Spatial Negotiation between Patients and Caregivers in Outpatient Administrative Settings: A Design Anthropology Perspective in Regional General Hospital dr. Iskak
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24114/gr.v15i1.73318Keywords:
Spatial Interaction, Partients, Caregivers, Negotiations, AccessibilityAbstract
In the realm of healthcare facilities, accessibility is commonly perceived as a physical and technical condition, often evaluated through spatial standards and design compliance. However, such an approach tends to overlook the intricate nature of real user interactions within healthcare settings. This study endeavors to investigate accessibility as a relational and experiential process, specifically focusing on the interaction between patients, caregivers, and space within the outpatient installation of Regional General Hospital dr. Iskak. Employing a qualitative approach within a design anthropology perspective, this research utilizes limited participatory observation, visual documentation, and field notes to gather data from patients with mobility impairments and their caregivers. The analysis employs a thick description approach to interpret behavioral patterns, spatial negotiation, and user experiences in actual use settings. The findings reveal that accessibility is not an isolated individual condition but is constructed through the relational interaction between patients and caregivers. Spatial use is characterized by distributed activities, role negotiation, and adaptive behaviors in response to spatial constraints. Users actively appropriate space and reorganize spatial use to maintain comfort and coordination, indicating that accessibility emerges through everyday practices and embodied interaction. This study underscores the limitations of conventional universal design approaches, which primarily concentrate on individual users and physical standards. It proposes a shift toward contextual, interaction-based, and experience-oriented design frameworks that more accurately reflect real-use conditions. These findings contribute to expanding the comprehension of accessibility as a dynamic and relational phenomenon within healthcare environments.
References
Agustina, M. A., & Saragi, D. S. (2018a). STUDI PENATAAN TAMAN SEKOLAH PENERIMA ADIWIYATA DI KABUPATEN LANGKAT DITINJAU DARI SEGI PRINSIP DESAIN TAMAN. Gorga : Jurnal Seni Rupa, 7(1), 31. https://doi.org/10.24114/gr.v7i1.10849
Ayu, S. B., & Sakya, K. A. (2021). Studi Penerapan Desain Universal Terhadap Aksesibilitas Pasien Dengan Keterbatasan Fisik Di Rsud Dr Iskak. Jurnal Arsitektur ARCADE, 5(1), 1–12.
Berg, C. A., & Upchurch, R. (2007). A developmental-contextual model of couples coping with chronic illness across the adult life span. Psychological Bulletin, 133(6), 920–954. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.133.6.920
Boys, J. (2014). Doing Disability Differently. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315777559
Cordeaux, E., Amsdr, I., Easton, J., Reid, M., Andiappan, M., Gotlib Conn, L., & Kuluski, K. (2025). Facilitating patient and care partner voicing in healthcare: A precursor to meaningful collaboration between patients, care partners, and healthcare professionals. International Journal of Integrated Care, 25, 559. https://doi.org/10.5334/ijic.ICIC24259
Dalton, R. C., Hölscher, C., & Turner, A. (2012). Understanding Space: The Nascent Synthesis of Cognition and the Syntax of Spatial Morphologies. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 39(1), 7–11. https://doi.org/10.1068/b3901ge
Epstein, R. M., & Street Jr, R. L. (2007). Patient-centered communication in cancer care: promoting healing and reducing suffering.
Falahi, Y., & Larasati, D. (2024). An Analysis of Sustainable Design Concept Implementation in Product Design Final Projects. Gorga : Jurnal Seni Rupa, 13(2), 551–559. https://doi.org/10.24114/GR.V13I2.63295
Frampton, S. B., Guastello, S., Hoy, L., Naylor, M., Sheridan, S., & Johnston-Fleece, M. (2017). Harnessing evidence and experience to change culture: A guiding framework for patient and family engaged care. NAM Perspectives.
Geertz, C. (2008). Thick description: Toward an interpretive theory of culture. In The cultural geography reader (pp. 41–51). Routledge.
Gifford, R., Steg, L., & Reser, J. P. (2011). Environmental Psychology. In IAAP Handbook of Applied Psychology (pp. 440–470). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444395150.ch18
Hamraie, A. (2017). Building Access. University of Minnesota Press. https://doi.org/10.5749/minnesota/9781517901639.001.0001
Hasanah, Z., & Grahita, B. (2024). PERANCANGAN APLIKASI MOBILE œTEMAN TIROID SEBAGAI MEDIA SELF-MONITORING UNTUK PASIEN TIROID. Gorga : Jurnal Seni Rupa, 13(1), 73–82. https://doi.org/10.24114/gr.v13i01.55538
Heylighen, A., Van der Linden, V., & Van Steenwinkel, I. (2017). Ten questions concerning inclusive design of the built environment. Building and Environment, 114, 507–517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.12.008
Hussein, M. F. F., & Abubakar, I. R. (2025). Perspectives of Families and Healthcare Staff on the Design of Inpatient Hospital Rooms in Saudi Arabia. HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal, 18(1), 122–141. https://doi.org/10.1177/19375867241279366
Imrie, R. (2012). Universalism, universal design and equitable access to the built environment. Disability and Rehabilitation, 34(10), 873–882. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2011.624250
Kholilah, A., Andeska, N., & Ghifari, M. (2019). KAJIAN ESTETIKA TIMUR PADA RUMAH ADAT SOPO GODANG MANDAILING. Gorga : Jurnal Seni Rupa, 8(2), 308. https://doi.org/10.24114/GR.V8I2.14711
Lefebvre, H. (1991). The production of space Basil Blackwell. Oxford.
