Navigating the AI Disruption: How Digital Literacy and Artificial Intelligence Competency Direct Student Civic Disposition
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24114//jk.23.2.75507.511-527Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence, Civic Disposition, Digital Literacy, Student, Universitas TidarAbstract
This research investigates the influence of digital literacy on the civic disposition of students, with the use of AI as a moderating variable. The study employs an explanatory survey design. An online Likert-scale questionnaire was used to gather data from students in the Information Technology Study Program at Universitas Tidar who took the Citizenship Education course. The instrument has been tested for validity and reliability through a pilot study. Linear regression and moderation regression were used to evaluate the data. The findings suggest that digital literacy had a significant and positive effect on civic disposition, explaining 60.8% of its variance, while the use of AI has not been proven to significantly moderate the relationship. However, when positioned as an independent variable, AI usage actually has a direct and substantial impact on civic disposition, with the combined model explaining 73.2% of its variance. These findings imply that the formation of students’ civic disposition in the periode of AI disruption requires strengthening digital literacy alongside the capacity to utilize AI critically and responsibly as two complementary competencies.
References
Ahadi, G. D., & Zain, N. N. L. E. (2023). Pemeriksaan Uji Kenormalan dengan Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Anderson-Darling dan Shapiro-Wilk. Eigen Mathematics Journal, 6(1), 11–19. https://doi.org/10.29303/emj.v6i1.131
Asrat, C. A., Makkulau, & Yahya, I. (2025). Perbandingan Metode Principal Component Analysis (PCA) dan Partial Least Square (PLS) dalam Penanganan Multikolinearitas pada Kasus Kemiskinan di Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara Tahun 2023. Arus Jurnal Sains Dan Teknologi, 3(1), 68–82. https://doi.org/10.57250/ajst.v3i1.1164
Bastani, H., Bastani, O., Sungu, A., Ge, H., Kabakcı, Ö., & Mariman, R. (2025). Generative AI without Guardrails Can Harm Learning: Evidence from High School mathematics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 122(26). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2422633122
Bella, J. E., Maramis, J. B., & Rumokoy, L. J. (2024). Pengaruh Dividend Payout Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio, dan Firm Size Terhadap Keputusan Share Repurchase Pada Perusahaan Nideks Kompas100 Yang Terdaftar di Bei. Jurnal EMBA, 12(4), 237–249. https://doi.org/10.35794/emba.v12i4.58799
Bessong, C. D., Ewuru, A. A., Bessong, N. O., Omang, T. N., Olori, G. I., Patrick, E. O., Olofu, A. P., & Olori, C. N. (2024). Digital Literacy and Its Effect on Learners’ Civic Engagement in Adult and Vocational Education in Nigeria. Masyarakat, Kebudayaan Dan Politik, 37(4), 418–431. https://doi.org/10.20473/mkp.V37I42024.418-431
Bila, N. S., Wahyuni, F. D., & Nurgiansah, T. H. (2023). Peran Penting Civics: Pendidikan Ilmu Kewarganegaraan di Era Masyarakat Digital. Jurnal Kewarganegaraan, 20(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.24114/jk.v20i1.39530
Chan, C. K. Y., & Hu, W. (2023). Students’ Voices on Generative AI: Perceptions, Benefits, and Challenges in Higher Education. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 20(1), 43. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-023-00411-8
Chang, C.-Y., & Kuo, H.-C. (2025). The Development and Validation of the Digital Literacy Questionnaire and the Evaluation of Students’ Digital Literacy. Education and Information Technologies, 30(9), 11549–11581. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-024-13216-7
Fajri, I., Budimansyah, D., & Komalasari, K. (2022). Digital Citizenship In Civic Education Learning: A Systematic Literature Review. Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun, 10(3), 833–854. https://doi.org/10.26811/peuradeun.v10i3.755
Fatmawati, & Lubis, A. S. (2020). Pengaruh Perilaku Kewirausahaan Terhadap Kemampuan Manajerial Pada Pedagang Pakaian Pusat Pasar Kota Medan. Jurnal Muhammadiyah Manajemen Bisnis, 1(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.24853/jmmb.1.1.1-10
Firdausya, F. A., & Indawati, R. (2023). Perbandingan Uji Glejser dan Uji Park dalam Mendeteksi Heteroskedastisitas Pada Angka Kematian Ibu di Provinsi Jawa Timur Tahun 2020. Jurnal Ners, 7(1), 793–796. https://doi.org/10.31004/jn.v7i1.14069
Ghasemi, A., & Zahediasl, S. (2012). Normality Tests for Statistical Analysis: A Guide for Non-Statisticians. International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 10(2), 486–489. https://doi.org/10.5812/ijem.3505
Ghozali, I. (2006). Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate dengan Program SPSS. Badan penerbit universitas Diponegoro Semarang.
