The Effect of a Contextual-Based E-Module Using Flip PDF Professional on Students' Learning Outcomes in the Animal Structure Course: The Skeletal System Subtopic

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the effect of a contextual-based e-module developed using Flip PDF Professional on students' learning outcomes in the Animal Structure course, particularly the Skeletal System subtopic. The study employed a quasi-experimental method using a Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The research was conducted at the Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Medan, involving 80 students selected through purposive sampling and assigned to an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group received instruction using a contextual-based e-module developed with Flip PDF Professional, whereas the control group was taught using conventional learning materials consisting of PowerPoint presentations and printed textbooks. The research instrument was a 36-item multiple-choice achievement test that had been validated for content validity, reliability, item difficulty, and discrimination index. The collected data were analyzed using an independent-samples t-test and normalized gain (N-Gain) analysis. The results revealed that the mean pre-test scores of the control and experimental groups were 60.24 and 60.99, respectively. After the intervention, the mean post-test scores increased to 76.43 in the control group and 88.60 in the experimental group. The control group achieved an N-Gain score of 0.40 (moderate category), while the experimental group obtained an N-Gain score of 0.70 (high category). Furthermore, the independent-samples t-test yielded a significance value of 0.001 (p < 0.05), indicating a statistically significant difference in learning outcomes between the two groups. These findings demonstrate that the contextual-based e-module developed using Flip PDF Professional significantly improved students' learning outcomes in the Skeletal System subtopic.