Tunas Geografi Journal is a forum for every historian, practitioner, and geographer to publish their research results. This journal aims to be the main platform for the development and dissemination of geographical science and to make significant contributions to the development of geographical science and practice at the local, national, and global levels. The main focus of this journal is geography learning, social and human geography, regional development, geographical information systems, remote sensing, disaster and mitigation, geology and geomorphology, and oceanography and coastal geography. This journal is intended for teachers, lecturers, graduates, and practitioners in geography. As a scientific communication medium, this magazine provides a means of publication to develop concepts, theoretical studies, and current issues relevant to the field of Geography. This journal also focuses on the development and application of geographical science in facing global challenges, including climate change, sustainable development, and the use of technology in geographical research and practice. We invite research contributions that can provide new insights and innovative solutions for society, the world of education, and public policy related to contemporary geographical issues. With a scope that covers various aspects of geography, this journal is expected to enrich scientific studies and support the development of science at the national and international levels. It is published twice a year, namely in July and December, and is used as a publication material for geography education, geography science, or other related fields.
Department of Geography Education, Faculty of Social Sciences, Universitas Negeri Medan
Spectral Transformation Analysis of Sentinel-2A Imagery for Rice Production Estimation in Natar and Jati Agung Sub-Districts, South Lampung Regency
Rice (Oryza sativa) is a key food commodity in Indonesia and plays a crucial role in ensuring national food security. South Lampung Regency, particularly Natar and Jati Agung Sub-districts, significantly contributes to rice production in the province. However, conventional rice yield estimation methods face limitations in terms of time, labor, and cost. This study aims to analyze the relationship between vegetation indices—Modified Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (MSAVI), Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), and Rice Growth Vegetation Index (RGVI)—and rice productivity, as well as estimate rice yield using Sentinel-2A imagery in the study area. Data used include 2024 Sentinel-2A imagery and productivity measurements from 53 field observation points. The methods involve image classification, vegetation index calculation (SAVI, MSAVI, RGVI), Pearson correlation analysis, and yield estimation using multiple linear regression. The correlation results show r values of 0.870 (SAVI), 0.852 (MSAVI), and 0.667 (RGVI). The regression model yields an R² of 0.823 and an adjusted R² of 0.812. Yield estimates were classified into three categories: low (3.39–4.76 tons/ha), medium (4.76–6.13 tons/ha), and high (>6.13 tons/ha). This study demonstrates that remote sensing has strong potential to support sustainable agricultural practices and accurate, continuous rice yield estimation.
Mapping of Crime-Prone Areas Using Geographic Information Systems in Pematang Siantar City in 2025
Crime is a social problem that continues to increase along with population growth and the complexity of urban activities. Pematang Siantar, the second most densely populated city in North Sumatra, faces various social challenges that contribute to a high crime rate. This study aims to map crime-prone areas and analyze the effect of population density on crime rates in 2025. The research employed a quantitative descriptive method with a Geographic Information System (GIS) approach. Primary data consisted of 302 crime cases in 2024 from the Pematang Siantar Police Department, demographic data from the Central Bureau of Statistics, and field observations of crime scene coordinates. Analysis techniques included buffer, kernel density, overlay, and simple linear regression. The results show that crime cases consisted of 191 cases of aggravated theft (63.25%), 103 cases of motor vehicle theft (34.11%), and 8 cases of robbery (2.64%). The highest distribution occurred in West Siantar (77 cases/25.50%), North Siantar (73 cases/24.17%), and Sitalasari (62 cases/20.53%), while the lowest was in Marihat (7 cases/2.32%). Regression analysis indicated that population density (R² = 0.185; sig. 0.174) did not significantly influence crime rates. This research contributes to the development of crime geography and provides a scientific basis for local government and law enforcement in designing spatial-based crime prevention strategies.
Geographical Perspective on the Development of Halal Tourism in Sabang City
Indonesia is one of the countries with the largest Muslim population in the world that has great potential to develop halal tourism. The purpose of this study is to analyze the development of halal tourism in Sabang City based on the potential, cultural and religious influence in Sabang City, the suitability and availability of tourist facilities in meeting the needs of Muslim tourists, as well as the promotion and marketing system of halal tourism in Sabang City in the domestic and international markets. The research method used in this study is qualitative research using descriptive analysis. The results of the study show that Sabang City has the potential for natural, nautical, religious, heritage, culinary, tourist villages, and artificial tourism for the development of halal tourism that respects Islamic values. Aceh's culture, which is thick with Islamic religious values, affects the development of halal tourism in Sabang City by ensuring that all aspects of tourism are in accordance with Islamic law including dress rules on the beach, halal food, and the availability of places of worship in tourist destinations. The existence of facilities that suit the needs of Muslim tourists, such as tourist attractions, halal-certified inns and restaurants, Islamic banking services, worship facilities and transportation facilities that comply with sharia principles further strengthens the attractiveness of Sabang City as a halal tourist destination. Promotional activities carried out by tour managers increase the acceptance, purchase, and loyalty of tourism products through international promotions such as Sail Sabang and Sabang Marine Festival, as well as domestic promotions with government support, social media marketing, and cooperation with travel.