Gu, M. M., Huang, C. F., & Lee, C.-K. K. J. (2023). Investigating University Students’ Digital Citizenship Development through the Lens of Digital Literacy Practice: A Translingual and Transemiotizing perspective. Linguistics and Education, 77(July), 101226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.linged.2023.101226
Heafner, T., & Maxwell, D. (2025). CIVIC: Five Pillars for Using Artificial Intelligence in Social Studies Education. Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education, 25(4), 648–686. https://www.learntechlib.org/p/224971/
Hodriani, Pinem, W., Sutrisno, Safitri, I., & Bahauddin, N. A. binti B. (2025). Integrating Civic Engagement to Foster Soft Skills and Teacher Professionalism. Jurnal Kewarganegaraan, 22(2), 228–245. https://doi.org/10.24114/jk.v22i2.66124
Iskandar, R., Maksum, A., & Marini, A. (2025). Digital Citizenship Literacy in Indonesia: The Role of Privacy Awareness and Social Campaigns. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 12, 101697. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2025.101697
Jenkins, A. I. S., & Torres-Zapata, Á. E. (2025). Design and Validation of an Instrument to Assess Social and Civic Competencies in Secondary School Students. Journal of Cultural Analysis and Social Change, 392–399. https://doi.org/10.64753/jcasc.v10i3.2423
Kahne, J., & Bowyer, B. (2017). Educating for Democracy in a Partisan Age. American Educational Research Journal, 54(1), 3–34. https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831216679817
Kestin, G., Miller, K., Klales, A., Milbourne, T., & Ponti, G. (2025). AI Tutoring Outperforms In-class Active Learning: An RCT Introducing a Novel Research-based Design in an Authentic Educational Setting. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 17458. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-97652-6
Kops, M., Schittenhelm, C., & Wachs, S. (2025). Young People and False Information: A Scoping Review of Responses, Influential Factors, Consequences, and Prevention Programs. Computers in Human Behavior, 169, 108650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2025.108650
Kurniawati, J., & Baroroh, S. (2016). Literasi Media Digital Mahasiswa Universitas Muhammadiyah Bengkulu. Jurnal Komunikator, 8(2), 51–66. https://journal.umy.ac.id/index.php/jkm/article/view/2069
Lee, J. Y., Min, Y. H., Yim, J., Park, K. H., & Yune, S. J. (2025). Mediating Effect of Technostress on the Relationship Between Artificial Intelligence Literacy and Attitude Toward Digital Technology among Health Professions Students: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach. Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science, 43(7). https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2026.43.7
Li, F., Cheng, L., Wang, X., Shen, L., Ma, Y., & Islam, A. Y. M. A. (2025). The Causal Relationship between Digital Literacy and Students’ Academic Achievement: a Meta-Analysis. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 12(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-04399-6
Marten, P. L., & Stadtler, M. (2025). Building Resilience Against Online Misinformation: A Teacher-led Training Promoting Evaluation Strategies among Lower Secondary Students. Computers in Human Behavior, 165, 108548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2024.108548
Mazid, S., Wulansari, A., Komalasari, K., Abdulkarim, A., Rahmat, Indah Sari, B., & Wulanjani, A. N. (2026). Exploring the Existence of Civic Dispositions in Junior High School Students: A Preliminary Study in Civic Education. Jurnal Kewarganegaraan, 23(1), 31–47. https://doi.org/10.24114/jk.v23i1.65737
Mohamed, S., & Hermansyah, S. (2024). The Role of Digital Media in Developing Civic Literacy Among High School Students in the Era of Social Transformation. SMART: Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational, 2(2), 97–107. https://doi.org/10.61677/smart.v2i2.592
Nababan, R., Dharma, S., Siahaan, P. G., Junaidi, Fatimah, U., & Faudzi, W. S. D. bin M. (2025). Transforming Civic Education Through Nationalism Projects to Strengthen Global Diversity Character in Higher Education. Jurnal Kewarganegaraan, 22(2), 160–179. https://doi.org/10.24114/jk.v22i2.65623
Novitasari, N., Syahroni, M., Sukron Mazid, Firda Aulia Izzati, & Arum Nisma Wulanjani. (2025). Civics Education Learning Based on Local Cultural Values to Strengthen Students’ Civic Disposition. Jurnal Iqra’ : Kajian Ilmu Pendidikan, 10(3), 171–179. https://doi.org/10.25217/ji.v10i3.6672
Nugroho, A. W. (2012). Pengujian Efek Moderasi Melalui Analisis Regresi Berganda. Jurnal Pengukuran Psikologi Dan Pendidikan Indonesia, 1(4), 229–242.
