Indonesia

Abstract

Physical education (PE) in elementary schools holds strategic potential for character building but remains underutilized for developing social-emotional skills. This study aims to identify the role of PE in fostering social and emotional skills and to determine effective learning models. A systematic literature review of 30 selected articles from 2015–2025 was conducted. Results indicate that PE significantly contributes to improving teamwork, communication, sportsmanship, and emotional regulation. Key findings confirm that cooperative games and team sports combined with value reflection are more effective than individual technical drills. Teachers are advised to explicitly integrate social-emotional objectives into PE lessons.