Analysis of Learning Achievement Level Towards Implementation of Outcome-Based Education (OBE) in Geography Education Department
Rapid changes in the world of work due to globalization and the information technology revolution require an evaluation of the competencies needed considering the gap between educational outcomes and job market demands. Outcome-Based Education (OBE) is considered to be able to bridge this gap by focusing on learning outcomes that are relevant and in accordance with the needs of the world of work, replacing the teacher-centered teaching method that is still dominant. This study aims to analyze the implementation of OBE in the Department of Geography Education and evaluate the level of student learning achievement to meet professional demands in the field of geography. This research uses a quantitative descriptive method to describe the level of student learning achievement related to implementing Outcome-Based Education (OBE) in the Department of Geography Education, with a population of all students and samples taken using purposive sampling from the 2023 and 2024 classes. Data were collected through a closed questionnaire distributed via Google Forms, using a Likert scale from 1 to 5, and analyzed using descriptive statistics to calculate the percentage of respondents' answers and the average answer per item. The study's results showed that implementing Outcome Based Education (OBE) had a positive impact with an average student learning achievement reaching 73.8%. However, there are still shortcomings in mastery of technology and application of theory to real practice, which emphasizes the need to develop a more applicable curriculum. To improve these skills, it is recommended that universities integrate experiential learning methods such as internships and case studies and focus on curriculum evaluation that is integrated with practical experience.
Suitability of Land in the Sapiang Island Group for Tourism Activities
The Sapiang Island cluster has potential for tourism activities, especially beach tourism. Data from the Central Sulawesi Tourism Office shows a continuous increase from 2022 to 2024. The number of tourists in Central Sulawesi in 2024 is highest in April and December, while the lowest is in August. By district/city, the highest number of visits is in Palu city with a percentage of 24.1 percent, followed by Morowali Regency with 12.2 percent, Sigi Regency with 10.4 percent, and Donggala Regency with 9.8 percent. The objective of this research is to analyze and evaluate the land suitability level for tourism development. The method used in this research is a descriptive quantitative approach with a survey method. The data analysis was measured using coastal tourism land suitability analysis with bio-physical parameters modified by the researcher, with eight parameters. The results at the three points were categorized as Suitable (S1) with different percentages. The first observation point, Darat Island, received a score of 88.69%, while the second observation point, Bobonoan Island, received a suitability index score of 98.81%. The third observation point, Laot Island, received a suitability index score of 86.31%. The land suitability index results from the three observation locations conducted by the researchers obtained a value of 91.27%, which falls into the Suitable (S1) category for tourism activities. The results of the grouping of tourism activities based on physical parameters show that these physical parameters are dominant for beach recreation activities, with fourteen parameters being met.
Development of Gamification-Based Learning Media on Atmospheric Dynamics Material
This development research aims to produce a gamification-based learning media that is feasible and effective for teaching the topic of atmospheric dynamics and its impact on life in Geography subjects. The material on atmospheric dynamics and its impacts includes several subtopics, namely: (1) identifying the layers of the Earth's atmosphere, (2) analyzing weather elements and interpreting weather data, (3) identifying atmospheric dynamics and their impact on life, (4) analyzing the classification of climate types and global climate patterns, and (5) understanding the characteristics of Indonesia's climate and its influence on human activities. This research explains that gamification does not mean creating a game, but rather developing specialized media to apply gamification concepts more effectively. The development of the media was carried out using the Research and Development (R&D) method with the ADDIE development model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). This study produced learning media containing gamification elements such as points, badges, challenges, competition, collaboration, levels, content unlocking, duration, tasks, and game rules. The model used in the implementation of this gamification-based learning media is the Game-Based Learning model. Data collection techniques in this research used questionnaires with a Likert scale. The results obtained showed a validation score from media experts of 89%, from material experts of 83%, and students' trial results reached 83% as well. Therefore, the gamification-based learning media is categorized as “highly feasible” for use.
Spatial Study of Land Cover Change and Degradation of Environmental Carrying Capacity of Settlements in the Coastal Area of Belawan Bahagia 2004-2025
Spatial thinking skills are essential in everyday life. These skills can be improved through geography learning. Various studies on efforts to improve spatial thinking skills through geography education have been conducted in Indonesia; however, none have specifically examined the various models, teaching materials, and learning outcomes. Through a comprehensive review of previous findings, this study was conducted to fill this gap. The results of this study can be helpful for teachers and researchers in further developing geography education. This study employs a qualitative research design, specifically a document study or literature review. Publish or Perish software is used in the process of exploring or conducting literature searches. Through the initial search process, a total of 61 documents were obtained. These documents were then reviewed individually, resulting in a total of 16 documents that met the inclusion criteria. The results of the study showed that the most widely applied geography learning model was Project-Based Learning, followed by Discovery Learning and EarthComm. The teaching materials used are Disaster and Disaster Management, Basics of Mapping, Remote Sensing, and Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Atmosphere, Hydrosphere, Lithosphere Dynamics and Its Impact on Life, and Potential of Indonesian Marine Waters. Through the application of the learning model, various improvements were obtained in several indicators of spatial skills. The Project-Based Learning model is the most successful approach in improving various indicators of spatial thinking skills, including Analogy, Aura, Pattern, Association, Form, and Analysis.
