SPORT-SPECIFIC HIGH-INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING (S-HIIT): EFEK TERHADAP KAPASITAS ANAEROBIK DAN INDEKS KELELAHAN PADA ATLET TAEKWONDO SENIOR
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24114/jpor.v11i2.71864Keywords:
Kapasitas Kelelahan, Indeks Kelelahan, Power, Sport-Specific HIITAbstract
Taekwondo modern dengan Protector and Scoring System (PSS) mengharuskan atlet untuk melakukan serangan intensitas tinggi secara terus-menerus, menjadikan kapasitas energi anaerobik alaktik sebagai faktor penentu dalam performa. Penurunan kapasitas ini sering ditandai dengan Fatigue Index (FI) yang tinggi, ang mempengaruhi akurasi dan kekuatan tendangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh intervensi Sport-Specific High-Intensity Interval Training (S-HIIT) terhadap kapasitas anaerobik dan indeks kelelahan ada atlet taekwondo senior. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain quasi-experimental, dengan one-group pretest-posttest. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 20 atlet Taekwondo senior (berusia 19-22 tahun) yang dipilih menggunakan teknik sampling total. Perlakuan terdiri dari latihan S-HIIT berdasarkan tendangan Dollyo-chagi berturut-turut, yang diberikan tiga kali seminggu selama empat minggu. Alat yang digunakan adalah Running-based Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST) untuk mengukur Peak Power (PP), Mean Power (MP), dan Fatigue Index (FI). Analisis data menggunakan Uji Wilcoxon Signed-Rank, sebuah uji nonparametrik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan yang signifikan pada Mean Power dari 172,40 ± 90,28 Watt menjadi 191,85 ± 94,33 Watt (p = 0,025). Fatigue Index juga menurun secara signifikan dari 2,55 ± 1,76 menjadi 1,80 ± 1,40 (p = 0,013). Namun, tidak ada efek signifikan pada Peak Power (p = 0,723). Latihan S-HIIT efektif dalam meningkatkan kapasitas kerja anaerobik rata-rata dan kemampuan pemulihan atlet, tetapi tidak meningkatkan kekuatan eksplosif maksimum dalam periode 4 minggu. Pelatih disarankan untuk mengintegrasikan S-HIIT ke dalam program latihan fase persiapan khusus dan menggabungkannya dengan latihan beban atau plyometrics untuk mengoptimalkan Peak Power.References
Apollaro, G., Ouergui, I., Rodríguez, Y. Q., Kons, R. L., Detanico, D., Franchini, E., Ruggeri, P., Falcó, C., & Faelli, E. (2024). Anaerobic Sport-Specific Tests for Taekwondo: A Narrative Review with Guidelines for the Assessment. Sports, 12(10), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports12100278
Atakan, M. M., Koşar, Ş. N., Güzel, Y., Tin, H. T., & Turnagöl, H. H. (2021). Evidence-based effects of high-intensity interval training on exercise capacity and health: A review with historical perspective. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(13), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18137201
Bartel, C., Coswig, V. S., Protzen, G. V., & Del Vecchio, F. B. (2022). Energy demands in high-intensity intermittent taekwondo-specific exercises. PeerJ, 10, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13654
Bridge, C. A., Jones, M. A., Hitchen, P., & Sanchez, X. (2013). Taekwondo exercise protocols do not recreate the physiological responses of championship combat. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 34(7), 573–581. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0032-1327578
Campos, F. A. D., Bertuzzi, R., Dourado, A. C., Santos, V. G. F., & Franchini, E. (2012). Energy demands in taekwondo athletes during combat simulation. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 112(4), 1221–1228. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-011-2071-4
Campos, F. A. D., Ceylan, H. I., de Souza, S. M., & Al., E. (2022). Energy demands in high-intensity intermittent taekwondo-specific exercises. PeerJ, 10, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13654
Chen, Y. T., Hsieh, Y. Y., Ho, J. Y., Lin, T. Y., & Lin, J. C. (2022). Two weeks of detraining reduces cardiopulmonary function and muscular fitness in endurance athletes. European Journal of Sport Science, 22(3), 399–406. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2021.1880647
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research Design Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches.
Febrianty, M. F., Purnamasari, I., Novian, G., & History, A. (2021). Journal of Physical Education , Sport , Health and Recreations Analysis of Psychological Aspects of Taekwondo Athletes in Training Phase. Journal of Physical Education, Sport, Health and Recreation, 10(3), 113–120.
