Prediksi Curah Hujan Bulanan Menggunakan Metode Statistical Downscaling di Pulau Jawa dengan Pemilihan Prediktor Berdasarkan Transpor Uap Air

Agus Safril, Amhar Ulfiana

Abstract


Pulau Jawa merupakan bagian dari Benua Maritim dengan karakteristik geografis yang terdiri dari pegunungan dan dataran rendah. Wilayah ini menjadi sentra produksi padi sehingga prediksi curah hujan penting dilakukan untuk dimanfaatkan para petani dalam mengambil kebijakan. Model sirkulasi global (GCM) digunakan dalam prediksi dinamis untuk mendapatkan informasi curah hujan satu bulan, namun resolusinya yang rendah menjadikan model ini tidak dapat digunakan untuk memperoleh informasi dalam skala kecil sehingga diperlukan metode statistical downscaling. Untuk mendapatkan akurasi yang baik diperlukan prediktor yang terkait dengan curah hujan di wilayah Jawa. Pemilihan lokasi kotak grid prediktor didasarkan pada kandungan air mampu curah (precipitable water) di daerah prediksi dan transpor uap air ke wilayah prediksi. Hasil pemilihan kotak grid terdiri dari Laut Cina Selatan, sekitar wilayah Sumatera dan Samudera Pasifik bagian barat. Pemilihan variabel prediktor dilakukan pada 8 parameter unsur cuaca, yaitu angin zonal dan meridional paras 850 dan 200 milibar, suhu udara paras 2-meter dan 850 milibar, tekanan udara pada paras permukaan laut, serta ketinggian geopotensial pada paras 500 milibar. Hasil korelasi prediktor dan prediktan menunjukkan prediktor terpilih terdiri dari beberapa variable (multivariabel). Perbandingan antara hasil prediksi curah hujan model dan observasi menunjukkan RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) terkecil pada kombinasi Laut Cina Selatan dan Sumatera diikuti oleh kombinasi variabel yang lain. Hasil prediksi juga menunjukkan pola hujan prediksi mampu mengikuti pola monsunal dan antar tahunan (ENSO).

Kata kunci: Statistical Downscaling, prediktor, transpor uap air, dan curah hujan

Java is an island in the Maritime Continent which geographically consists of mountains and lowlands. This region is a center for rice production so that predictions of rainfall are important to be used by farmers in making policies. The global circulation model (GCM) is used in dynamic predictions to obtain one-month rainfall information, but the low resolution makes this model unable to be used to obtain information on a small scale, so statistical downscaling method are needed. To get good accuracy, predictors related to rainfall in the Jawa region are needed. The selection of predictor grid box locations is based on the precipitable water content in the prediction area and the transport of water vapor to the predicted area. The results of grid box selection consist of the South China Sea, around the Sumatra region and the Western Pacific Ocean. The selection of predictor variables is carried out on 8 weather parameters, namely zonal and meridional winds at 850 and 200 millibars, air temperature at 2-meter and 850 millibars, sea level pressure, and geopotential height at 500 millibars. The results of predictor and predictand correlation show that selected predictors consist of several variables (multivariable). The comparison between the model rainfall prediction results and observations shows the smallest RMSE(Root Mean Square Error) in the combination of the South China Sea and Sumatra followed by other combinations of variables. Prediction results also show that the pattern of rain predictions is able to follow a monsoonal and inter-annual pattern (ENSO).

Keywords: Statistical downscaling, predictor, water vapour transport, dan precipitation



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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24114/jg.v11i1.11474

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