Dynamics of Integrated Social Studies Learning Implementation in Junior High Schools: Case Study at SMPN 41 Medan
Integrated social studies learning is a form of integrative learning applied in junior high schools by integrating several disciplines into one subject, namely geography, economics, sociology, and history. This provides obstacles for teachers teaching integrated social studies learning. The study aimed to determine the teachers' constraints and students' understanding of integrated social studies learning at SMPN 41 Medan. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative method. The study results explain that the teacher's constraints in integrated social studies learning include difficulty understanding learning material outside the science teacher's field, limited time allocation, lack of learning facilities and infrastructure, and differences in each student's characteristics. Student understanding in terms of Integrated IPS learning is very high. This can be seen from students' interest during the learning process. It attracts students' attention with a percentage of 87.5% so that the majority of students in this situation feel the learning process is enjoyable and is considered a positive indication that teaching methods and strategies the learning used by the teacher has succeeded in attracting student interest so that they can understand the Integrated Social Sciences learning material. Students' understanding of social studies learning can be a benchmark for teacher success in integrating several disciplines into one subject.
Analysis of Students' Pro-Environmental Awareness and Behavior with the AQAL Quadrant at SMA Negeri 1 Medan
Generation Z demonstrates a high level of concern for environmental issues, yet their pro-environmental behavior remains inconsistent. SMA Negeri 1 Medan is recognized as a leading school with adequate facilities, though the level of environmental awareness and behavior among its students is not yet well understood. The use of the AQAL quadrant in analyzing these aspects remains limited, even though this approach can offer a comprehensive analysis across internal and external, as well as individual and collective dimensions. This research aims to analyze the environmental awareness and pro-environmental behavior of students at SMA Negeri 1 Medan. A mixed-methods approach with a sequential explanatory strategy was employed, involving 72 students from grades X and XI. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, and observations, then analyzed using the AQAL quadrant approach to integrate quantitative and qualitative findings. The students demonstrated a very high level of environmental awareness (level 5), while their pro-environmental behavior was at a moderate level (level 3), often driven by instructions or competitive activities. The school culture reached a good level (level 4), and the school’s policies strongly supported sustainability (level 5), although consistent implementation by all members of the school community still needs improvement. This indicates that high environmental knowledge, a sustainability-oriented culture, and supportive school policies have not yet significantly translated into consistent pro-environmental behavior among students.
The Potential of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions From Energy Consumption in Culinary MSME
The Earth's surface temperature increases each year due to activities carried out by individuals or companies. Calculating the carbon footprint is one way to determine the emissions generated by human activities. Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprise (MSME) business operators have the potential to contribute to the carbon footprints originating from the use of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), fuel, and electricity. This research serves as a preliminary analysis to understand MSMEs' GHG emissions from energy and fuel use and identify appropriate strategies to reduce their carbon footprint using a standardized calculation method. This research uses a carbon footprint calculation method based on the methodology established by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The analysis results show that the most significant emission sources from culinary MSME activities are restaurants, with approximately 3,079 CO2eq/year, followed by fried chicken at an average of 2,682 CO2eq/year, and meatball soup at around 2,504 CO2eq/year. The MSME with the highest income is fried chicken, with an average monthly revenue of IDR 19,225,000, while the lowest income is from siomay at IDR 7,700,000 per month. Income has an impact of 93.3% on the carbon footprints. Management measures that can be taken include analyzing which stages of the production process require significant energy, so strategies can be formulated to reduce the emissions produced. Additionally, the government should promote carbon-saving movements and educate the public about energy-efficient household appliances.
Geography Learning Models in Improving Spatial Thinking Skills: A Literature Review
The Influence of Social Media on University Students' Choice 0f Presidential Candidates in 2024
Social media has become a primary tool in influencing voter decisions, especially among young generations, in the 2024 Election. With a creative and interactive approach, platforms such as TikTok dominate in delivering political messages to university students, who are part of the millennial and Gen Z generations. This research employs a quantitative descriptive method using questionnaires on 120 students from HKBP Nommensen University to measure the influence of social media on the decision to vote for presidential and vice-presidential candidates. The hypothesis test results indicate a significant influence of social media on students' voting decisions. 70.9% of respondents consider social media as the main factor influencing their choice, with TikTok being the most influential platform (74.2%). Additionally, entertaining and creative political slogans such as "Ok Gas 02 Tabrak-Tabrak Masuk" influenced 57.5% of respondents. These findings support the hypothesis that social media significantly affects voting decisions. The significance value in the ANOVA test is 0.001 (< 0.05), indicating that the regression model is significant. Therefore, the alternative hypothesis (Hₐ) is accepted, meaning there is an essential influence between the use of social media and voting decisions, with a contribution of 78.1%. This reinforces the importance of political communication strategies based on social media with engaging and informative content. Indonesia's 2024 election demonstrates how social media, especially TikTok, shapes young voters' preferences by transcending regional boundaries and creating new spaces for political engagement.
