Bridging Local Action to Global Citizenship: Service-learning in Indonesia’s Digital Era
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24114//jk.23.2.76705.451-470Keywords:
Digital Citizenship, Global Citizenship, Higher Education, Service-learning, SustainabilityAbstract
Rapid technological advances in the digital era have brought both significant benefits and new challenges to global citizens, compelling higher education institutions to transform their approaches by adopting innovative learning methods that connect academic study with real-world societal issues. Consequently, this study aims to identify how Service-Learning pedagogy fosters Global Citizenship among university students in the digital era through direct community-based learning experiences. This study used a qualitative, multiple-case study design and collected data through observation, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis. The findings reveal that Service-Learning serves as a multidimensional space for cultivating Global Citizenship, encompassing Digital Citizenship development, covering aspects such as digital access, literacy, ethics, and security, as well as citizenship oriented toward sustainability and the shared well-being. The results indicate that reflecting on learning experiences in society bridges local issues with global responsibilities. Furthermore, the study recommends strengthening Service-Learning as a form of global citizenship education and encourages further relevant research and comparative studies to examine its impact.
References
Agazu, B. G., Dejenu, A. K., & Debela, K. L. (2022). A Comparative Review of Qualitative Research: A Guide to Design and Implementation. The Qualitative Report, 27(8), 1499–1508. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2022.5748
Ali, Y. F., & Hidayah, Y. (2021). Service-learning as a Strategy to Promote Global Citizenship in Indonesia. Society, 9(1), 124–139. https://doi.org/10.33019/society.v9i1.145
Arpannudin, I., Suyato, Murdiono, M., Charismana, D. S., Hidayah, Y., Yuanjaya, P., Mulyono, B., & Alrakhman, R. (2025). Shaping Globally Minded Young Citizens Through Islamic International Education: A Case Study of Global Islamic School in Yogyakarta. Jurnal Kewarganegaraan, 22(2), 216–227. https://doi.org/10.24114/jk.v22i2.65661
Awad, N. H. A., Ashour, H. M. A., Abouelala, R. A. S. A., Yaseen, M. M., & Awad, W. H. A. (2026). When Distress Meets Technology: The Mediating Role of AI Integration in the Link Between Nurses’ Moral Distress and Moral Integrity in Critical Care Settings. Applied Nursing Research, 88, 152065. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2026.152065
Balakrishnan, V. (2022). Civics Education in Malaysia: A Clash between Ethics, Religion and Cultural Norms. Asian Education and Development Studies, 11(4), 581–591. https://doi.org/10.1108/AEDS-09-2020-0225
Balakrishnan, V., Zubari, Y. Z., & Yee, W. M. T. (2022). Introduction to Service Learning in Malaysia. University of Malaya Press.
Beheshti, A., & Kerridge, I. (2025). Understanding the Artificial Intelligence Revolution and its Ethical Implications. Journal of Bioethical Inquiry, 22(3), 497–505. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-025-10427-6
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2023). Toward Good Practice in Thematic Analysis: Avoiding Common Problems and be(com)ing a Knowing Researcher. International Journal of Transgender Health, 24(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1080/26895269.2022.2129597
Casmana, A. R., Dewantara, J. A., Timoera, D. A., Kusmawati, A. P., & Syafrudin, I. (2023). Global Citizenship: Preparing the Younger Generation to Possess Pro-Environment Behavior, Mutual Assistance and Tolerance Awareness Through School Engagement. Globalisation, Societies and Education, 21(1), 15–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767724.2021.2013167
Choi, Y., Han, J., & Kim, H. (2026). Exploring Key Service-Learning Experiences that Promote Students’ Learning in Higher Education. Asia Pacific Education Review, 27(1), 287–302. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-023-09833-5
Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational Research: Planning, Conducting and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research (Fourth Edi). Pearson.