Patimah, Zulpan, Dite Umbara Alfansuri, El Munawaroh, & Muhammad Ilyas. (2025). Memahami dan Menerapkan Uji Korelasi dalam Analisis Data Penelitian Pendidikan. Journal Education Innovation (JEI), 3(4), 740–752. https://doi.org/10.65474/f7vd8y11
Saud, M., Ida, R., Mashud, M., Yousaf, F. N., & Ashfaq, A. (2023). Cultural Dynamics of Digital Space: Democracy, Civic Engagement and Youth Participation in Virtual Spheres. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 97, 101904. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2023.101904
Simanjuntak, E., Mulya, H. C., Engry, A., & Alfian, I. N. (2025). Dataset of Digital Literacy of University Students in Indonesia. Data in Brief, 58, 111227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2024.111227
Sudariana, N., & Yoedan. (2021). Analisis Statistik Regresi Linier Berganda. Seniman Transaction, 2(2). https://seniman.nusaputra.ac.id/index.php/seniman/article/view/40
Syahwaliana, K., Habib, T. A., Shofiyah, S. N. A., & Oki, S. (2025). Integrasi Nilai Pancasila dalam Pembentukan Civic Disposition Melalui Pendidikan Pancasila: Systematic Literature Review. Jurnal Kewarganegaraan, 22(1), 76–88. https://doi.org/10.24114/jk.v22i1.64360
Tan, L. Y., Hu, S., Yeo, D. J., & Cheong, K. H. (2025). Artificial Intelligence-enabled Adaptive Learning Platforms: A Review. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 9, 100429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100429
Tarsidi, D. Z., Suryadi, K., Budimansyah, D., & Rahmat, R. (2023). Social Media Usage and Civic Engagement among Indonesian Digital Natives: An Analysis. Jurnal Civics: Media Kajian Kewarganegaraan, 20(2), 257–269. https://doi.org/10.21831/jc.v20i2.60812
Ventivani, A., Muyassaroh, L. U., Laksana Sakti, K. F., Farhan Masrur, M., & M, K. (2024). A Measuring Tool for Assessing Digital Literacy Competence among Mandarin Language Students. International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology, 72(10), 336–343. https://doi.org/10.14445/22315381/IJETT-V72I10P132
Wang, X., Zhang, C., Qi, Y., Xing, Y., Liu, Y., Sun, J., & Luan, W. (2025). Digital Health Literacy Questionnaire for Older Adults: Instrument Development and Validation Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 27, e64193. https://doi.org/10.2196/64193
Wardhana, A., & Iba, Z. (2024). Analisis Regresi & Analisis Jalur Untuk Riset Bisnis Menggunakan SPSS 29.0 & SMART-PLS 4.0. Eureka Media Aksara.
Warlim, W., Effendi, R., Fitria, R., Ibrahim, M. M., & Hadiati, D. N. (2026). Cross-faculty Analysis of AI-enhanced Civic Character Education on Digital Citizenship Development. Frontiers in Education, 10, 1690799. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2025.1690799
Wibowo, S. A. (2025). Penggunaan EViews dalam Pengujian Data Panel untuk Penelitian Akuntansi: Pendekatan Konseptual dan Aplikatif. Reviu Akuntansi Dan Bisnis Indonesia, 9(1), 174–186. https://doi.org/10.18196/rabin.v9i1.26898
Wu, D., & Zhang, J. (2025). Generative Artificial Intelligence in Secondary Education: Applications and Effects on Students’ Innovation Skills and Digital Literacy. PLOS One, 20(5), e0323349. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0323349
Yusuf, M. A., Herman, T., Abraham, A., & Rukmana, H. (2024). Analisis Regresi Linier Sederhana dan Berganda Beserta Penerapannya. Journal on Education, 6(02), 13331–13344. https://jurnal.cahayapublikasi.com/index.php/jcn/article/view/29
Zeng, Q., Huang, X., Zhu, J., Su, S., Hu, Y., & Zhang, X. (2025). Mechanisms of Nurses’ AI Use Intention Formation in Sichuan, Yunnan, and Beijing, China: Mediating Effects of AI Literacy Via Self-efficacy-to-attitude Pathways. Frontiers in Public Health, 13, 1622802. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1622802
Zhang, C. (Xinyi), Rice, R. E., & Wang, L. H. (2026). College Students’ Literacy, ChatGPT Activities, Educational Outcomes, and Trust from a Digital Divide perspective. New Media & Society, 28(2), 673–695. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448241301741
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Novitasari, Mashud Syahroni, Firda Aulia Izzati, Arum Nisma Wulanjani
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors published with the Jurnal Kewarganegaraan agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work. (See The Effect of Open Access)
Licence
Jurnal Kewarganegaraan is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