Percentage of Live Coral Cover in The Regional Water Conservation Area of the Sawo “ Lahewa Water Tourism Park, North Nias District
Coral reefs are vital ecosystems facing serious threats due to climate change and human activities. This research aims to evaluate the condition of live coral cover in the Sawo-Lahewa Aquatic Tourism Park (TWP) Regional Marine Conservation Area (KKPD), North Nias Regency, as an important step in conservation and sustainable management efforts. Data was collected at 8 research stations using the Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) method. The research results show that the condition of coral reefs in this area is in the damaged to moderate category, with the percentage of live coral cover ranging between 12.33-45.37% and an average of 26.65%. The highest percentage of coral cover was found on Sarangbaung Island (45.37%) in the medium category, followed by Makora Island (42.13%), Gita Island (35.35%), and Lafau Island (31.07%). Meanwhile, locations with the lowest cover in the damaged category include Gosobaohi_01 Island (18.25%), Gosobaohi_02 Island (15.60%), Sifahandro Sea Waters (13.13%), and Bengkuang Bay Waters (12.33%). This research also looks at the abundance of coral juveniles, coral fish, and megabenthos to provide a broad picture of the health of the coral reef ecosystem. The results of this research can become a scientific basis for developing more effective management strategies. Apart from that, it is also a form of supporting conservation efforts, helping restore damaged ecosystems, and increasing the resilience of coral reefs to future environmental threats. Keywords: Coral Reefs, Regional Marine Conservation Area, North Nias
Analysis of E-Lkpd Needs Based On Geographical Inquiry To Stimulate Students™ Collaborative Abilities
Collaborative abilities are one of the pillars that students must have in facing the complexity of the world, especially in world complexity, especially in abilities that can be trained by using E-LKPD in learning. Therefore, this research aims to determine the needs analysis for E-LKPD development. This type of research is quantitative and descriptive, using questionnaires, interviews, and observation data collection techniques. The research subjects were students in class XI-10 IPS at SMA Negeri 5 Samarinda. The data obtained was then analyzed using quantitative descriptive analysis techniques. Based on the data analysis, the curriculum requires LKPD as an attachment that must be provided in learning. The material presented in E-LKPD has informative and procedural characteristics. The analysis of student needs shows that 78% of students need E-LKPD, making it easier for them to understand the material, and 38% of students attract students' learning attention. Regarding the weaknesses of the E-LKPD used during geography learning, it is that the E-LKPD is not in accordance with the meaning of the E-LKPD itself, the E-LKPD is not in accordance with the curriculum used, the E-LKPD used by students has not attracted the students' learning attention. Based on the results of this research can provide an illustration that needs analysis seen from the curriculum aspect, material characteristics, and student characteristics is the main step in developing E-LKPD that is appropriate and innovative based on current needs. Keywords: Need analysis; E-LKPD Bases on Geographical Inquiry; Collaborative Abilities
Water Quality of Unconfined Aquifer in Universitas Negeri Malang Following the Drinking Water Quality Standard of Indonesian Ministry of Health
Abstract The quality of groundwater is naturally determined by water-bearing rock characteristics. However, the progression of civilian activities also negatively affects the groundwater quality. Therefore, this study aims to assess groundwater's physical, chemical, and biological characteristics in Indonesia's Universitas Negeri Malang (UM) campus area and evaluate its compliance with drinking water quality standards, particularly the Class A standard. A comparative descriptive strategy was utilized in the study by involving groundwater in the campus area of UM. The focus of the research is water quality in unconfined aquifers. Through purposive sampling, 12 wells were selected to ensure appropriate spatial dispersion. Water samples were collected in sample bottles and tested for physical, biological, and chemical properties. The Perum Jasa Tirta I Malang carried out these water quality tests. Water quality data were analyzed qualitatively, descriptively, and comparatively. This study concludes that (1) the groundwater on the UM campus generally meets the physical criteria for drinking water quality standards; (2) the chemical quality of the groundwater on the UM campus still satisfies the drinking water quality standards; and (3) biologically, the free groundwater on the UM campus fails to meet drinking water quality standards. The novelty of this research is that the biggest threat to the quality of free groundwater in the campus area is bacterial contamination from sanitation activities. Accordingly, it is recommended that groundwater is boiled before being utilized for drinking water purposes to neutralize the E. coli bacteria present in all well water samples. Keywords: Water Quality of Unconfined Aquifer; The Drinking Water; Quality Standard
Analysis Of Mangrove Land Cover In The Sawo Marine Conservation Area, North Nias District
Sawo sub-district of North Nias Regency has a mangrove ecosystem that has been designated as a Regional Marine Conservation Area (KKLD) with an area of 29,230.85 ha. The 2005 earthquake and tsunami are reported to have caused damage to mangrove ecosystems due to rising land levels. The increase in land surface has resulted in the destruction of mangroves in this area. This impacts the sustainability of the mangrove ecosystem in this region and is important to study. This study aims to analyze changes in mangrove land cover after the tsunami in 2006 to 2022 and to analyze the impact of changes in mangrove land cover. The results found that mangrove land cover continues to experience a reduction in area; in 2006, an area of 139.78 ha continued to decline until the remaining 70.87 ha in 2022. This is due to the increasing population growth that causes mangrove forest degradation and land conversion into agricultural land, plantations, and infrastructure. The increase in population is a driving force, land clearing for settlements and plantations is a pressure factor (Pressures), land use change is a factor of existing conditions (State), and reduced mangrove land area is part of the impact (Impact). Coastal spatial planning and counseling to reforestation is a response (Response). Land conversion to other uses contributes to this area's continued loss of mangrove land. Keywords: Mangrove; Land Cover; GIS; DPSIR