Fiorenza, M., Hostrup, M., Gunnarsson, T. P., & al., et. (2019). Neuromuscular fatigue and metabolism during high-intensity intermittent exercise. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 51(8), 1642–1652. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001940
Fortes, L. S., Mortatti, A. L., Lima-Junior, D., Costa, B. D. V, Ferreira, M. E. C., & Lima, R. C. R. (2017). Effect of tapering on anaerobic power and capacity of Tae-kwon-do athletes. Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria e Desempenho Humano, 19(2), 251–261. https://doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2017v19n2p251
Hargreaves, M., & Spriet, L. L. (2020). Skeletal muscle energy metabolism during exercise. Nature Metabolism, 2(9), 817–828. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42255-020-0251-4
Huang, P.-T., & Al., E. (2025). Effects of a taekwondo-specific high-intensity interval training protocol on physiological responses in athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.115788
Iannetta, D., Zhang, J., Murias, J. M., & Aboodarda, S. J. (2022). Neuromuscular and perceptual mechanisms of fatigue accompanying task failure in response to moderate-, heavy-, severe-, and extreme-intensity cycling. Journal of Applied Physiology, 133(2), 323–334. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00764.2021
Laursen, P. B., & Buchheit, M. (2021). High-intensity interval training prescription for combat-sport athletes. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 43(4), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000625
Lee, J. H., Lee, J. H., & Lee, B. H. (2021). Adequacy of setting standards for kick impact in the Taekwondo electronic protector and scoring system. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, 13(110), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-021-00351-0
Márquez, J. J., López-Gullón, J. M., Menescardi, C., & Falcó, C. (2022). Comparison between the KPNP and Daedo Protection Scoring Systems through a Technical-Tactical Analysis of Elite Taekwondo Athletes. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(4), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14042111
Montero-Odasso, M., & Al., E. (2021). Effects of 4 weeks of a technique-specific protocol with high-intensity intervals on general and specific physical fitness in taekwondo athletes: An inter-individual analysis. Frontiers in Physiology, 12(18), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.645567
Nara, K., Kumar, P., Rathee, R., & Kumar, J. (2022). The compatibility of running-based anaerobic sprint test and Wingate anaerobic test: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports, 26(2), 134–143. https://doi.org/10.15561/26649837.2022.0208
Novian, G., Komarudin, K., Rismayadi, A., Febrianty, M. F., & Syahid, A. M. (2025). A Study of Endurance Training Methods and Their Effects on Archery Athletes By. 4088, 62–66.
Ojeda-Aravena, A., & Al., E. (2021). Inter-individual variability of a high-intensity interval training with specific techniques vs. repeated sprints program. Frontiers in Physiology, 12(766153), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.766153
Purnamasari, I., Novian, G., & Fiametta, M. (2024). Journal Sport Area Endurance training for judo athletes : Improving anaerobic and aerobic capacity in the high altitude. Journal Sport Area, 9(2), 295–306.
Queirós, A., Faria, D., & Almeida, F. (2017). Strengths and Limitations of Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methods. European Journal of Education Studies, 3(9), 369–387. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.887089
Rezaei, M., Parnow, A., & Mohr, M. (2024). Additional high intensity intermittent training improves aerobic and anaerobic performance in elite karate athletes. Sport Sciences for Health, 20(3), 779–788. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-023-01156-7
Sant’Ana, J., Franchini, E., da Silva, V., Diefenthaeler, F., & Del Vecchio, F. B. (2017). Effect of fatigue on reaction time, response time, performance time, and kick impact in taekwondo roundhouse kick. Sports Biomechanics, 16(2), 201–209. https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2016.1217347
Santos, J. F. S., & al., et. (2024). A comparative analysis of high-intensity technique-specific training vs. running-based sprint interval training on taekwondo athletes’ performance. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 23(3), 672–683. https://doi.org/10.52082/jssm.2024.672
Song, Y., Li, X., Zhang, H., Chen, J., & Wang, L. (2024). A comparative analysis of high-intensity technique-specific intervals and short sprint interval training in taekwondo athletes: Effects on cardiorespiratory fitness and anaerobic power. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 23(3), 672–683. https://doi.org/10.52082/jssm.2024.672
Valenzuela-Valdés Badilla, P., Herrera-Valenzuela, T., & al., et. (2024). High-intensity interval training recommendations for combat sports athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Revista de Artes Marciales Asiáticas, 19(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.18002/rama.v19i1.6230
Wajdi, F., Seplyana, D., Rumahlewang, E., Nour Halisa, N., Rusmalinda, S., Kristiana, R., Fathun Niam, M., Wahyuning Purwanti, E., Melinasari, S., & Kusumaningrum, R. (2024). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif.
Zagatto, A. M., Beck, W. R., & Gobatto, C. A. (2009). Validity of the running anaerobic sprint test for assessing anaerobic power and predicting short-distance performances. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 23(6), 1820–1827. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181b3df32
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Jurnal Pedagogik Olahraga is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
Penulis yang menerbitkan jurnal ini menyetujui persyaratan berikut:
- Penulis memegang hak cipta dan memberikan hak jurnal untuk publikasi pertama dengan karya yang dilisensikan secara bersamaan di bawah Lisensi Atribusi Creative Commons yang memungkinkan orang lain untuk membagikan karya tersebut dengan pengakuan atas penulisan karya dan publikasi awal dalam jurnal ini.
- Penulis dapat membuat pengaturan kontrak tambahan yang terpisah untuk distribusi non-eksklusif dari versi terbitan jurnal dari karya tersebut (misalnya, mempostingnya ke penyimpanan institusional atau menerbitkannya dalam sebuah buku), dengan pengakuan dari publikasi awalnya di jurnal ini.
- Penulis diizinkan dan didorong untuk memposting karya mereka secara online (misalnya, di repositori institusional atau di situs web mereka) sebelum dan selama proses pengiriman, karena hal itu dapat mengarah pada pertukaran yang produktif, serta kutipan yang lebih awal dan lebih besar dari karya yang diterbitkan.