Fan, Y. (2025). The Role of Artificial Intelligence in the Digital Transformation of Government: Opportunities and Ethical Challenges. Frontiers in Public Health, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1694996
Fauzi, A., Wibowo Noor Fikri, A., Marhadi, A., Arif Prabaswara, B., Benyamin Situmorang, B., Anggraeni Piliyanto, E., Adilah Nasution, I., & Eka Nugraha, R. (2023). Kejahatan Penipuan Jual Beli Online Melalui Media Sosial. Jurnal Ekonomi Manajemen Sistem Informasi, 4(6), 968–974. https://doi.org/10.31933/jemsi.v4i6.1615
Ferdiansyah, S., Winarno, A., & Ardhita, Z. (2022). Service learning in Indonesia: Developing Undergraduate Students’ Leadership during COVID-19 Pandemic. Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning, 12(5), 884–899. https://doi.org/10.1108/HESWBL-06-2021-0123
Feriyansyah, Murtiningsih, S., & Nugroho, H. W. (2026). Digital Citizenship in the Dynamics of Post-Digital Education. Jurnal Kewarganegaraan, 23(1), 48–69. https://doi.org/10.24114/jk.v23i1.69367
García-Rico, L., Martínez-Muñoz, L. F., Santos-Pastor, M. L., & Chiva- Bartoll, O. (2021). Service-learning in Physical Education Teacher Education: A Pedagogical Model Towards Sustainable Development Goals. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 22(4), 747–765. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSHE-09-2020-0325
García-Romero, D., & Martínez-Lozano, V. (2022). Social Participation and Theoretical Content: Appropriation of Curricular Concepts in Service-learning. Journal of Higher Education Outreach and Engagement, 26(1), 71–87. https://openjournals.libs.uga.edu/jheoe/article/view/1504
Gesnot, R. (2025). The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Human Thought. http://arxiv.org/abs/2508.16628
Hati, S. R. H., & Latip, H. A. (2024). Behind the Curtain of Payday Lending: Revealing Consumer Insights and Ethical Challenges in Indonesia and the USA Using Web-scraping methods. International Journal of Ethics and Systems, 40(2), 436–452. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES-03-2023-0060
Hidayah, Y. (2022). A New Version of Indonesian Citizenship Strategies for Promoting Global Citizenship: Service-Learning Approaches in Higher Education. AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, 14(3), 3889–3902. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v14i3.1178
Hidayat, O. T. (2023). Partisipasi Warga Negara Digital Terhadap Proses Demokrasi Pancasila. Antroposen: Journal of Social Studies and Humaniora, 2(2), 145–154. https://doi.org/10.33830/antroposen.v2i2.5577
Hidayat, O. T., & Balakrishnan, V. (2024a). Developing Moral Education Through Service Learning: Indonesia Higher Education Context. Asian Journal of University Education, 20(2), 272–286. https://doi.org/10.24191/ajue.v20i2.27006
Hidayat, O. T., & Balakrishnan, V. (2024b). Service Learning in Higher Education Institution Towards Character Education Curriculum: A Systematic Literature Review. The Asia Pacific Journal of Curriculum and Teaching, 12(2), 9–21. https://doi.org/10.22452/juku.vol12no2.2
Hidayat, O. T., Balakrishnan, V., & Drupadi, R. (2025). Pengantar Service Learning di Indonesia. Muhammadiyah University Press.
Khalid, B., & Kurowska-Pysz, J. (2024). Towards Global Citizenship–Role of Cross Border Higher Education Across the ASEAN Region. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE), 13(5), 3293–3305. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v13i5.29441
Kolb, D. A. (1984). Experiential Learning: Experience as the Source of Learning and Development (2nd ed.). Prentice Hall.
Leach Sankofa, N. (2022). Transformativist Measurement Development Methodology: A Mixed Methods Approach to Scale Construction. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 16(3), 307–327. https://doi.org/10.1177/15586898211033698
Lough, B. J., & McBride, A. M. (2014). Navigating the Boundaries of Active Global Citizenship. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 39(3), 457–469. https://doi.org/10.1111/tran.12035
Lund, B. D., Lee, T. H., Mannuru, N. R., & Arutla, N. (2025). AI and Academic Integrity: Exploring Student Perceptions and Implications for Higher Education. Journal of Academic Ethics, 23(3), 1545–1565. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10805-025-09613-3
McDougle, L. M., & Li, H. (2023). Service-Learning in Higher Education and Prosocial Identity Formation. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 52(3), 611–630. https://doi.org/10.1177/08997640221108140
Mezirow, J. (1990). Fostering Critical Reflection in Adulthood. Jossey-Bass.
