Reliability Analysis of Early Fire Detection Systems to Ensure Occupant Safety and Comfort: Case Study of Grand Jati Junction Apartment Building, Medan

Abstract

The Grand Jati Junction Medan Apartment Building is one of the high-rise buildings with a mixed-use concept that has a high spatial complexity. This architectural complexity directly affects the performance and reliability of active protection systems, especially the early fire detection system. This study aims to analyze the reliability of early detection components (smoke detectors, heat detectors, and manual call points) and correlate them with architectural variables such as corridor spatial configuration, ceiling height, ventilation system, and interior layout of residential units. Using a quantitative descriptive method with a spatial overlay approach and field inspection based on SNI 03-3985-2020 and NFPA 72 standards, the study results show that the reliability of the early detection system in the Grand Jati Junction Medan Apartment Building falls into the "Good" category. However, several potential critical points of detection delay were found in units with modifications of solid partition interiors and transition areas between commercial-residential zones caused by micro air circulation patterns. This study recommends adjustments to detector layouts based on architectural zoning to ensure both safety and occupant comfort.