Dampak Penggunaan Artificial Intelligence dalam Pembelajaran Sekolah Dasar: Tinjauan Pustaka Sistematis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24114/jgk.v10.i4.76862Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence, Dampak AI, Ketergantungan Teknologi, Personalisasi Pembelajaran, Sekolah DasarAbstract
Penggunaan Artificial Intelligence (AI) dalam pembelajaran sekolah dasar terus berkembang, tetapi manfaat dan risikonya belum dikaji secara seimbang. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dampak positif dan negatif penggunaan AI dalam pembelajaran di sekolah dasar. Penelitian menggunakan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan subjek 20 artikel terbitan tahun 2023–2026. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Agustus–September 2026 dengan lokasi berupa basis data Google Scholar yang ditelusuri melalui Publish or Perish. Alur penelitian mengikuti PRISMA 2020, yaitu identifikasi (100 sumber), penyaringan (70 sumber), penilaian kelayakan, dan inklusi (20 sumber). Data dikumpulkan menggunakan lembar ekstraksi data dan dianalisis secara deskriptif-komparatif melalui pengelompokan tematik. Hasil menunjukkan temuan yang seimbang antara dampak positif (50%) dan negatif (50%). Dampak positif yang dominan adalah personalisasi pembelajaran (60%), motivasi dan keterlibatan siswa (50%), serta dukungan terhadap guru (50%). Dampak negatif yang dominan adalah ketergantungan teknologi (60%), penurunan kemandirian dan kemampuan kognitif (masing-masing 40%), serta tantangan sistemik (40%). Kesimpulannya, efektivitas AI lebih ditentukan oleh pendampingan guru dan kesiapan sekolah daripada oleh teknologinya. Direkomendasikan peningkatan literasi AI guru, penyusunan kebijakan penggunaan AI dan perlindungan data siswa, serta penelitian empiris lanjutan di kelas sekolah dasar.
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