PERENCANAAN KONDENSOR TIPE KOIL VERTIKAL UNTUK KONDENSASI UAP PIROLISA BIOMASSA TEMPURUNG KELAPA

Janter Pangaduan Simanjuntak

Abstract


Proses pirolisis sejatinya adalah proses pembakaran tidak langsung atau proses pemanasan terhadap biomassa pada suhu tinggi (250 – 650) oC. Proses pirolisa menghasilkan uap panas atau sering disebut dengan uap pirolisis ataupun volatiles. Uap pirolisis akan berubah wujud menjadi cairan (condensate) bila didinginkan. Selain menghasilkan cairan juga menghasilkan gas yang dapat terbakar (producer gas). Tujuan kajian ini adalah mendesain dan menguji secara teoritis alat kondensasi asap pirolisis dari biomassa. Untuk proses kondensasi dibutuhkan alat perpindahan panas (heat exchanger) dimana panas laten yang dimiliki uap pirolisis harus segera dibuang (reject) menggunakan cairan pendingin (coolant) agar suhunya menurun hingga mendekati suhu saturasinya sehingga proses kondensasi dapat berlangsung. Kondensor tabung-koil spiral vertical (shell-coiled tubes) dapat menjadi solusi untuk masalah kondensasi uap panas pirolisis biomassa bila direncanakan dengan tepat. Kondensor jenis ini sangat simple dan mudah dalam hal maintenance. Merencanakan kondensor tipe tabung-koil berdasarkan analisis hidrodinamik membawa para perancang (engineer) semakin dekat dengan alat pendingin uap pirolisis dengan kinerja yang tinggi. Dari hasil analisis bahwa penambahan jumlah gulungan koil dapat meningkatkan efektifitas pendinginan.

Full Text:

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24114/jip.v2i3.38125

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