Etnobotani dan Etnozoologi Pengobatan Pada Suku Mandailing di Kecamatan Natal Kabupaten Mandailing Natal

Abstract

This study aims to reveal and document belief systems, local knowledge systems, utilization practices related to plants and animals used as traditional medicine, knowing the value of the Index of Cultural Significance (ICS). This research was conducted in February-May 2023 in Pasar I Natal Village, Pasar II Natal Village, and Pasar III Natal Village, Natal District, Mandailing Natal Regency. This type of research is descriptive qualitative and quantitative. This study uses two approaches, namely the emic and ethical approaches. In this study also used key informants (key informants). Data collection techniques were carried out through semi-structured interviews, participatory observation, and documentation. Data analysis used the formula for cultural values/Index of Cultural Significance (ICS). The results of this study indicate that the Mandailing tribe utilizes 55 plant species included in the 35 most widely used families, namely the Zingiberaceae family and 14 animal species included in the 7 most widely used classes, namely the Mammalia class. The most widely used plant habitus is herb. The organs of plant species that are most widely used are leaves and the organs of animal species are all parts of the body. The most widely used method of processing plants is boiling and processing of animals as a traditional medicine that is often used is boiling, burning and without processing. The way to use plants as traditional medicine that is often used is to drink it and the way to use animals as traditional medicine that is often used is to eat it. The cultural importance values/Index of Cultural Significance (ICS) of plants utilized by the Mandailing Tribe which have the highest value are coconut (Cocos nucifera) and Turmeric (Curcuma domesstica) with an ICS value of 86 each.

Keywords: Ethnobotany, Ethnozoology, Traditional Medicine, Mandailing Ethnic, ICS