Identification of Marine Landforms as a Form of Coastal Area Management in Pangandaran District
Changes in marine landforms in coastal areas are relatively rapid and need to be analyzed to determine environmental management policies. Complex marine landforms are found in the coastal areas of Pangandaran Regency and have strong pressure to fulfill community activities, not only for local communities but also for outside communities. Basically, community activities are adapted to regional environmental conditions. The aim is to optimize the potential of natural resources and minimize environmental degradation, but in reality, this has not been fully implemented. The method used in this research is a descriptive method using a field survey approach. Marine landforms resulting from the accretion process in the Pangandaran coastal area are spit landforms, aeolian-marine sedimentation in the form of coastal dunes, fluvio-marine sedimentation in the form of estuaries and alates, organic-marine landforms and white sand beaches associated with reefs. The landforms resulting from erosion are Cliffs, notches, wave-cut platforms, stacks, and stumps. The impact of landforms resulting from sedimentation in the Pangandaran coastal area is mainly spit landforms that cover river mouths and the occurrence of flooding, puddles, and even accumulation of organic waste, landforms resulting from erosion, the impact of which is the decline of the coastline accompanied by avalanches of material towards the sea, especially on beaches that have non-resistant rocks such as sedimentary rocks and alluvial deposits. Management of the Pangandaran coastal environmental area must be carried out in an integrated manner, land buritan (hinterland), which has steep slopes and resistant rock, is designated as limited production land, and the development of the spit at the river mouth is made into a jetty, and the beach has beach cups waves with rip currents and water bathymetry. -10 meters above sea level, a wave-protecting wall must be built, and the coastal border area must be used as vegetative-based conservation land. Keywords: Marine landforms, Coastal Management, Pangandaran
Analysis of Microfaces and Depositional Environment of Limestone in North Isimu Area, Gorontaolo Regency
The geological conditions in the northern part of Lake Limboto vary greatly from the constituent rocks to the working geological structures. Lithological variations consist of volcanic and plutonic rocks to limestone. The area where limestone is widely distributed is in the North Isimu Region, Gorontalo Regency. This research aims to analyze the geological conditions, microfacies and depositional environment of limestone in the North Isimu Region, Gorontalo Regency. The research methods used to achieve this goal consist of field surveys and petrographic laboratory analysis. Field surveys include taking rock samples, taking coordinate points, taking elevation, geomorphological observations, observing geological structures and taking field documentation. Meanwhile, petrographic analysis of rocks uses a polarizing microscope as a tool to follow up megascopic observations. Observation of rock incisions under a microscope using cross nicol and parallel nicol. Based on the results and discussion, it shows that the geomorphology of the research area includes structural hills with sub-parallel river flow patterns. The geological structure of the research area is a descending fault trending northwest-southeast. The research area is divided into four facies, namely foraminifera wackestone, crystalline limestone, foraminifera algae packstone and coralline floatstone. Standard microfacies (SMF) in the North Isimu Region consists of three SMF namely SMF-3, SMF-4 and SMF-5 with two limestone depositional environmental zones namely toe of slope (FZ-3) and slope (FZ-4). FZ-3 was deposited at the end of the foreslope zone and FZ-4 was deposited seaward of the foreslope from the edge of the carbonate debris platform. Keywords: Limestone; Microfacies; Depositional Environment; North Isimu
Analysis of Potential Regional Economic Development in Bengkulu Province in 2022
Bengkulu Province is one of the developing provinces in Indonesia. The distribution of development and economic growth is still one of the main objectives of development in Indonesia, as well as Bengkulu Province. Development and growth are still centralised in Bengkulu City, causing inequality between regions in Bengkulu Province. This research aims to identify the typology of regions in Bengkulu Province, as an evaluation material for the government in determining priority development areas based on business fields in Bengkulu Province. The research method used is quantitative with sharpened through descriptive analysis. This research uses secondary data sources obtained from BPS Bengkulu Province. Based on the existing business sectors in Bengkulu Province, the primary sector or sectors that still depend on or take advantage of natural conditions, such as; agriculture, forestry and fisheries have the largest contribution to the Bengkulu Province GRDP, which is 27.57%, then the next sector is the Wholesale and Retail Trade sector; Car and Motorcycle Repair, with an average contribution of 15.82%, and the Government Administration sector with a contribution of 8.88%. Data were analysed using Klassen's typology, by dividing or grouping into 4 (four) quadrants based on business field indicators. The results of the Klassen typology analysis in Bengkulu Province based on business fields show that there is close to equity in each sector, typology in quadrants 1, 3, and 4 consists of 5 business fields, while the typology results in quadrant 2, only consists of 2 business fields (Manufacturing, Public Administration & Defence; Compulsory Social Security). Keywords: Regional Typology; Klassen Typology; Economy; Development.
