Orang Malind dan Tanahnya: Membaca Kebijakan Food Estate Melalui Paradigma Ethnoecology dan Ethnodevelopment

Dwi Wulan Pujiriyani

Abstract


Tulisan ini bertujuan menganalisis praktik pengadaan lahan pangan skala luas dalam skema MIFEE di Merauke Papua sebagaimana didokumentasikan dalam film Mama Malind Su Hilang’. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan menggunakan pendekatan analisis isi. Praktik pengadaan lahan dan keterpinggiran masyarakat lokal dianalisis dengan menggunakan dua paradigma utama yaitu paradigma etnoekologi dan paradigma etnodevelopment. Kedua paradigma ini digunakan sebagai kerangka analisis karena memiliki benang merah dalam perspektif yang dibangunnya berkaitan dengan relasi antara manusia dengan alam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa food estate merupakan realitas pengabaian terhadap konsep hutan yang dimaknai sebagai sumber kehidupan. Food estate juga merupakan contoh pembangunan yang tidak sensitif terhadap kebutuhan masyarakat lokal serta pembangunan yang mengabaikan nilai-nilai lokal terkait personifikasi hutan yang bukan semata sebagai aset, tetapi sebagai penopang daya hidup bagi masyarakat lokal melalui nilai-nilai non ekonominya. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan pengadaan lahan pangan skala luas perlu dievaluasi ulang apabila akan dilanjutkan atau diterapkan. Kehilangan tanah bagi masyarakat Zanegi tidak hanya menandai hilangnya sumber penghidupan tetapi juga identitas sebagai komunitas yang memiliki daya hidup dan kemandiriannya sendiri.



This paper aims to analyze the practice of large-scale land acquisition under the MIFEE scheme in Merauke Papua as documented in the film Mama Malind Su Hilang '. The method used is descriptive qualitative using content analysis. The practice of land acquisition and the marginalization of local communities were analyzed using two main paradigms, namely the ethnoecological paradigm and the ethnodevelopment paradigm. These two paradigms are used as an analytical framework because they have a common thread in the perspective they build regarding the relationship between humans and nature. The results showed that food estate is the reality of ignoring the concept of forest which is interpreted as a source of life. Food estate is also an example of development that is insensitive to the needs of local communities as well as development that ignores local values related to forest personification which are not only as assets, but as a life support for local communities through their non-economic values. This indicates that the policy for large-scale food land acquisition needs to be re-evaluated if it is to be continued or implemented. The loss of land for the Zanegi people not only marks the loss of their source of livelihood but also an identity as a community that has its own life force and independence.


Keywords


land acquisition, food estate, MIFEE, ethnoecology, ethnodevelopment

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24114/antro.v8i2.34951

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Anthropos: Jurnal Antropologi Sosial dan Budaya (Journal Of Social and Cultural Anthropology)
Program Studi Pendidikan Antropologi, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial, Universitas Negeri Medan
Universitas Negeri Medan, Jalan Willem Iskandar, Pasar V, Medan Estate, Sumatera Utara dan Email: anthropos@unimed.ac.id
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ISSN 2460 4585 (Print), ISSN: 2460 4593 (Online)