Marini, G., Longhini, J., Ambrosi, E., Canzan, F., Konradsen, H., & Kabir, Z. N. (2025). Transitional Care Interventions in Improving Patient and Caregiver Outcomes After Discharge: A Scoping Review. Healthcare, 13(3), 312. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13030312
Mizumoto, J., Fujikawa, H., Izumiya, M., & Eto, M. (2025). Family caregiver facilitating access to healthcare and providing daily support for older patients: A descriptive study. Journal of General and Family Medicine, 26(6), 585–590. https://doi.org/10.1002/jgf2.70064
Pink, S., Mackley, K. L., Moroşanu, R., Mitchell, V., & Bhamra, T. (2020). Making Homes. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003085942
Siburian, S. A., Saragi, D., Harahap, S., Program, *, Pendidikan, S., Rupa, S., Seni, J., Fakultas Bahasa, R., & Seni, D. (2020). TINJAUAN TATA LETAK (LAYOUT) POSTER ANTI NARKOBA BADAN NARKOTIKA NASIONAL PROVINSI SUMATERA UTARA. Gorga : Jurnal Seni Rupa, 9(1), 01–06. https://doi.org/10.24114/GR.V9I1.16538
Syakira, K., & Saphiranti, D. (2025). Effect of Physical Elements in Counseling Room on Women’s Psychological Comfort: Pulih Foundation Case Study. Gorga : Jurnal Seni Rupa, 14(2), 591–598. https://doi.org/10.24114/GR.V14I2.66940
Tanzillah, N., & Sakya, K. A. (2024). ANALYSIS OF ADAPTIVE REUSE BUILDING FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD SCHOOL: OPTIMIZING INTERIOR DESIGN FOR CHILD DEVELOPMENT. Gorga : Jurnal Seni Rupa, 13(2), 464–474. https://doi.org/10.24114/gr.v13i2.62371
Ulrich, R. S., Zimring, C., Zhu, X., DuBose, J., Seo, H.-B., Choi, Y.-S., Quan, X., & Joseph, A. (2008). A Review of the Research Literature on Evidence-Based Healthcare Design. HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal, 1(3), 61–125. https://doi.org/10.1177/193758670800100306
WHO. (2022, December). Global report on health equity for persons with disabilities. Https://Www.Who.Int/Teams/Noncommunicable-Diseases/Sensory-Functions-Disability-and-Rehabilitation/Global-Report-on-Health-Equity-for-Persons-with-Disabilities.
Yusuff, A. A., Wiyono, E., & Rochyat, I. G. (2024). PERUMUSAN KONSEP DALAM PROSES PERANCANGAN INTERIOR RUMAH TINGGAL. Gorga : Jurnal Seni Rupa, 13(1), 313–317. https://doi.org/10.24114/GR.V13I01.58638
Zahra, N., & Mansoor, A. Z. (2024). WARNA DAN EMOSI UNTUK MEDIA DESAIN INTERAKTIF: LITERATURE REVIEW. Gorga : Jurnal Seni Rupa, 13(1), 340–345. https://doi.org/10.24114/GR.V13I01.57946
Zukhrufa, A., Pane, S. F., & Mutiara, M. W. (2024). Exploring Java-China Fusion in Interior Design of Beauty Spa and Wellness Senopati | Gorga : Jurnal Seni Rupa. Groga: Jurnal Seni Rupa, 13(2). https://jurnal.unimed.ac.id/2012/index.php/gorga/article/view/62836?articlesBySimilarityPage=5&utm_source=chatgpt.com
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Silvya Bintang Ayu Candradewi, Rizka Rachmawati
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright
Authors published in this journal agree to the following terms:
- The copyright of each article is retained by the author (s).
- The author grants the journal the first publication rights with the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, allowing others to share the work with an acknowledgment of authorship and the initial publication in this journal.
- Authors may enter into separate additional contractual agreements for the non-exclusive distribution of published journal versions of the work (for example, posting them to institutional repositories or publishing them in a book), with acknowledgment of their initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (For example in the Institutional Repository or on their website) before and during the submission process, as this can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and larger citations of published work.
- Articles and all related material published are distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
License
Gorga : Jurnal Seni Rupa is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