Tendency of Internet Addiction in College Students (Case Study on Public Administration Students of the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, HKBP Nommensen University)
The internet provides tremendous educational benefits for students and also provides better communication, information, and social interaction opportunities for young people, but excessive internet use can lead to negative psychological addiction. This study aims to quantitatively describe the tendency of internet addiction in the population of students majoring in Public Administration from the class of 2020, 2021, and 2022. The total sample taken was 142 people, including all students from the three batches. The data analysis method applied in this research is the crosstab or cross tabulation analysis technique. The data analysis process involved the use of SPSS V.25 statistical software. From the results of the analysis of gender and range of addiction, it can be seen that the majority of respondents, both males (66.7%) and females (69.9%), experience a moderate level of internet addiction, especially social media. The number of respondents who experienced moderate addiction reached 98 out of a total of 142 respondents. In the analysis of respondents' age groups and range of addiction, it can be seen that three age groups dominate, namely 19, 20 and 21 years old. Of the 28 respondents aged 19, 17 of them experienced moderate addiction. In the 20-year-old age group, out of 43 respondents, 33 were classified as moderately addicted. While in the 21-year-old age group, out of 37 respondents, 26 of them also showed a moderate level of addiction. Furthermore, the tendency of internet addiction in college students is dominated by two main aspects: characteristics and excessive use. Students who feel attached to the internet tend to always think about and find it difficult to control their use. Keywords: Tendency; Addiction; Internet; College Students
Modeling of Carbon Emissions and Sequestration Due to Land Cover Changes in Makassar Using Geospatial Technology
Land-use change significantly affects carbon emissions, particularly in rapidly growing cities such as Makassar. This study uses geospatial technology to analyze the impact of land cover changes on carbon emissions and sequestration in Makassar City from 2022 to 2041. The Rapid Carbon Stock Appraisal (RaCSA) method and the QUES-C feature of the LUMENS software were utilized to model land cover changes based on the Makassar City spatial planning scenario (RTRW). The results indicate that expanding residential areas and reducing green spaces, such as mangrove forests and agricultural land, have increased carbon emissions. However, carbon sequestration in certain areas, especially in the Tallo District and reclamation areas, has increased significantly due to the establishment of local protection zones. This study highlights the importance of spatial planning that supports the protection and restoration of green spaces to enhance carbon sequestration capacity and support sustainable development strategies in Makassar City.
Population Corner: Advancing Digital-Based Literacy Through The School Literacy Movement at SMA Negeri 1 Stabat
This study examines the Population Corner initiative at SMA Negeri 1 Stabat, intending to improve digital literacy through the School Literacy Movement (SLM). The main objectives are to provide an overview of the Population Corner program at SMA Negeri 1 Stabat as a form of digital-based SLM implementation and to assess students' literacy levels in population content using a qualitative approach to guide the development of a more effective Population Corner. The results showed that although the initiative has successfully integrated digital tools such as QR codes and cloud-based platforms to improve access to information, many students are not actively using these resources. Limitations of this study include the absence of structured management and a dedicated space for the Population Corner, which may affect its effectiveness. In addition, the study highlighted that many students were not fully engaged with the program, indicating the need for better strategies to encourage interest in population literacy activities. Recommendations for future improvements include increasing student engagement through dynamic activities, integrating interdisciplinary connections, providing geospatial resources, and improving the school's digital infrastructure to improve access to resources. Addressing these limitations and implementing the recommended strategies, the Population Corner initiative can increase literacy and awareness of critical population issues at the local and national levels.
