students in February On February 28, 2023, at Kunjang River, Samarinda.A female teacher molested three 11-year-old female students.His body was trampled on and beaten with sticks.His head was hit against the wall until it was black and blue.His face was also splashed with hot water.The punishment is also to clean the bathroom.The motive is because the three female students are naughty.They break rules, steal, and do other negative things.The abuse came to light in early March 2023, when parents sensed something strange was happening to their child.Police collected a number of pieces of evidence.There are two hangers, an aluminum kettle, and a rattan with a length of 80cm.The next item was a white spray bottle that was allegedly used to spray hot water on the schoolgirl's face.The teacher was charged with Law Number 23 of 2022 concerning Child Protection.He faces a maximum sentence of three years and six months in prison and/or a fine of Rp72 million.
3. As a teacher, you should take part in various non-violence socializations to increase knowledge about violent acts.Through this activity, values can be created for teachers who are aware of the impact of violence if it occurs among students.4. Psychological support for teachers Psychological support for teachers, especially in the face of stress and pressure that may arise in work.Improving teachers' mental health can help reduce the risk of violence.5. Intensive Teacher Training Provide in-depth training for teachers in the areas of classroom management,effectivecommunication, and conflict management.This training can help teachers develop the skills needed to manage the classroom effectively without resorting to violence.A positive approach in classroom management, can focus on strengthening students' positive behavior and building positive relationships between teachers and students.Training can be developed through continuing education.Training that is carried out effectively in the Teacher Organization (PGRI), the Teacher Community (KKG/MGMP), and the local Education Office.Training materials should be based on childfriendly education and character building.This activity is intended to help teachers not stutter when facing naughty children.6. Human rights education and professional ethics Incorporate human rights education and professional ethics into teacher training programs.This can help teachers understand the importance of respecting students' rights and adhering to ethical standards.7. Encourage nonviolent policies Establish and encourage clear and strong school policies that prohibit violence, as well as direct consequences for teachers who violate those policies.8. Effective monitoring system Build effective monitoring systems at the school and government levels.Close monitoring can help detect potential problems early and ensure timely follow-up.9. Public and secure reporting mechanisms Creating an accessible and safe violence reporting mechanism for students, from as simple as providing a complaint box.It can be an easily accessible reporting helpline tool for students.10.Parental Involvement Encourage parental involvement in the educational life of their children.When viewed from cases of violence that occur by students, most cases can be revealed because of the role of parents such as feeling suspicious of their children's behavior and seeing wounds or bruises on their children's bodies.Moreover, for students who are afraid to open their voices, many parents take steps for the good of their children.Involved parents can help spot potential problems and work with the school to resolve them.