Kajian Pemetaan Struktur dan Potensi Longsor Berdasarkan Digital Elevation Model dan Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), Daerah Pangkalan, Sumatera Barat
Abstract
Bencana geologi berupa tanah longsor telah terjadi di beberapa tempat terutama pada jalur lintas Riau - Sumatra Barat tepatnya pada daerah pangkalan, Pangkalan Koto Baru dan sekitarnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membahas geologi struktur dan geologi kebencanaan untuk penentuan pola struktur, faktor utama terjadinya longsor dalam bentuk peta rawan bencana. Dengan menggunakan data foto udara dengan drone dan data geologi lapangan, serta dilakukan analisis diantaranya analisis foto udara, geologi struktur dengan menggunakan stereografi, analisis geologi keteknikan dengan sistem RMR (Rock Mass Rating). Hasil memperlihatkan bahwa berdasarkan 1.496 data kekar yang diambil dari 14 (empat belas) titik stasiun didapatkan beberapa arah dominan gaya yang mempengaruhi daerah tersebut, hal ini disebabkan oleh periode tektonik pra tersier dan tersier di Sumatra Tengah yang ditunjukkan dengan tegasan yang bekerja memiliki tiga arah dominan yang terekam dalam pembentukan struktur di daerah ini, yaitu tegasan bearah Utara – Selatan , Timurlaut – Baratdaya, dan Baratlaut – tenggara. Berdasarkan analisis geologi teknik dengan menggunakan metode RMR, terdapat kluster 1 (satu) titik yang berada dalam kategori very poor (Kategori Klas V), 12 (duabelas) titik dalam kategori poor rock (Kategori Klas IV), dan 1 titik pada keadaan medium rock (Kategori Klas III).
Kata kunci: Struktur geologi, Longsor, DEM, Rock Mass Rating, UAV, Pangkalan.
Geological disasters of landslides have occurred in several locations in Riau - West Sumatra Road, Pangkalan Koto Baru and its surroundings. This study aims to discuss disaster geological structure and geology to determine structural patterns, the main mitigation factor in disaster-prone map. By using aerial photo data with drones, field geological data, the aerial photograph analyze using dense cloud analysis, structural geology using stereography, engineering geological analysis with the RMR (Rock Mass Rating) system. The results based on 1,496 solid data which obtained from 14 (fourteen) station points suggested that several dominant stress directions affect the area, which is derived from the pre-tertiary and tertiary tectonic periods in Central Sumatra. Structure are trending North - South, Northeast - Southwest, and Northwest - southeast. The RMR method, showed that there are 1 (one) cluster in the very bad category (Class V category), 12 (twelve) points in poor rock category (Class IV category), and 1 (one) in medium condition (Class III category).
Key words: Structural Geology, Landslides, DEM, Rock Mass Rating, UAV, Pangkalan.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24114/jg.v11i2.13048
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