Analysis of Coral Reef Cover in Nias Regency, North Sumatra
Marine and fisheries resources in the waters of Nias Regency are one of the sectors that drive the community's economy, especially in coastal areas. Coral reefs are one of the marine ecosystems in Nias Regency that have high ecological and economic value. This research aims to evaluate the environmental conditions of coral reefs in the Nias Regency Water Area, especially in the seascape tourism zone around the waters of Onolimbu Island and Musi Island as research locations. The research was conducted from March to May 2023 in the coastal waters of Nias Regency to collect ecological and socio-economic data. Coral cover analysis was carried out using underwater photo methods and classified based on condition categories set by the Ministry of Environment. The condition of coral reefs at this research location is in the damaged to moderate category (23.47-45.13%) with an average abundance of 31.54% and is included in the medium category. The percentage of coral reef life form types consists of Dead Coral Algae (DCA) (34.86%), Hard Coral (31.81%), Sands (15.73%), Recent Dead Coral (5.84%), and the rest are Rubble, Other Biota and Rock. Coral Reefs, Coral Cover, Nias Regency
Neutralization of Galena Acid Mine Water Using CaO and CaCO₃ at PT Berkat Bhinneka Perkasa
The mining system implemented at PT. Berkat Bhinneka Perkasa is an underground mining system. The results from mining the metal mineral commodity black lead ore (PbS/Galena) are helpful in the battery industry, color pigments, ammunition, cable coatings, radiation protection, solder, and other materials that use Pb and Zn as basic ingredients. This research examines the neutralization of acid mine drainage using Tohor Lime (CaO) and Calcium Carbonate Lime (CaCO3). The methods used are survey and experimental techniques, where the survey involves field observations to determine observation points and collect data. In contrast, the experimental method includes laboratory analysis followed by data analysis. This research shows that acid mine wastewater with pH 4.74 and 240.20 ppm Fe²⁺ was effectively treated using quicklime, calcium carbonate, TKKS, and rice husk biochar. These ameliorants significantly increased pH and met the river water quality standards per Government Regulation 22 of 2021. Although active ferrous levels also increased, the effect was not statistically significant. However, excessive ferrous content can harm agricultural soils and plants, potentially causing iron toxicity.
Spatial Structure Analysis in Regional Development Context at Samosir Regency
Regional inequality or disparity is a natural consequence of development and an unavoidable stage. This happens because of differences in population, natural resource potential and geographical conditions in each region. This research aims to analyze public service centers, inter-district interactions, and settlement patterns in the context of regional development in Samosir Regency. The study uses a descriptive method with a quantitative approach to analyze the centers of public services, inter-district interactions, and settlement patterns among districts in Samosir Regency using the tools of centrality index analysis, gravity model, and nearest neighbor analysis. The analysis results show that the public service facilities in Samosir Regency in 2021 include 517 units of educational facilities, 442 units of healthcare facilities, 561 units of religious facilities, and 2,418 units of economic facilities, with the service center located in Pangururan District with a total availability of 1,081 units, which has the highest centrality value of 966.63. The largest inter-district interactions occur in Palipi District with a total interaction of 11,671,532.31, while the smallest interaction occurs in Simanindo District with a total interaction of 749,250.15. The settlement pattern in Samosir Regency consists of 1 district with a random settlement pattern and 8 other districts with clustered settlement patterns. In the development of Samosir Regency, the influence of district interactions, service centers, and settlement patterns are important factors to be considered. Keywords: District, Service Center, Interaction, Settlement Pattern
Integration of Remote Sensing and GIS Technologies for Blue Carbon Ecosystem Monitoring in Lakkang Island, Makassar City
Blue carbon ecosystem has a very important role in maintaining the quality of environments. Form of monitoring processes is needed to be able to provide direction for decision making, related to its management planning. Remote sensing technologies that is integrated with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a form of monitoring methods that can be carried out more quickly, easily and accurately. Lakkang Island in Makassar City has a blue carbon ecosystem in form of mangroves, that have very important role in absorbing carbon emissions. This research was conducted with the aim of integrating remote sensing and GIS technologies in monitoring blue carbon ecosystems. Monitoring processes focused on distribution and extentions of the blue carbon ecosystem which is carried out through a random forest algorithm. Monitoring of the physical condition like density levels of the blue carbon ecosystem is carried trough the NDVI analysis. The results showed that the distribution of the blue carbon ecosystem on Lakkang Island tends to follow the main flow of the Tallo River, with an area of 58.29 hectare. Physical conditions of the blue carbon ecosystem is dominated by dense mangroves that reaching 46% from total area of the ecosystem. Keywords: Blue Carbon, Ecosystem Monitoring, Lakkang
A New Competition: Changes in the Flow of Fruit Commodities Sales in Kalianda District, South Lampung Regency, Indonesia