Mironesco, M. (2021). Service-Learning and Civic Engagement: Environmental Awareness in Hawai‘i. Journal of Political Science Education, 17(sup1), 583–598. https://doi.org/10.1080/15512169.2020.1777146
Mtawa, N. N., & Nkhoma, N. M. (2020). Service-learning as a Higher Education Pedagogy for Advancing Citizenship, Conscientization and Civic Agency: A Capability Informed View. Higher Education Pedagogies, 5(1), 110–131. https://doi.org/10.1080/23752696.2020.1788969
Mulyani, H., Komalasari, K., Permatasari, M., Bribin, M. L., & Suriaman, S. (2024). Transformasi Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Global di Era Abad 21: Analisis Implementasi dan Tantangan. Jurnal Kewarganegaraan, 21(1), 88–101. https://doi.org/10.24114/jk.v21i1.55115
Naz, Z., Baig, H. M., & Parveen, S. (2025). Artificial Intelligence and the Decline of Critical Thinking: A Hidden Academic Crisis in Contemporary Education Systems. Review of Education, Administration & Law, 9(1), 53–65. https://doi.org/10.47067/real.v9i1.472
Nugroho, D. A., Kusdarini, E., Akalili, A., Marzuki, & Kayen, H. S. (2026). Lifelong Citizenship: Integrating Ecological Values Into Podcaster-Based Digital Learning. Jurnal Kewarganegaraan, 23(1), 14–30. https://doi.org/10.24114/jk.v23i1.68813
Nugroho, F. A., Iqbal, M., Ramadhan, F., Swastika, A., & Hidayat, O. T. (2023). Implementasi Service Learning di SD Muhammadiyah Program Khusus Ampel, Boyolali. Buletin KKN Pendidikan, 5(1), 65–73. https://doi.org/10.23917/bkkndik.v5i1.22008
Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. (2026). Statistik Fintech Lending Periode Awal 2026. Otoritas Jasa Keuangan.
Pahwa, M., Cavanagh, A., & Vanstone, M. (2023). Key Informants in Applied Qualitative Health Research. Qualitative Health Research, 33(14), 1251–1261. https://doi.org/10.1177/10497323231198796
Patton, M. Q. (2014). Qualitative Research & Evaluation Methods: Integrating Theory and Practice. Sage publications.
Petersen, N., & Henning, E. (2018). Service Learning and the Practice of Social Justice and Care. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 28(4), 436–448. https://doi.org/10.1080/10911359.2017.1418697
Pikhart, M., & Al-Obaydi, L. H. (2025). Reporting the Potential Risk of Using AI in Higher Education: Subjective Perspectives of Educators. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 18, 100693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2025.100693
Prasetiyo, W. H., Naidu, N. B. M., Sari, B. I., & Dewantara, J. A. (2025). Assessing Digital Competence in Indonesian Students: Demographic and Internet usage Factors through the Rasch Model. Journal of E-Learning and Knowledge Society, 21(2), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.20368/1971-8829/1135991
Prasetiyo, W. H., Naidu, N. B. M., Sari, B. I., Mustofa, R. H., Rahmawati, N., Wijaya, G. P. A., & Hidayat, O. T. (2021). Survey Data of Internet Skills, Internet Attitudes, Computer Self-efficacy, and Digital Citizenship among Students in Indonesia. Data in Brief, 39, 107569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2021.107569
Prasetiyo, W. H., Sari, B. I., Mahadir Naidu, N. B., & Nurlaili, N. G. (2024). Students’ Digital Citizenship in Ubiquitous Technology: A Comprehensive Model based on DC-REP Framework, Internet Attitudes, Computer Self-efficacy, and Internet Skills. Education and Information Technologies, 29(17), 23185–23224. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-024-12761-5
Prasetiyo, W. H., Sumardjoko, B., Muhibbin, A., Naidu, N. B. M., Muthali’in, A., Mahadir Naidu, N. B., Muthali’in, A., Naidu, N. B. M., & Muthali’in, A. (2023). Promoting Digital Citizenship among Student-Teachers: The Role of Project-Based Learning in Improving Appropriate Online Behaviors. Participatory Educational Research, 10(1), 389–407. https://doi.org/10.17275/per.23.21.10.1
Pudasaini, S., Miralles-Pechuán, L., Lillis, D., & Llorens Salvador, M. (2025). Survey on AI-Generated Plagiarism Detection: The Impact of Large Language Models on Academic Integrity. Journal of Academic Ethics, 23(3), 1137–1170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10805-024-09576-x
Resch, K., & Schrittesser, I. (2023). Using the Service-Learning approach to bridge the gap between theory and practice in teacher education. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 27(10), 1118–1132. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2021.1882053
Ribble, M. (2015). Digital Citizenship in Schools: Nine Elements All Students Should Know (5th ed.). International Society for Technology in Education.
