.png)
Paper making and characterization from waste coconut and tofu dregs
Abstract
Research on paper made from coconut and tofu waste has been carried out using the alkalization method of separation technique, with the optimum composition as follows: NaOH concentration used is 3.0% and cooking temperature is 100 0C and the time required is 90 minutes. The results of the catheterization test of paper made from coconut dregs and tofu have a water content of 3.2%; pH 6.9, pulp content 65.75%; cellulose content 80.22%; lignin content 18.27%. The results of the FT-IR spectrum analysis of coconut pulp and tofu pulp are suitable for use as raw materials for making paper because they contain cellulose fibers. This is indicated by the appearance of the O-H hydroxyl group which is observed at a wavenumber of 3312 cm-1. Based on the SEM results, the surface morphology of the coconut pulp and tofu combination paper shows that the surface structure is the denser the fiber bonds, the smaller the fiber diameter, the better the mechanical properties. The results of the research conclusions explain that, paper made from coconut and tofu waste has met the requirements set by SNI 14-0444-1989.
Keywords: Paper, Cellulose, Coconut pulp, Tofu pulp, LigninFull Text:
PDFReferences
Abdel-Aal, M. A. (2013). Effect of cooking time, active alkali concentration and refining process on the pulping and papermaking properties of buttonwood residues (Conocarpus erectus L.). World Applied Sciences Journal, 27(1), 01-09.
Abd El-Sayed, E. S., El-Sakhawy, M., & El-Sakhawy, M. A.-M. (2020). Non-wood fibers as raw material for pulp and paper industry. Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal, 35(2), 215–230. DOI:10.1515/npprj-2019-0064
Amit, K., Nakachew, M., Yilkal, B., & Mukesh, Y. (2018). A review of factors affecting enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated lignocellulosic biomass. Res J Chem Environ, 22(7), 62-67.
Apriani, R., Manik, N. N., Mahardhika, E. H., & Inayatullah, M. J. (2020). Study on the utilization of palm fruit waste as a pulp raw material organosolv method with hydrothermal pretreatment. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1456, 012003. DOI:10.1088/1742-6596/1456/1/012003
Aprianti, T. (2019). Utilization of sugarcane bagasse and banana midrib mixture as raw materials for paper making using acetosolve method. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 620, 012020. DOI:10.1088/1757-899x/620/1/012020
Aritonang, B., Tamrin, T., Wirjosentono, B., & Eddiyanto, E. (2018). Functionalization of cyclic natural rubber (CNR) with oleic acid and divinylbenzene as compatibilizer in variation of dicumylperoxide. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2049, 020060. DOI:10.1063/1.5082465
Aritonang, B., Tamrin, T., Wirjosentono, B., & Eddiyanto, E. (2019). Grafting of oleic acid on cyclic natural rubber resiprene-35 using dicumyl peroxide initiator and divinylbenzene compatibilizers for paint binder in polyamide thermoplastics. Oriental Journal of Chemistry, 35(1), 173–179. DOI:10.13005/ojc/350119
Aritonang, B., Tamrin, Wirjosentono, B., & Eddiyanto. (2020a). Grafting copolymer cylic natural rubber with oleic acid using dicumyl peroxide as initiator. AIP Conference Proceeding, 2267, 020013. DOI:10.1063/5.0025153
Aritonang, B., Tamrin, Wirjosentono, B., & Eddiyanto. (2020b). Effect of graft copolymerization of oleic acid on to cyclic natural rubber in polyamide. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 21, 100690. DOI:10.1016/j.csite.2020.100690
Bialkowski, W. L. (2018). Control of the pulp and paper making process. Control System Applications, 43–66. DOI:10.1201/9781315214061-4
Barbash, V. A., & Yashchenko, O. V. (2020). Preparation and application of nanocellulose from non-wood plants to improve the quality of paper and cardboard. Applied Nanoscience, 10(8), 2705–2716. DOI:10.1007/s13204-019-01242-8
Dewi, I. A., Ihwah, A., Setyawan, H. Y., Kurniasari, A. A. N., & Ulfah, A. (2021). Optimization of NaOH concentration and cooking time in delignification of mature coconut (Cocus nucifera L.) coir. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 733, 012034. DOI:10.1088/1755-1315/733/1/012034
George, B., Lal, N., & Suchithra, T. V. (2019). Nanocellulose as polymer composite reinforcement material. Nanotechnology in the Life Sciences, 409–427. DOI:10.1007/978-3-030-16379-2_14
Khan, M. Z. H., Sarkar, M. A. R., Al Imam, F. I., Khan, M. Z. H., & Malinen, R. O. (2014). Paper making from banana pseudo-stem: Characterization and comparison. Journal of Natural Fibers, 11(3), 199–211. DOI:10.1080/15440478.2013.874962
Lee, K.-Y., & Bismarck, A. (2016). Bacterial nanocellulose as reinforcement for polymer matrices. Bacterial Nanocellulose, 109–122. DOI:10.1016/b978-0-444-63458-0.00006-8
Li, R., Buongiorno, J., Turner, J. A., Zhu, S., & Prestemon, J. (2008). Long-term effects of eliminating illegal logging on the world forest industries, trade, and inventory. Forest Policy and Economics, 10(7-8), 480–490. DOI:10.1016/j.forpol.2008.04.003
Mauro, C. S. I., & Garcia, S. (2019). Coconut milk beverage fermented by Lactobacillus reuteri: optimization process and stability during refrigerated storage. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 56(2), 854–864. doi:10.1007/s13197-018-3545-8
Widayat, W., Plilia, J., & Wibisono, J. (2019). Liquid waste processing of tofu industry for biomass production as raw material biodiesel production. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 248, 012064. DOI:10.1088/1755-1315/248/1/012064
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24114/jpkim.v13i2.27028
Article Metrics
Abstract view : 822 timesPDF - 825 times
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2021 Erdiana Gultom, Hestina Hestina, Nova Florentina, Barita Aritonang
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Jurnal Pendidikan Kimia
Contact: +62 853-1769-2813
Email: jpkim.pps@unimed.ac.id
Jl. Willem Iskandar, Pasar V, Medan Estate, Medan City, North Sumatra Province, Postal Code 20221. Phone/fax: (061) 661 3365 / +62 852-7802-1981.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.