The COVID-19 pandemic transformed the industry into the strongest online industry of the last decade. One of the commodities that have experienced faster sales since the COVID-19 pandemic is healthy food; fruit is one of them. As a response to the crisis, online fruit traders have emerged using social media. Unfortunately, not all community groups can adapt to technology. Fruit traders who stay in the kiosk (selling offline) are included in the new left-behind group due to their inability to technology adaptation. This study aims to differentiate the sales flow of fruit commodities (before and after the appearance of online sales) and describe the advantages and disadvantages of each group (online traders and kiosk/offline traders). The data to answer the two research goals were processed in a qualitative descriptive way. The results show that online traders have a shorter sales flow than kiosk traders. The main advantages of online traders include using social media, which makes it easier to find market and customer information, low prices, and ownership of transportation. Meanwhile, the main disadvantages of offline fruit traders are the limited quantity of human resources, the inability to operate smartphones and social media, and not always having transportation Keywords: New Competition, Fruit Sales Flow, Online Trader, Kiosk Merchant
Development Strategy of Lau Debuk-Debuk Nature Park Based on Local Wisdom and Community Participation Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Method
The designation of the Lau Debuk Debuk forest area as a nature reserve was based on the Decree of Radja Deli dated September 30, 1934. The area underwent a change in function from a nature reserve to a tourist park, according to the Minister of Agriculture's Decree Number: 320/Kpts/Um/5/1980 dated May 9, 1980, regarding the Change of the Status of the Nature Reserve covering approximately ±7 hectares located in the Simalungun-Tanah Karo TK II Region, North Sumatra TK I Region as a Forest Tourism. In this area, there are hot springs containing sulfur. Lau Debuk-debuk Nature Park (TWA), located in the Berastagi District of Karo Regency, is one of the conservation areas managed by the North Sumatra Natural Resources Conservation Center.The research aimed to analyze local wisdom in the management of Lau Debuk-debuk Nature Park ecotourism. The study was conducted from February to May 2023 in the Lau Debuk-debuk Nature Park located in the Berastagi District of Karo Regency. It employed a qualitative approach involving local residents in the development process of strategies and the assessment of Lau Debuk-debuk Nature Park's ecotourism development based on local wisdom. The results indicate that the priority for the development of the Lau Debuk Debuk Conservation Area is the aspect of local wisdom, which is crucial for the development of a religious tourist area because it is the main reason tourists visit the natural tourist area, Lau Debuk-debuk Nature Park. Keyword: Local wisdom, ecotourism, AHP method
Assessing Urban Land Surface Temperature Fluctuations Amidst the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Landsat 8 and Landsat 9 Study of Bandar Lampung City
Community activities before, during, and after the Covid-19 pandemic have undergone significant changes. This is due to the limitation and exemption of activities set by the government which can also result in changes in surface temperature. Physical separation from the Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) has led to a decrease in communal activities like traffic and the industrial sector, which has a policy of allowing most employees to work from home. This study intends to examine variations in Bandar Lampung surface temperature that took place in 2020, 2021, and. Identifying surface temperature using remote sensing technology, including Landsat 8 and Landsat 9 images. Both of these images have advantages with a large number of bands, especially the presence of a Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) wavelength which has a sensitivity to detect temperature. Utilization of this wavelength can distinguish parts of the earth's surface that have a hotter temperature than the surrounding area. The land surface temperature (LST) approach can be used to determine the dynamics of surface temperature variations before, during, and after the Covid-19 epidemic. Image processing and analysis are done using Google Earth Engine. The results of the analysis of surface temperatures before Covid, the image recording time in 2020 has a value range of 13oC - 32oC, during the occurrence of Covid, the 2021 recording time has a value range of 3oC - 33oC, while after Covid, the 2022 recording time has a value range of 18oC - 32oC. Keywords: Covid-19, Landsat 8, Landsat 9, LST
Dynamics of Urban Heat Island and NO2 Gas During the Covid-19 Pandemic
To know the COVID-19 pandemic™s impact on the environment, an analysis of Urban Heat Island and pollutant gas was carried out. From March to June 2020, the Indonesian government implemented the Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) policy, requiring people to limit activities in public places. The data used are Land Surface Temperature (LST) from the Terra MODIS and Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) concentration from the TROPOMI sensor. The data is processed using the Google Earth Engine to produce comparative values before the PSBB implementation (2019), during (2020), and after (2021-2022). The LST will be derived into Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI) to compare climate conditions in urban (Kendari) and rural areas (Ranomeeto, Lalonggasumeeto, North Moramo). The results show that reducing community activities during the pandemic was not able to reduce LST but succeeded in inhibiting the increase rate. The LST trend is more affected by rainfall variables where higher rainfall causes lower LST and vice versa. The SUHI value shows a downward trend, meaning that the Urban Heat Island effect has been inhibited. The most significant impact of PSBB was a 25.9% reduction in NO2 concentration. These results prove that the COVID-19 pandemic has successfully restored environmental health constantly exposed to air pollution. Keywords: COVID-19, Urban Heat Island, NO2, PSBB, Land Surface Temperature