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Model dan Pengaruh Pembelajaran Berdiferensiasi Pada Pendidikan IPA: Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis
Abstract
Pembelajaran berdiferensiasi menjadi salah satu strategi untuk mengatasi masalah keberagaman siswa agar dapat belajar sesuai kesiapan, minat dan gaya belajar sehingga memperoleh hasil belajar yang lebih maksimal. Dalam praktiknya, pembelajaran berdiferensiasi belum banyak dilakukan khususnya pada materi IPA. Oleh karena itu, tujuan tinjauan literatur ini untuk menguraikan tahapan model yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran berdiferensiasi serta menganalisis pengaruhnya pada pembelajaran IPA. Metode penelitian menggunakan tinjauan literatur sistematis (Systematic Literature Review) dengan teknik PRISMA dari sumber literatur berupa artikel penelitian yang sudah dipublikasi mulai tahun 2017-2022 sebanyak 11 artikel. Berdasarkan kajian literatur diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa model pembelajaran yang telah digunakan untuk mengimplementasikan pembelajaran berdiferensiasi pada materi IPA adalah Problem Based Learning, Differentiated Science Inquiry (DSI), Blended Learning’s Station Rotation, Pembelajaran Berdiferensiasi dengan teori Triarchic, Direct Instructional (model pembelajaran langsung) dan model khusus dengan instruksi berdiferensiasi berbasis SETS. Pembelajaran berdiferensiasi melalui model-model terpilih ini memberikan pengaruh positif pada hasil belajar, proses pembelajaran, motivasi, keaktifan dan keterlibatan siswa, literasi sains serta keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi siswa (berpikir kritis dan berpikir kreatif).
Keywords: Pembelajaran Berdiferensiasi, Pendidikan IPA, Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis
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