Komutasi Hukuman Mati dalam KUHP 2023: Sebuah Perspektif Hukum Hak Asasi Manusia
Keywords:
hak asasi manusia, hukuman mati, komunitas hukum, KUHP, human rights, death penalty, commutation of sentenceAbstract
Tulisan ini memfokuskan pada kajian kebijakan komutasi hukum mati yang diadopsi dalam KUHP baru Indonesia tahun 2023. Pengubahan hukuman ini diklaim sebagai kebijakan ala Indonesia (Indonesian way) yang dinilai lebih mampu membawa perubahan fundamental dalam proses bertahap menuju penghapusan hukuman mati. Studi kepustakaan digunakan untuk menggali norma-norma hukum hukuman mati dan komutasi hukuman mati dalam pengaturan KUHP. Selain itu, juga merujuk pada doktrin hukum penghapusan hukuman mati di dunia dalam kaitannya dengan penghormatan dan perlindungan HAM. Studi komutasi hukuman mati di Indonesia masih relatif terbatas karena belum dipandang populer untuk menjelaskan pentingnya upaya moratorium dan bahkan penghapusan praktik hukuman mati di Indonesia. Tulisan ini menemukan kendala penerapan norma hukum yang signifikan dalam tata kelola komutasi hukuman mati. Selain ada banyak aktor yang terlibat, praksis komutasi hukuman mati yang jauh dari pendekatan HAM, akan berimplikasi negatif pada akses keadilan yang inklusif dan non-diskriminatif. Dibutuhkan penguatan kebijakan komutasi hukuman mati dan pengembangkan basis norma-norma hukum yang jelas terkait mekanisme penilaian dan evaluasi korektif atas kebijakan komutasi hukuman mati pasca-berlakunya KUHP baru ini di tahun 2026.
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This paper focuses on an analysis of the death penalty commutation policy adopted in Indonesia’s new Criminal Code of 2023. This modification of the penalty is claimed to be an “Indonesian way” policy that is considered better able to bring about fundamental change in the gradual process toward the abolition of the death penalty. A literature review was used to explore the legal norms regarding the death penalty and commutation of the death penalty within the framework of the Criminal Code. Additionally, it references global legal doctrines on the abolition of the death penalty in relation to the respect for and protection of human rights. Studies on the commutation of the death penalty in Indonesia remain relatively limited, as the topic has not yet gained widespread attention to highlight the importance of efforts toward a moratorium and even the abolition of the death penalty in Indonesia. This paper identifies significant obstacles to the application of legal norms in the governance of death penalty commutation. In addition to the many actors involved, death penalty commutation practices that deviate from a human rights-based approach will have negative implications for access to inclusive and non-discriminatory justice. There is a need to strengthen death penalty commutation policies and develop a clear legal framework regarding mechanisms for assessment and corrective evaluation of death penalty commutation policies following the implementation of the new Criminal Code in 2026.
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