Ribble, M. (2017). Digital Citizenship in Education: Nine Elements All Students Should Know. International Society for Technology in Education.
Ribble, M., & Bailey, G. (2011). Digital Citizenship in Schools (First Edit). International Society for Technology in Education.
Salam, M., Awang Iskandar, D. N., Ibrahim, D. H. A., & Farooq, M. S. (2019). Service Learning in Higher Education: A Systematic Literature Review. Asia Pacific Education Review, 20(4), 573–593. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-019-09580-6
Saleem, A., Deeba, F., & Raza, M. A. (2022). Global Citizenship Education: A New Approach to Global Citizenship Development. Perennial Journal of History, 3(2), 392–409. https://doi.org/10.52700/pjh.v3i2.131
Selmo, L. (2020). Higher Education and Digitalization: E-Service-Learning, A New Methodology for Developing Professional Competences. In International Perspectives on Policies, Practices & Pedagogies for Promoting Social Responsibility in Higher Education (pp. 133–145). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/S2055-364120200000032010
Sim, J. B.-Y., & Choo, S. S. (2025). Advancing Values Education in the Asia-Pacific: Philosophical, Policy, and Pedagogical Perspectives. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 45(5), 1417–1430. https://doi.org/10.1080/02188791.2025.2603744
Simangunsong, E. (2020). Cyberbullying: Identification of Factors Affecting the Quality of Higher Education in Indonesia. Education, Sustainability And Society, 3(1), 15–29. https://doi.org/10.26480/ess.01.2020.15.19
Sugiarto, A., Sriyatun, Saptarini, N., Suparman, & Hariadi, S. (2026). Penyuluhan Literasi Digital Mengenai Risiko Pinjaman Online Ilegal dan Perjudian Online. Jurnal Medika: Medika, 5(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.31004/wyvg8y62
Suriaman, Darmawan, C., Sapriya, Suryadi, K., & Karman. (2026). Integrating Augmented Reality and Digital Citizenship in Civic Education: A Systematic Literature Review. Jurnal Kewarganegaraan, 23(1), 207–230. https://doi.org/10.24114/65r7nh79
Susanto, E., & Budimansyah, D. (2022). Membangun Keadaban Digital Warganet Indonesia dalam Perspektif Kewarganegaraan Digital. Jurnal Citizenship: Media Publikasi Pendidikan Pancasila Dan Kewarganegaraan, 5(1), 18. https://doi.org/10.12928/citizenship.v5i1.23347
Tan, S. Y., & Soo, S. H. J. (2020). Service-learning and the Development of Student Teachers in Singapore. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 40(2), 263–276. https://doi.org/10.1080/02188791.2019.1671809
Tomaszewski, L. E., Zarestky, J., & Gonzalez, E. (2020). Planning Qualitative Research: Design and Decision Making for New Researchers. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 19, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406920967174
Watson, S. W. (2024). Applications of Service Learning in Higher Education. IGI Global.
Yemini, M., Goren, H., & Maxwell, C. (2018). Global Citizenship Education in the Era Of Mobility, Conflict and Globalisation. British Journal of Educational Studies, 66(4), 423–432. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071005.2018.1533103
Yin, R. K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6 (ed.)). SAGE Publications.
Yodpet, W., Salvador Quetzal, A., Siek, N., Vebrina Sihite, F., Alegado, P. J. E., Balakrishnan, V., Green, B., & Hollings, S. (2023). International Education within ASEAN and the Rise of Asian Century. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 55(1), 21–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2022.2080545
Yulianti, N., Ulfain, Masitoh, I., Suhartini, & Kencana, L. (2024). Edukasi Bahaya Pinjol Ilegal dan Judol serta Pencegahannya pada Remaja Desa Purbawinangun Kabupaten Cirebon. ALMUJTAMAE: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 4(2), 141–153. https://doi.org/10.30997/almujtamae.v4i2.15143
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Obby Taufik Hidayat, John Gyun Yeol Park

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors published with the Jurnal Kewarganegaraan agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work. (See The Effect of Open Access)
Licence

Jurnal Kewarganegaraan is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.







