ANALISIS KENDALA PENERAPAN PENDIDIKAN INKLUSI DI INDONES

Abstract

Abstract: This study aims to analyze the constraints of the implementation of inclusive education in Indonesia at the policy and practice level of schools. This research uses a qualitative-descriptive approach through conceptual analysis and literature studies on policy documents and relevant research. The results of the study show that the implementation of inclusive education still faces multidimensional obstacles, including the limitation of special supervisors, the low pedagogical readiness of regular teachers, the inequality of accessible infrastructure, weak governance and financing, the lack of optimal assessment of learning needs, and socio-cultural resistance that still raises stigma against students with special needs. These obstacles are interrelated and have an impact on the uneven quality of inclusive services in schools. This study concludes that strengthening teacher capacity, providing technical support and assessment services, equitable distribution of accessible facilities, clarity of funding schemes, and partnerships between schools, families, and communities are strategic steps to realize effective, equitable, and sustainable inclusive education.

Keyword: inclusive education, implementation barriers, accessibility, teachers, collaboration

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kendala penerapan pendidikan inklusi di Indonesia pada tingkat kebijakan dan praktik sekolah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif – deskriptif melalui telaah konseptual dan studi literatur terhadap dokumen kebijakan serta penelitian relevan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi pendidikan inklusi masih menghadapi hambatan multidimensi, meliputi keterbatasan guru pembimbing khusus, rendahnya kesiapan pedagogis guru reguler, ketimpangan sarana prasarana aksesibel, kelemahan tata kelola dan pembiayaan, belum optimalnya asesmen kebutuhan belajar, serta resistensi sosial-budaya yang masih memunculkan stigma terhadap peserta didik berkebutuhan khusus. Hambatan tersebut saling berkaitan dan berdampak pada belum meratanya kualitas layanan inklusif di sekolah. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa penguatan kapasitas guru, penyediaan dukungan teknis dan layanan asesmen, pemerataan fasilitas aksesibel, kejelasan skema pendanaan, serta kemitraan sekolah, keluarga, masyarakat merupakan langkah strategis untuk mewujudkan pendidikan inklusi yang efektif, adil, dan berkelanjutan.

Kata Kunci: pendidikan inklusi, kendala implementasi, aksesibilitas, guru, kolaborasi.